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Evaluating A Targeted Social Program When Placement Is Decentralized
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Book Synopsis Evaluating a Targeted Social Program when Placement is Decentralized by : Martin Ravallion
Download or read book Evaluating a Targeted Social Program when Placement is Decentralized written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: July 1998 A social program that relies partly on geographic decentralization for placement provides indicators helpful for identifying the program's impact on welfare. An assessment of the welfare gains from a targeted social program can be seriously biased unless it takes proper account of the endogeneity of program participation. Bias comes from two sources of placement endogeneity: the purposive targeting of the geographic areas to receive the program, and the targeting of individual recipients within selected areas. Decentralization of program placement decisions is common, because of the administrative cost of centralized placement decisions and the fact that local groups and governments are likely to be better informed about who most needs help. But full decentralization is uncommon; the center typically retains control of broad geographic targeting. Ravallion and Wodon argue that partial decentralization of program placement decisions creates control and instrumental variables useful for identifying program benefits. The central allocation to a local level of government is presumably based on observable indicators. The central allocation will also influence the allocation to an individual but is unlikely to determine outcomes at the individual level conditional on individual program participation. So with suitable controls for the welfare-relevant geographic characteristics determining program placement decisions, the center's allocation across areas can be used as an instrumental variable for individual participation. The authors use Bangladesh's Food for Education program to illustrate their approach. A single post-intervention cross-sectional household survey was used to identify the impact of the program on school attendance, using geographic placement at the village level as an instrument for individual program placement. To deal with bias from the endogeneity of village selection, the authors used a detailed community survey coordinated with the household survey to control for likely sources of heterogeneity in geographicinfluences on school attendance, consistent with prior information on how the government targeted the program geographically. They found that the programs had significant and sizable impacts on school attendance. At mean points, the program's incentive increased attendance by 24 percent of the maximum feasible days of schooling. A regression estimator ignoring the purposive program placement was found to result in a substantial underestimation of the program's impact. Indeed, the simplest possible control group method-assuming that nonparticipants provide a valid counterfactual-performed much better than a regression method treating placement as exogenous. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to evaluate the impact of social programs. The study was funded by the Bank's Research Support Budget under the research project Policies for Poor Areas (RPO 681-39). Martin Ravallion may be contacted at [email protected].
Book Synopsis Evaluating a Targeted Social Program When Placement is Decentralized by : Martin Ravallion
Download or read book Evaluating a Targeted Social Program When Placement is Decentralized written by Martin Ravallion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A social program that rel ...
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty by : Judy L. Baker
Download or read book Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty written by Judy L. Baker and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the billions of dollars spent on development assistance each year, there is still very little known about the actual impact of projects on the poor. There is broad evidence on the benefits of economic growth, investments in human capital, and the provision of safety nets for the poor. But for a specific program or project in a given country, is the intervention producing the intended benefits and what was the overall impact on the population? Could the program or project be better designed to achieve the intended outcomes? Are resources being spent efficiently? These are the types of questions that can only be answered through an impact evaluation, an approach which measures the outcomes of a program intervention in isolation of other possible factors.This handbook seeks to provide project managers and policy analysts with the tools needed for evaluating project impact. It is aimed at readers with a general knowledge of statistics. For some of the more in-depth statistical methods discussed, the reader is referred to the technical literature on the topic. Chapter 1 presents an overview of concepts and methods. Chapter 2 discusses key steps and related issues to consider in implementation. Chapter 3 illustrates various analytical techniques through a case study. Chapter 4 includes a discussion of lessons learned from a rich set of 'good practice' evaluations of poverty projects which have been reviewed for this handbook.
Book Synopsis Appraising Workfare Programs by : Martin Ravallion
Download or read book Appraising Workfare Programs written by Martin Ravallion and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper offers some simple analytic tools for a rapid appraisal of workfare programs. It discusses requirements for successful programs and explains the conditions and information requirements that should be taken into account when designing and implementing such programs. Programs are studied in the abstract and from stylized versions of a range of actual programs.
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis From the Global to the Local by : Andrea Schapper
Download or read book From the Global to the Local written by Andrea Schapper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-11-07 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the Global to the Local develops a unique perspective on human rights governance in developing countries, where the state often lacks the required resources, capacities and expertise for implementing rights. Considering how rights that have been agreed upon in the global arena of world politics are locally implemented, this book then specifically explores how they reach the local children of Bangladesh’s urban slums and poor rural areas. Andrea Schapper combines an analytical framework grounded in international relations scholarship on global governance with empirical field research methods that have their basis in sociology and anthropology. Utilising this methodology, the book examines three principles that represent a global consensus on children’s rights (the protection of children from the worst forms of child labor, providing them with primary education, and delivering basic health care services to them) to illuminating the need for local and contextual solutions to transnational issues. Exploring such concerns with vigor, this book fills a gap in the study of human rights implementation and protection and will thus be of immense interest to students of Law, of International Relations and of Development Studies.
