Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Ethnic And Global Perspectives To Facial Plastic Surgery An Issue Of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics Of North America
Download Ethnic And Global Perspectives To Facial Plastic Surgery An Issue Of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics Of North America full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Ethnic And Global Perspectives To Facial Plastic Surgery An Issue Of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics Of North America ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Ethnic and Global Perspectives to Facial Plastic Surgery, an Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America by : Kofi Boahene
Download or read book Ethnic and Global Perspectives to Facial Plastic Surgery, an Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America written by Kofi Boahene and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-11-07 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editors Drs. Kofi Boahene, Anthony E. Brissett, and Roxana Cobo bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Ethnic and Global Perspectives to Facial Plastic Surgery. Top experts in the field provide detailed coverage of the considerations that need to be made for ethnic patients seeking facial plastic surgery. A wide variety of key topics are presented, including separate articles on case-based, rhinoplasty considerations for African, Latino, Middle Eastern, and Asian patients. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including nuances of ethnic skin and minimally invasive techniques; thread lifting techniques with PDO; volumization in patients of ethnic descent; hair restoration in the ethnic patient; face and neck lift options in patients of ethnic descent; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on ethnic and global perspectives to facial plastic surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Ethnic and Global Perspectives to Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Kofi Boahene
Download or read book Ethnic and Global Perspectives to Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Kofi Boahene and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-10-31 with total page 129 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editors Drs. Kofi Boahene, Anthony E. Brissett, and Roxana Cobo bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Ethnic and Global Perspectives to Facial Plastic Surgery. Top experts in the field provide detailed coverage of the considerations that need to be made for ethnic patients seeking facial plastic surgery. A wide variety of key topics are presented, including separate articles on case-based, rhinoplasty considerations for African, Latino, Middle Eastern, and Asian patients. Contains 14 relevant, practice-oriented topics including nuances of ethnic skin and minimally invasive techniques; thread lifting techniques with PDO; volumization in patients of ethnic descent; hair restoration in the ethnic patient; face and neck lift options in patients of ethnic descent; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on ethnic and global perspectives to facial plastic surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Multicultural Aesthetics in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, by : J. Regan Thomas
Download or read book Multicultural Aesthetics in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, written by J. Regan Thomas and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing multicultural population in the US and the world is reflected in the patient population that most Facial Plastic Surgeons are seeing in their practice environments. Facial plastic surgery procedures and aesthetic goals had been based predominantly on European Caucasian models of anatomy and cultural influences/ Currently, a wide variety of racial, ethnic and cultural backgrounds are included in most facial plastic surgery practice experiences. A recognition and sensitivity to those differences and influences should be part of a modern facial plastic surgeon’s skill set. With an understanding of the tremendous clinical relevance of multicultural aesthetics, this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics addresses Anatomy, Aesthetic goals, Patient evaluation, and Surgical techniques according to various ethnic, racial, and cultural needs. Some of the topics presented are Considerations in non-Caucasian facelift procedures; Scar variations by skin type; Laser and face peel procedures in non-Caucasians; Rhinoplasty in the Mestizo nose; Rhinoplasty in the African-American nose; Rhinoplasty in the Asian nose; Facial aesthetic surgical goals in patients of different cultures; and Concepts of beauty in a multicultural world.
