Ethnicity In Ancient Amazonia

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Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia

Author : Alf Hornborg
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1457111586
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (571 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia by : Alf Hornborg

Download or read book Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia written by Alf Hornborg and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2011-10-01 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A major contribution to Amazonian anthropology, and possibly a direction changer." -J. Scott Raymond,University of Calgary A transdisciplinary collaboration among ethnologists, linguists, and archaeologists, Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia traces the emergence, expansion, and decline of cultural identities in indigenous Amazonia. Hornborg and Hill argue that the tendency to link language, culture, and biology--essentialist notions of ethnic identities--is a Eurocentric bias that has characterized largely inaccurate explanations of the distribution of ethnic groups and languages in Amazonia. The evidence, however, suggests a much more fluid relationship among geography, language use, ethnic identity, and genetics. In Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia, leading linguists, ethnographers, ethnohistorians, and archaeologists interpret their research from a unique nonessentialist perspective to form a more accurate picture of the ethnolinguistic diversity in this area. Revealing how ethnic identity construction is constantly in flux, contributors show how such processes can be traced through different ethnic markers such as pottery styles and languages. Scholars and students studying lowland South America will be especially interested, as will anthropologists intrigued by its cutting-edge, interdisciplinary approach.

Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia

Author : Alf Hornborg
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1457111586
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (571 download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnicity in Ancient Amazonia by : Alf Hornborg

A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean

Author : Jeremy McInerney
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118834380
Total Pages : 608 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean by : Jeremy McInerney

Download or read book A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean written by Jeremy McInerney and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to Ethnicity in the Ancient Mediterranean presents a comprehensive collection of essays contributed by Classical Studies scholars that explore questions relating to ethnicity in the ancient Mediterranean world. Covers topics of ethnicity in civilizations ranging from ancient Egypt and Israel, to Greece and Rome, and into Late Antiquity Features cutting-edge research on ethnicity relating to Philistine, Etruscan, and Phoenician identities Reveals the explicit relationships between ancient and modern ethnicities Introduces an interpretation of ethnicity as an active component of social identity Represents a fundamental questioning of formally accepted and fixed categories in the field

Upper PerenŽ Arawak Narratives of History, Landscape, and Ritual

Author : Elena Mihas
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 080326528X
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Upper PerenŽ Arawak Narratives of History, Landscape, and Ritual by : Elena Mihas

Download or read book Upper PerenŽ Arawak Narratives of History, Landscape, and Ritual written by Elena Mihas and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published through the Recovering Languages and Literacies of the Americas initiative, supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation The rich storytelling traditions of the Alto Perené Arawaks of eastern Peru are showcased in this bilingual collection of traditional narratives, ethnographic accounts, women’s autobiographical stories, songs, chants, and ritual speeches. The Alto Perené speakers are located in the colonization frontier at the foot of the eastern Andes and the western fringe of the Amazonian jungle. Unfortunately, their language has a slim chance of surviving because only about three hundred fluent speakers remain. This volume collects and preserves the power and vitality of Alto Perené oral and linguistic traditions, as told by thirty members of the Native community. Upper Perené Arawak Narratives of History, Landscape, and Ritual covers a range of themes in the Alto Perené oral tradition, through genres such as myths, folk tales, autobiographical accounts, and ethnographic texts about customs and rituals, as well as songs, chants, and oratory. Transcribed and translated by Elena Mihas, a specialist in Northern Kampa language varieties, and grounded in the actual performances of Alto Perené speakers, this collection makes these stories available in English for the first time. Each original text in Alto Perené is accompanied by an English translation, and each theme is introduced with an essay providing biographical, cultural, and linguistic information. This collection of oral literature is masterful and authoritative as well as entertaining and provocative, testifying to the power of Alto Perené storytelling.

Sacred Geographies of Ancient Amazonia

Author : Denise P Schaan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131542052X
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Sacred Geographies of Ancient Amazonia by : Denise P Schaan

Download or read book Sacred Geographies of Ancient Amazonia written by Denise P Schaan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The legendary El Dorado—the city of gold—remains a mere legend, but astonishing new discoveries are revealing a major civilization in ancient Amazonia that was more complex than anyone previously dreamed. Scholars have long insisted that the Amazonian ecosystem placed severe limits on the size and complexity of its ancient cultures, but leading researcher Denise Schaan reverses that view, synthesizing exciting new evidence of large-scale land and resource management to tell a new history of indigenous Amazonia. Schaan also engages fundamental debates about the development of social complexity and the importance of ancient Amazonia from a global perspective. This innovative, interdisciplinary book is a major contribution to the study of human-environment relations, social complexity, and past and present indigenous societies.

Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas

Author : Sarah B. Barber
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131744082X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas by : Sarah B. Barber

Download or read book Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas written by Sarah B. Barber and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-20 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting collection explores the interplay of religion and politics in the precolumbian Americas. Each thought-provoking contribution positions religion as a primary factor influencing political innovations in this period, reinterpreting major changes through an examination of how religion both facilitated and constrained transformations in political organization and status relations. Offering unparalleled geographic and temporal coverage of this subject, Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas spans the entire precolumbian period, from Preceramic Peru to the Contact period in eastern North America, with case studies from North, Middle, and South America. Religion and Politics in the Ancient Americas considers the ways in which religion itself generated political innovation and thus enabled political centralization to occur. It moves beyond a "Great Tradition" focus on elite religion to understand how local political authority was negotiated, contested, bolstered, and undermined within diverse constituencies, demonstrating how religion has transformed non-Western societies. As well as offering readers fresh perspectives on specific archaeological cases, this book breaks new ground in the archaeological examination of religion and society.

The Ashgate Research Companion to Anthropology

Author : Andrew J. Strathern
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317044118
Total Pages : 441 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ashgate Research Companion to Anthropology by : Andrew J. Strathern

Download or read book The Ashgate Research Companion to Anthropology written by Andrew J. Strathern and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-03 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This companion provides an indispensable overview of contemporary and classical issues in social and cultural anthropology. Although anthropology has expanded greatly over time in terms of the diversity of topics in which its practitioners engage, many of the broad themes and topics at the heart of anthropological thought remain perennially vital, such as understanding order and change, diversity and continuity, and conflict and co-operation in the reproduction of social life. Bringing together leading scholars in the field, the contributors to this volume provide us with thoughtful and fruitful ways of thinking about a number of contemporary and long-standing arenas of work where both established and more recent researchers are engaged. The companion begins by exploring classic topics such as Religion; Rituals; Language and Culture; Violence; and Gender. This is followed by a focus on current developments within the discipline including Human Rights; Globalization; and Diasporas and Cosmopolitanism. It provides an interesting and challenging look at the state of current thinking in anthropology, serving as a rich resource for scholars and students alike.

Amazonian Kichwa of the Curaray River

Author : Mary-Elizabeth Reeve
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 1496229592
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (962 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazonian Kichwa of the Curaray River by : Mary-Elizabeth Reeve

Download or read book Amazonian Kichwa of the Curaray River written by Mary-Elizabeth Reeve and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amazonian Kichwa of the Curaray River is an exploration of the dynamics of regional societies and the ways in which kinship relationships define the scale of these societies. It details social relations across Kichwa-speaking indigenous communities and among neighboring members of other ethnolinguistic groups to explore the multiple ways in which the regional society is conceptualized among Amazonian Kichwa. Drawing on recent studies in kinship, landscape from an indigenous perspective, and social scaling, Mary-Elizabeth Reeve presents a view of Amazonian Kichwa as embedded in a multiethnic regional society of great historic depth. This book is a fine-grained ethnography of the Kichwa of the Curaray River region (Curaray Runa) in which Reeve focuses on ideas of social landscape, as well as residence, extended kin groups, historical memory, and collective ritual celebration, to show the many ways in which Curaray Runa express their placement within a regional society. The final chapter examines social scaling as it is currently unfolding in indigenous societies in Amazonian Ecuador through increasing multisited residence and political mobilization. Based on intensive fieldwork, Amazonian Kichwa of the Curaray River breaks new ground in Amazonian studies by focusing on extended kinship networks at a larger scale and by utilizing both ethnographic and archival research of Amazonian regional systems.