Book Synopsis Geographical Targeting for Poverty Alleviation by : David Bigman
Download or read book Geographical Targeting for Poverty Alleviation written by David Bigman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: .."in many developing countries, there are large differences in economic conditions and the standard of living between regions, and even between communities within the same region. In many countries, poverty has a clear geographic dimension, since the poor are often concentrated in pockets of poverty. Therefore, the design of poverty alleviation policies must also have a signficant spatial component." Although development projects are carefully designed and meticulously evaluated for cost effectiveness and benefits, too many of them are not sufficiently targeted geographically. The growing availability and use of spatial data, organized in a computer system such as a geographical information system (GIS), makes it more feasible to analyze the impact of projects in specific locales and to achieve more effective targeting. 'Geographical Targeting for Poverty Alleviation' introduces the basic concepts of a GIS. It also demonstrates how to organize geographic and nongeographic data. In addition, it presents different methods for using the data of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey, together with other surveys and the population census, to provide estimates for the standard of living and the incidence of poverty incidence in different geographical areas of a country. Ultimately, these estimates should be used to establish guidelines for targeting poverty alleviation projects. This publication illustrates different GIS applications for identifying the project's target population, determining the project's spatial 'sphere of influence' or deciding where to locate public facilities. This publication is of interest to task managers, economists, development researchers, and geographers.
Book Synopsis How Effective are Food for Education Programs? by : Sarah Adelman
Download or read book How Effective are Food for Education Programs? written by Sarah Adelman and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2008 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Governments use food for education (FFE) programs to increase school participation and support learning through better nutrition. But how effective are these programs? This food policy review surveys the empirical literature to assess the impact of FFE programs on the students' schooling, learning, and nutrition. It examines the economic rationale for FFEs, critically assesses the evidence on their effectiveness, identifies areas where further research is needed, and offers guidelines for future program design and use.
Book Synopsis Income Gains to the Poor from Workfare by : Jyotsna Jalan
Download or read book Income Gains to the Poor from Workfare written by Jyotsna Jalan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A workfare program was introduced in response to high unemployment in Argentina. An ex-post evaluation using matching methods indicates that the program generated sizable net income gains to generally poor participants.
Book Synopsis The Political Logic of Poverty Relief by : Alberto Diaz-Cayeros
Download or read book The Political Logic of Poverty Relief written by Alberto Diaz-Cayeros and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-26 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Political Logic of Poverty Relief places electoral politics and institutional design at the core of poverty alleviation. The authors develop a theory with applications to Mexico about how elections shape social programs aimed at aiding the poor. They also assess whether voters reward politicians for targeted poverty alleviation programs.
Book Synopsis Case Studies in Food Policy for Developing Countries by : Per Pinstrup-Andersen
Download or read book Case Studies in Food Policy for Developing Countries written by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-05 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The food problems now facing the world—scarcity and starvation, contamination and illness, overabundance and obesity—are both diverse and complex. What are their causes? How severe are they? Why do they persist? What are the solutions? In three volumes that serve as valuable teaching tools and have been designed to complement the textbook Food Policy for Developing Countries by Per Pinstrup-Andersen and Derrill D. Watson II, they call upon the wisdom of disciplines including economics, nutrition, sociology, anthropology, environmental science, medicine, and geography to create a holistic picture of the state of the world's food systems today. Volume I of the Case Studies addresses policies related to health, nutrition, food consumption, and poverty.