Book Synopsis Facial and Nasal Anatomy, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Sebastian Cotofana
Download or read book Facial and Nasal Anatomy, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Sebastian Cotofana and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-05-07 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Sebastian Cotofana brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Facial and Nasal Anatomy. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as facial transplantation, 3D imaging and virtual surgical planning in facial reconstruction, liquid rhinoplasty using the superficial approach, and many more. Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including updated biomechanical concepts of the face; the layered anatomy of the nose and its relation to nasal arterial vasculature (ultrasound-based); 3D surface scanning of the nose (whole body scanners vs. facial handheld devices); assessing the aesthetic perception of the nose in pre- vs. post-rhinoplasty individuals (eye-tracking based); and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on facial and nasal anatomy in plastic surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Modern Approaches to Facial and Athletic Injuries, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : J. David Kriet
Download or read book Modern Approaches to Facial and Athletic Injuries, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by J. David Kriet and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-11-27 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editors J. David Kriet and Clinton D. Humphrey bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Modern Approaches to Facial and Athletic Injuries. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as nasal fractures, orbital fractures, zygomaticomaxillary fractures, mandibular body injuries, and more. Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including Soft Tissue Injuries Including Auricular Hematoma Management; Concussion in the Athlete and Return to Play Guidelines; General Overview of Facial Trauma Patient Evaluation; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on modern approaches to facial and athletic injuries, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Anthony Bared
Download or read book Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Anthony Bared and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-06-25 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Anthony Bared brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Gender Facial Affirmation Surgery. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as forehead contouring; navigating the insurance gauntlet; hair restoration; lower jaw contouring; cheek augmentation; and more. Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including chondrolaryngoplasty; gender-related facial analysis; preparing for surgery/timing; injectable treatments and non-surgical aspects of gender affirmation; feminization rhinoplasty; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on gender facial affirmation surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Preservation Rhinoplasty Merges with Structure Rhinoplasty, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Dean M. Toriumi
Download or read book Preservation Rhinoplasty Merges with Structure Rhinoplasty, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Dean M. Toriumi and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-11-18 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Dean M. Toriumi brings his considerable expertise to the topic of Preservation Rhinoplasty Merges with Structure Rhinoplasty. Top experts in the field, some who prefer a preservation rhinoplasty approach and some who utilize reduction techniques, provide readers with articles that contrast the two approaches and offer expert content about both techniques. Contains 15 practice-oriented topics including surface techniques in dorsal preservation; open preservation rhinoplasty using the Piezotome; modified dorsal split technique; managing the severe septal deviation using dorsal preservation; push up for correction of the saddle nose deformity; Brazilian approach to dorsal preservation; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on preservation rhinoplasty and structure rhinoplasty, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Injectables and Nonsurgical Rejuvenation, Volume 30, Issue 3, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Jessyka G. Lighthall
Download or read book Injectables and Nonsurgical Rejuvenation, Volume 30, Issue 3, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Jessyka G. Lighthall and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2022-08-12 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editor Dr. Jessyka G. Lighthall brings her considerable expertise to the topic of Injectables and Nonsurgical Rejuvenation. Many patients seek facial rejuvenation without having to undergo a surgical procedure, and optimal rejuvenation often requires a multi-faceted approach to their concerns about aging. In this issue, top experts in the field provide up-to-date information on available treatments for aesthetic physicians as primary or adjunctive procedures for facial and neck rejuvenation. Contains relevant, practice-oriented topics including patient evaluation and treatment planning for the aging face patient; medical grade skin care for optimal facial rejuvenation; injectables in facial plastic surgery; treatment of periocular vascularity, erythema and hyperpigmentation; advances in non-surgical periocular rejuvenation; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on injectables and nonsurgical rejuvenation, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Reducing Risks in Surgical Facial Plastic Procedures, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : David B. Hom
Download or read book Reducing Risks in Surgical Facial Plastic Procedures, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by David B. Hom and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2023-04-03 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest editors Drs. David B. Hom and Deborah Watson bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Reducing Risks in Surgical Facial Plastic Procedures. Despite the many benefits of facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, unfavorable outcomes and complications can occur even among experienced surgeons. In this issue, top experts discuss common risks and adverse events that may occur from a variety of procedures and describe ways to help prevent, manage, and treat them. Contains 17 practice-oriented topics on reducing risks for poor surgical wound healing, facial scarring, local skin flap failure, rhinoplasty, mandible and midface fracture repair, rhytidectomy, blepharoplasty, and more, as well as reducing legal risks and social media issues for cosmetic surgery. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on reducing risks in surgical facial plastic procedures, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Facial Plastic Surgery Procedures in the Non-Caucasian Population, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Yong Ju Jang
Download or read book Facial Plastic Surgery Procedures in the Non-Caucasian Population, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Yong Ju Jang and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, Guest Edited by Dr. Yong Ju Jang, is dedicated to Facial Plastic Surgery Procedures in the Non-Caucasian Population. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. J. Regan Thomas. Articles in this issue include, but are not limited to: Facelift for East Asian, Facelift for African descendants, Forehead lift for Asian, Lower eyelid and midface rejuvenation, Blepharoplasty for Asian (Incisional technique), Non incisional blepharoplasty for Asian, Cosmetic bone contouring surgery for Asian, Two jaw surgery for Asian, Special considerations in facial reconstruction in the Non-Caucasian Patient, Rhinoplasty for African descendants, Cosmetic augmentation rhinoplasty for East Asians, and Special consideration in rhinoplasty for east Asian deformed noses. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on the latest updates in Facial Plastic Surgery Procedures in the Non-Caucasian Population, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.