Landesque Capital

Author : N Thomas Håkansson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315425688
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

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Book Synopsis Landesque Capital by : N Thomas Håkansson

Download or read book Landesque Capital written by N Thomas Håkansson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first comprehensive, global treatment of landesque capital, a widespread concept used to understand anthropogenic landscapes that serve important economic, social, and ritual purposes. Spanning the disciplines of anthropology, human ecology, geography, archaeology, and history, chapters combine theoretical rigor with in-depth empirical studies of major landscape modifications from ancient to contemporary times. They assess not only degradation but also the social, political, and economic institutions and contexts that make sustainability possible. Offering tightly edited, original contributions from leading scholars, this book will have a lasting influence on the study long-term human-environment relations in the human and natural sciences.

Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide

Author : Adrian J. Pearce
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 178735735X
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide by : Adrian J. Pearce

Download or read book Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide written by Adrian J. Pearce and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowhere on Earth is there an ecological transformation so swift and so extreme as between the snow-line of the high Andes and the tropical rainforest of Amazonia. The different disciplines that research the human past in South America have long tended to treat these two great subzones of the continent as self-contained enough to be taken independently of each other. Objections have repeatedly been raised, however, to warn against imagining too sharp a divide between the people and societies of the Andes and Amazonia, when there are also clear indications of significant connections and transitions between them. Rethinking the Andes–Amazonia Divide brings together archaeologists, linguists, geneticists, anthropologists, ethnohistorians and historians to explore both correlations and contrasts in how the various disciplines see the relationship between the Andes and Amazonia, from deepest prehistory up to the European colonial period. The volume emerges from an innovative programme of conferences and symposia conceived explicitly to foster awareness, discussion and co-operation across the divides between disciplines. Underway since 2008, this programme has already yielded major publications on the Andean past, including History and Language in the Andes (2011) and Archaeology and Language in the Andes (2012).

Problems of Canonicity and Identity Formation in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia

Author : Gojko Barjamovic
Publisher : Museum Tusculanum Press
ISBN 13 : 8763543729
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Problems of Canonicity and Identity Formation in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia by : Gojko Barjamovic

Download or read book Problems of Canonicity and Identity Formation in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia written by Gojko Barjamovic and published by Museum Tusculanum Press. This book was released on 2016-04-24 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The term ‘canonicity’ implies the recognition that the domain of literature and of the library is also a cultural and political one, related to various forms of identity formation, maintenance, and change. Scribes and benefactors ‘create’ canon in as much as they teach, analyze, preserve, prom¬ulgate and change ‘canonical’ texts according to prevailing norms. From early on, texts from the written traditions of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt were accumulated, codified, and to some extent canonized, as various collections developed mainly in the environment of the temple and the palace. These written traditions represent sets of formal and informal cultures that all speak in their own ways of canonicity, normativity, and other forms of cultural expertise. Some forms of literature were used not only in scholarly contexts, but also in political ones, and they served purposes of identity formation. This volume addresses the interrelations between various forms of ‘canon’ and identity formation in different time periods, genres, regions, and contexts, as well as the application of contemporary conceptions of ‘canon’ to ancient texts.

Language, Coffee, and Migration on an Andean-Amazonian Frontier

Author : Nicholas Q. Emlen
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816541353
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Language, Coffee, and Migration on an Andean-Amazonian Frontier by : Nicholas Q. Emlen

Download or read book Language, Coffee, and Migration on an Andean-Amazonian Frontier written by Nicholas Q. Emlen and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extraordinary change is under way in the Alto Urubamba Valley, a vital and turbulent corner of the Andean-Amazonian borderland of southern Peru. Here, tens of thousands of Quechua-speaking farmers from the rural Andes have migrated to the territory of the Indigenous Amazonian Matsigenka people in search of land for coffee cultivation. This migration has created a new multilingual, multiethnic agrarian society. The rich-tasting Peruvian coffee in your cup is the distillate of an intensely dynamic Amazonian frontier, where native Matsigenkas, state agents, and migrants from the rural highlands are carving the forest into farms. Language, Coffee, and Migration on an Andean-Amazonian Frontier shows how people of different backgrounds married together and blended the Quechua, Matsigenka, and Spanish languages in their day-to-day lives. This frontier relationship took place against a backdrop of deforestation, cocaine trafficking, and destructive natural gas extraction. Nicholas Q. Emlen’s rich account—which takes us to remote Amazonian villages, dusty frontier towns, roadside bargaining sessions, and coffee traders’ homes—offers a new view of settlement frontiers as they are negotiated in linguistic interactions and social relationships. This interethnic encounter was not a clash between distinct groups but rather an integrated network of people who adopted various stances toward each other as they spoke. The book brings together a fine-grained analysis of multilingualism with urgent issues in Latin America today, including land rights, poverty, drug trafficking, and the devastation of the world’s largest forest. It offers a timely on-the-ground perspective on the agricultural colonization of the Amazon, which has triggered an environmental emergency threatening the future of the planet.

Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present

Author : Anna Roosevelt
Publisher : University of Arizona Press
ISBN 13 : 0816549370
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present by : Anna Roosevelt

Download or read book Amazonian Indians from Prehistory to the Present written by Anna Roosevelt and published by University of Arizona Press. This book was released on 2022-05-10 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amazonia has long been a focus of debate about the impact of the tropical rain forest environment on indigenous cultural development. This edited volume draws on the subdisciplines of anthropology to present an integrated perspective of Amazonian studies. The contributors address transformations of native societies as a result of their interaction with Western civilization from initial contact to the present day, demonstrating that the pre- and postcontact characteristics of these societies display differences that until now have been little recognized. CONTENTS Amazonian Anthropology: Strategy for a New Synthesis, Anna C. Roosevelt The Ancient Amerindian Polities of the Amazon, Orinoco and Atlantic Coast: A Preliminary Analysis of Their Passage from Antiquity to Extinction, Neil Lancelot Whitehead The Impact of Conquest on Contemporary Indigenous Peoples of the Guiana Shield: The System of Orinoco Regional Interdependence, Nelly Arvelo-Jiménez and Horacio Biord Social Organization and Political Power in the Amazon Floodplain: The Ethnohistorical Sources, Antonio Porro The Evidence for the Nature of the Process of Indigenous Deculturation and Destabilization in the Amazon Region in the Last 300 Years: Preliminary Data, Adélia Engrácia de Oliveira Health and Demography of Native Amazonians: Historical Perspective and Current Status, Warren M. Hern Diet and Nutritional Status of Amazonian Peoples, Darna L. Dufour Hunting and Fishing in Amazonia: Hold the Answers, What are the Questions?, Stephen Beckerman Homeostasis as a Cultural System: The Jivaro Case, Philippe Descola Farming, Feuding, and Female Status: The Achuara Case, Pita Kelekna Subsistence Strategy, Social Organization, and Warfare in Central Brazil in the Context of European Penetration, Nancy M. Flowers Environmental and Social Implications of Pre- and Post-Contact Situations on Brazilian Indians: The Kayapo and a New Amazonian Synthesis, Darrell Addison Posey Beyond Resistance: A Comparative Study of Utopian Renewal in Amazonia, Michael F. Brown The Eastern Bororo Seen from an Archaeological Perspective, Irmhilde Wüst Genetic Relatedness and Language Distributions in Amazonia, Harriet E. Manelis Klein Language, Culture, and Environment: Tup¡-Guaran¡ Plant Names Over Time, William Balée and Denny Moore Becoming Indian: The Politics of Tukanoan Ethnicity, Jean E. Jackson

"The Only True People"

Author : Bethany J. Beyette
Publisher : University Press of Colorado
ISBN 13 : 1607325675
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis "The Only True People" by : Bethany J. Beyette

Download or read book "The Only True People" written by Bethany J. Beyette and published by University Press of Colorado. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Only True People" is a timely and rigorous examination of ethnicity among the ancient and modern Maya, focusing on ethnogenesis and exploring the complexities of Maya identity—how it developed, where and when it emerged, and why it continues to change over time. In the volume, a multidisciplinary group of well-known scholars including archaeologists, linguists, ethnographers, ethnohistorians, and epigraphers investigate ethnicity and other forms of group identity at a number of Maya sites and places, from the northern reaches of the Yucatan to the Southern Periphery, and across different time periods, from the Classic period to the modern day. Each contribution challenges the notion of ethnically homogenous "Maya peoples" for their region and chronology and explores how their work contributes to the definition of "ethnicity" for ancient Maya society. Contributors confront some of the most difficult theoretical debates concerning identity in the literature today: how different ethnic groups define themselves in relation to others; under what circumstances ethnicity is marked by overt expressions of group membership and when it is hidden from view; and the processes that transform ethnic identities and their expressions. By addressing the social constructs and conditions behind Maya ethnicity, both past and present, "The Only True People" contributes to the understanding of ethnicity as a complex set of relationships among people who lived in real and imagined communities, as well as among people separated by social boundaries. The volume will be a key resource for Mayanists and will be of interest to students and scholars of ethnography, anthropology, and cultural studies as well. Contributors: McCale Ashenbrener, Ellen E. Bell, Marcello A. Canuto, Juan Castillo Cocom, David A. Freidel, Wolfgang Gabbert, Stanley P. Guente, Jonathan Hill, Charles Andrew Hofling, Martha J. Macri, Damien B. Marken, Matthew Restall, Timoteo Rodriguez, Mathew C. Samson, Edward Schortman, Rebecca Storey