Book Synopsis Benefit Incidence and the Timing of Program Capture by : Peter Lanjouw
Download or read book Benefit Incidence and the Timing of Program Capture written by Peter Lanjouw and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 1998 Benefits from schooling and antipoverty programs in rural India were captured early by the nonpoor. The poor tend to benefit from program expansion, and lose from contraction. Conventional methods of assessing benefit incidence hide this fact. Survey-based estimates of average program participation conditional on income are often used in assessing the distributional impacts of public spending reforms. But program participation could well be nonhomogeneous, so that marginal impacts of program expansion or contraction differ greatly from average impacts. Using the geographic variation found in sample survey data for rural India for 1993-94, Lanjouw and Ravallion estimate the marginal odds of participating in schooling and antipoverty programs. Their results suggest early capture of these programs by the nonpoor. Thus, conventional methods of assessing benefit incidence underestimate the gains to India's rural poor from higher public outlays, and their loss from program cuts. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-was prepared as a background paper for the Bank's 1998 Poverty Assessment for India. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Enterprise Isolation Programs in Transition Economies by : Simeon Djankov
Download or read book Enterprise Isolation Programs in Transition Economies written by Simeon Djankov and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I provide the first comprehensive analysis of isolation programs for financially distressed firms in transition economies. The study is based on empirical evidence from the Romanian program. The results indicate that the isolation program did not deliver any tangible improvements in operational performance, nor did it enhance the process of privatization or liquidation of large loss-making enterprises. I also show that firms included in the program faced softer budget constraints than their comparators outside the program. These findings question the feasibility of creating special programs for enterprise restructuring and privatization under government auspices.
Book Synopsis Can Local Institutions Reduce Poverty? by : Paula Donnelly-Roark
Download or read book Can Local Institutions Reduce Poverty? written by Paula Donnelly-Roark and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors present evidence that in Burkina Faso certain high-performing local institutions contribute to equitable economic development. They link reduced levels of poverty and inequality to a high degree of internal village organization. The structure of these high-performing local organizations means they can exist in a number of African countries because they depend more on internal participation rather than on any one country's cultural assets.
Book Synopsis International School Feeding by : Thomas Melito
Download or read book International School Feeding written by Thomas Melito and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-08 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The McGovern-Dole International Food for Education and ChildNutrition Program (MGD Program) provides donations of U.S.agricultural products and financial and technical assistance for school feeding programs in the developing world. With about $200 million in funding in fiscal year 2010, the MGD Program served about 5 million beneficiaries in 28 countries. In 2006 and 2007, USDA¿s Office of the Inspector General audited the department¿s food aid programs and identified significant weaknesses. This report examines: (1) USDA¿s oversight of the MGD Program; and (2) the extent to which USDA has addressed the program¿s internal control weaknesses. Charts and tables. This is a print on demand report.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Privatization by : George R. G. Clarke
Download or read book The Political Economy of Privatization written by George R. G. Clarke and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 31 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political incentives appear to affect the likelihood of privatization. Provinces in Argentina whose governors belonged to a fiscally conservative party were more likely to privatize, and fiscal and economic crises increased the likelihood of privatization. Clarke and Cull study the political economy of bank privatization in Argentina. The results of their study strongly support the hypothesis that political incentives affect the likelihood of privatization. They find that: * Provinces whose governors belonged to the fiscally conservative Partido Justicialista were more likely to privatize. * Fiscal and economic crises increased the likelihood of privatization. * Poorly performing banks were more likely to be privatized. They tested the hypotheses for a specific industry in a specific country, making it possible to control for enterprise performance and institutional characteristics. It seems reasonable to expect that similar results might hold in other industries and countries. This paper-a product of the Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to investigate the determinants of structural change in development countries' banking sectors. The authors may be contacted at [email protected] or [email protected].
Book Synopsis Can restoration of the commons foster resilience? A quasi-experimental comparison of COVID-19 coping strategies among rural households in three Indian states by : Hughes, Karl
Download or read book Can restoration of the commons foster resilience? A quasi-experimental comparison of COVID-19 coping strategies among rural households in three Indian states written by Hughes, Karl and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India has been hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the context of a larger quasi-experimental impact assessment, we assess the pandemic’s effects on coping behavior in 80 villages spread across four districts and three states (n=772). Half of these villages were targeted by a largescale common land restoration program spearheaded by an NGO, the Foundation for Ecological Security (FES). The other half are yet to be targeted but are statistically similar vis-à-vis FES’s village targeting criteria. Analyzing the results of a phone survey conducting eight to ten months into the pandemic and its associated lockdowns, we find that the livelihood activities of households in both sets of villages were adversely impacted by COVID-19. Consequently, most households had to resort to various coping strategies, e.g., distressed asset sales and reduced farm input expenditure. From the same mobile survey data, we further construct a Livelihoods Coping Strategies Index (LCSI) and find that households in villages targeted by FES’s common land restoration initiative score 11.3% lower on this index on average. While modest, this statistically significant effect estimate (p<0.05) is consistent across the four districts and robust to alterative model and outcome specifications. We find no empirical support that our observed effect was due to improved access to common pool resources or government social programs. Instead, we speculate that this effect may be driven by institutional factors, rather than economic, a proposition we will test in future work.