Book Synopsis Day-to-day Challenges in Facial Plastic Surgery,An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : William H. Truswell
Download or read book Day-to-day Challenges in Facial Plastic Surgery,An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by William H. Truswell and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-11-28 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest edited by Dr. William H. Truswell, is devoted to Day-to-day Challenges in Facial Plastic Surgery. This issue is one of four selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Dr. J. Regan Thomas. Articles in this issue include: Guiding the Patient on Their Journey through Facial Rejuvenation Surgery; Incorporating Nonsurgical Options and Aesthetic Services into a Facial Plastic Surgery Practice; Evaluating, Purchasing, and Incorporating High Tech Equipment into a Facial Plastic Surgery Practice; Identifying and Handling Personality Disorders when Selecting Patients for Surgery; Unhappy Patients Can Turn into Angry Patients; Balancing University Obligations and a Cosmetic Surgery Practice in a Full Time Academic Environment; The Art of Teaching, Training, and Putting the Scalpel in Residents’ Hands; Facial Plastic Surgery Journals; Recognizing, Managing, and Guiding the Patient Through Complications in Facial Plastic Surgery; Recognizing and Managing Complications in Laser Resurfacing, Chemical Peels, and Dermabrasion; Life in an Academic Practice vs. a Solo Private Practice; How to Leverage Social Media in Private Practice; The Best Business Moves You Can Use to Enhance Your Practice; Understanding and Getting Involved in the International Facial Plastic Surgery Community; and Securing Operating Room Time for Elective Cases.
Book Synopsis Controversies in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book by : Fred G. Fedok
Download or read book Controversies in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, E-Book written by Fred G. Fedok and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-04-26 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Fred Fedok and Robert M. Kellman, is devoted to Controversies in Facial Plastic Surgery. This issue will address controversies in the following topics: Rejuvenation of the Upper Face; Hypertrophpic Scars and Keloids; Contemporary Laser and Light Based Facial Rejuvenation Techniques; Radiofrequency Technology in Face and Neck Rejuvenation; The SMAS and Other Considerations in Rejuvenation of the Lower Face and Neck; Facial Paralysis Challenges and Management Advances; Otoplasty and Management of the Prominent Ear; Lip Rejuvenation; Grafting Techniques in Primary and Revision Rhinoplasty; Injectable Facial Volumerization; and Orbital Fractures.
Book Synopsis Evidence-Based Procedures in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, by : Lisa Ishii
Download or read book Evidence-Based Procedures in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America, written by Lisa Ishii and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-11-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evidence base in 2015 remains a subject of controversy for surgeons related to its application in surgery that cannot be approached as it is in medical evidence. Academic surgeons acknowledge that evidence base is necessary and private practitioners know it is woven into the fabric of their practice. Dr. Lisa Ishii and Dr. Travis Tollefson, editors of this publication, are at the forefront of clinical use of and research into evidence based surgery. The Oxford Centre system of evidence is used for this issue. Currently, evidence is dominant in the reconstructive aspect, moreso than the cosmetic aspect; as such, this resource focuses on the nerve and microvascular procedures. Topics include Facial vascular anomalies, Cleft lip and palate; Trauma; Facial reanimation; System reviews and metanalyses; and Skin care, Laser treatments; and Rhinoplasty. Audience for this resource is facial plastic surgeons, otolaryngologists, plastic surgeons, laser therapists, dermatologists, and skin researchers.