Fluent Selves

Author : Suzanne Oakdale
Publisher : U of Nebraska Press
ISBN 13 : 0803265158
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Fluent Selves by : Suzanne Oakdale

Download or read book Fluent Selves written by Suzanne Oakdale and published by U of Nebraska Press. This book was released on 2014-11-01 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluent Selves examines narrative practices throughout lowland South America focusing on indigenous communities in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Peru, illuminating the social and cultural processes that make the past as important as the present for these peoples. This collection brings together leading scholars in the fields of anthropology and linguistics to examine the intersection of these narratives of the past with the construction of personhood. The volume’s exploration of autobiographical and biographical accounts raises questions about fieldwork, ethical practices, and cultural boundaries in the study of anthropology. Rather than relying on a simple opposition between the “Western individual” and the non-Western rest, contributors to Fluent Selves explore the complex interplay of both individualizing as well as relational personhood in these practices. Transcending classic debates over the categorization of “myth” and “history,” the autobiographical and biographical narratives in Fluent Selves illustrate the very medium in which several modes of engaging with the past meet, are reconciled, and reemerge.

The Rise and Fall of the Amazon Rubber Industry

Author : Stephen L. Nugent
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351717944
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (517 download)

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Book Synopsis The Rise and Fall of the Amazon Rubber Industry by : Stephen L. Nugent

Download or read book The Rise and Fall of the Amazon Rubber Industry written by Stephen L. Nugent and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this engaging book, Stephen Nugent offers an in-depth historical anthropology of a widely recognised feature of the Amazon region, examining the dramatic rise and fall of the rubber industry. He considers rubber in the Amazon from the perspective of a long-term extractive industry that linked remote forest tappers to technical innovations central to the industrial transformation of Europe and North America, emphasizing the links between the social landscape of Amazonia and the global economy. Through a critical examination focused on the rubber industry, Nugent addresses myths that continue to influence perceptions of Amazonia. The book challenges widely held assumptions about the hyper-naturalism of the ‘lost world’ of the Amazon where ‘the challenge of the tropics’ is still to be faced and the ‘frontiers of development’ are still to be settled. It is relevant for students and scholars of anthropology, Latin American studies, history, political ecology, geography and development studies.

Ethnicity and Culture Amidst New "neighbors"

Download Ethnicity and Culture Amidst New

Author : Theodore Macdonald
Publisher : Pearson
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Ethnicity and Culture Amidst New "neighbors" by : Theodore Macdonald

Download or read book Ethnicity and Culture Amidst New "neighbors" written by Theodore Macdonald and published by Pearson. This book was released on 1999 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the reader with a story that has been many years in the making. It is the story of the Runa, a Quichua-speaking Indian population in Ecuador's Amazon region. It offers a window onto another culture, an illustration of the relationship between ethnicity and culture, and a story of the mobilization of an indigenous group. And when the reader arrives at the book's end, he or she will understand why the story is not merely shelved and finished, but is rather an ongoing tale that will continue for years to come. The author has been following the Runa's adaptation to continuous changes around and amongst them since 1974. When he first met the Runa, they were practicing swidden horticulture, hunting, fishing, and living their created culture while also reacting to external pressures imposed on them by newly arrived colonists and changing national legislation. This book follows the Runa from a passive accommodating society to an active organized group. The Runa thus became one of the early standard bearers in what is now a hemispheric social movement -- indigenous ethnic federations. These organizations have changed Latin America by successfully thrusting indigenous identities and concerns into the middle of national political arenas that previously marginalized and stigmatized them. Anthropologists or anyone interested in other cultures. Part of the New Immigrant's Series.