Book Synopsis New Trends and Technologies in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America by : Jason D Bloom
Download or read book New Trends and Technologies in Facial Plastic Surgery, An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America written by Jason D Bloom and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-07-06 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Jason D. Bloom, is devoted to New Trends and Technologies in Facial Plastic Surgery. Articles in this important issue include: Cold Helium Plasma Technology in Lower Face and Neck Rejuvenation; State of the Art Technology and Techniques with RF Microneedling; Percutaneous RF Technologies for Lower Face and Neck Rejuvenation; Microfat vs. Nanofat: When and where these treatments work; The Benefits of Platelet Rich Fibrin (PRF); Silhouette InstaLift: Benefits to a Facial Plastic Surgery Practice; Advanced Techniques in Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty; Lateral Nasal Wall Stent (Latera) for Dynamic Nasal Valve Collapse; Social Media Marketing in Facial Plastic Surgery: What Has Worked?; What’s New in Facial Hair Transplantation (Brows, Beard, Moustache); Upper Lip Lifts: Tips and Tricks to Improve Your Results; Nutraceuticals and Adjuncts to Improve Healing and Outcomes; PRP and Stem Cells: Fact or Fiction?; New Skincare Regimens or Products for the Facial Plastic Surgeon; and Autologous Fat Harvest and Preparation for Optimal Predictable Outcomes.
Book Synopsis Ethnically Sensitive Rhinoplasty, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America by : Anthony E. Brisset
Download or read book Ethnically Sensitive Rhinoplasty, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America, An Issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America written by Anthony E. Brisset and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-03-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Anthony Brissett, Lisa Ishii, and Kofi Boahene, is devoted to Ethnically Sensitive Rhinoplasty. Articles in this issue include: The Changing Face of Beauty; A Global Assessment of Facial Beauty; Concepts of Facial Aesthetics When Considering Ethnic Rhinoplasty; How You See Yourself: Cultural Considerations and Self Image for Rhinoplasty Patients of Ethnic Descent; Cultural Preservation: An Ethnically Sensitive Approach to Rhinoplasty Surgery; Dorsal Modifications and Management of the Nasal Pyramid in Patients of African Descent; Management of the Nasal Tip, Nasal Base and Soft Tissue Envelope in Patients of African Descent; Endonasal Approach to the Caucasian Nose; Open Structure Approach to the Caucasian Nose; Use of Nasal Implants and Dorsal Modification When Treating the Asian Nose; Management of the Mestizo Nose; and Surgical Considerations in Patients of Middle Eastern Descent.
Book Synopsis Facelift Surgical Techniques , An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America by : Andrew A. Jacono
Download or read book Facelift Surgical Techniques , An Issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North America written by Andrew A. Jacono and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Andrew A. Jacono, is devoted to Facelift Surgical Techniques. This issue is one of four selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Dr. J. Regan Thomas. Articles in this issue include: Extended Deep Plane Facelifting, Extended SMAS Flap Rhytidectomy, Vertical Platysma Advancement Deep Plane Facelifting, Incorporating Midline Platysmaplasty with Lateral SMAS Facelifting, Subunit, Approach to Facelifting and Facial Rejuvenation, Superficial and Deep Facial Anatomy and Its Implication for Rhytidectomy Surgery, Laser Assisted Facelifting and Energy-Based Rejuvenation Techniques During Rhyrtidectomy, Incorporating Fat Grafting with Facelift Surgery, Approaches to Reducing Risk in, Rhytidectomy Surgery, Nuances in SMAS Rhytidectomy, Less Invasive SMAS Approaches in Rhytidectomy, and Local Anesthesia Facelifting.
Book Synopsis Essentials for Aesthetic Dermatology in Ethnic Skin by : Mukta Sachdev
Download or read book Essentials for Aesthetic Dermatology in Ethnic Skin written by Mukta Sachdev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-05-29 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on creating awareness and detailing the nuances of aesthetic dermatology practice in skin of color. It highlights practical considerations in pre-/intra-/post-procedure care with an emphasis on patient selection for aesthetic procedures and the associated challenges involved in real-time practice. It aims to cater to audiences of countries with both high and low populations of dark-skinned patients, as clinicians often have limited experience in treating this group. Numerous topics are explored through case-based discussions and practical tips. This is a practical ready reference manual for a cosmetic dermatologist dealing with darker skin. Key Features Covers the geo-ethnic skin types of Asians, Southeast Asians, Africans, and Hispanics Explores the topics through case-based discussions Provides comprehensive details about the use of machines on skin of color
