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Estimating Characteristics Of Chemical Explosions In New England And Eastern Kazakhstan Using Local And Regional Seismic Data
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Book Synopsis Estimating Characteristics of Chemical Explosions in New England and Eastern Kazakhstan Using Local and Regional Seismic Data by : A. L. Kafka
Download or read book Estimating Characteristics of Chemical Explosions in New England and Eastern Kazakhstan Using Local and Regional Seismic Data written by A. L. Kafka and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the problems associated with monitoring a comprehensive nuclear test ban treaty is that of discrimination between small explosions and earthquakes based on seismic data. Chemical explosions are used routinely in the mining and construction industries in both the United States and the Soviet Union. These chemical explosions usually occur at very shallow depths (a few tens of feet), and probably are all shallower than a few hundred meters. Most nuclear explosions are detonated at depths of less than about one kilometer, and the deepest underground nuclear explosions are a few kilimeters deep. On the other hand, most earthquakes occur deeper in the earth's crust. Thus, accurate estimation of the depths of seismic sources can be helpful in discriminating earthquakes from explosions. During the past several years, the Principal Investigator (PI) for this summer project has been studying the use of short-period Rayleigh waves (Rg) as a depth discriminant for seismic sources in New England.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-10 with total page 1480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Data Base of Chemical Explosions in Kazakhstan by :
Download or read book Data Base of Chemical Explosions in Kazakhstan written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the bounds of this report, the following works were done: (1) Information about explosion quarries, located in Southern, Eastern and Northern Kasakstan was summarized. (2) The general information about seismicity of areas of location of explosion quarries was adduced. (3) The system of observation and seismic apparatus, recording the local earthquakes and quarry explosions at the territory of Kazakstan were described. (4) Data base of quarry explosions, that were carried out in Southern, Eastern and Northern Kazakstan during 1995 and first half of 1996 year was adduced. (5) Upon the data of registration of explosions in Southern Kazakstan the correlative dependences between power class of explosions and summary weight of charge were constructed. (6) Seismic records of quarry explosions were adduced. It is necessary to note, that the collection of data about quarry explosions in Kazakstan in present time is very difficult task. Organizations, that makes these explosions, are always suffering reorganizations and sometimes it is actually impossible to receive all the necessary information. Some quarries are situated in remote, almost inaccessible regions, and within the bounds of supplier financing not the every quarry was in success to visit. So the present data base upon the chemical explosions for 1995 is not full and in further it's expansion is possible.
Book Synopsis Chemical Explosions and the Discrimination Problem by :
Download or read book Chemical Explosions and the Discrimination Problem written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report is in three sections: Section one describes empirical estimates of yield and tectonic release for 71 underground nuclear explosions conducted at the Shagan River Test Site, Kazakhstan, from 1977 to 1989. The method is based upon teleseismic observations of fundamental mode Love and Rayleigh waves at stations of the GDSN, CDSN, RSTN, and IRIS/USGS GSN. In 1977 as few as five stations were providing data, while in the late 1980's more than 25 stations were operational. Section two makes a case for generating lists of problems events - seismic sources whose signals cannot easily be discriminated - as a mechanism for achieving three goals: (1) encouraging seismologists to contribute data that may help to discriminate events listed; (2) training; and (3) helping to build consensus in the technical community, on what types of problem events are truly intractable with current data Section three describes spectral-temporal characteristics of regional seismograms and shows how they can be used to discriminate between different types of seismic sources. We analyze the high-frequency (1-40 hz) spectral of chemical explosions and earthquakes at local and regional distances to understand the seismic signal characteristics of different types of sources and to find stable discriminators. We evaluate the application of the spectrogram technique to regional seismograms in different geologic settings using data from single explosions, multiple-hole instantaneous explosions, ripple-fired quarry blasts, and earthquakes. The effects on high frequency spectra of local source and recorder site conditions and source to receiver path are also analyzed.
Book Synopsis Seismic Identification Analyses of Cavity Decoupled Nuclear and Chemical Explosions by : John R. Murphy
Download or read book Seismic Identification Analyses of Cavity Decoupled Nuclear and Chemical Explosions written by John R. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quantification of Explosion Source Characteristics from Near Source, Regional and Teleseismic Distances by :
Download or read book Quantification of Explosion Source Characteristics from Near Source, Regional and Teleseismic Distances written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work over the contract period is summarized in four papers: (1) Source Parameter Estimation for Large, Bermed, Surface Chemical Explosions; (2) Seismic Wave Generation by Mine Blasts; (3) Pomona Quarry Seismic Experiment, Near-Source Data; and (4) MISTY ECHO, The Seismic Source Physics Experiment. The first paper attempts to qualify source differences between large surface chemical explosions ranging in yields from 0.075 to 1.65 kilotons. The second paper documents millisecond delay blasting practices in the mining industry and illustrates the effects of these practices on near-source seismic observations. The effects of scatter in design blasting times is illustrated. A set of experiments designed to begin the comparison between single and production mining explosions are described in the third paper. The multiple explosion production shot was documented with high speed photography so that the design and actual firing times of the individual explosions could be compared. The final paper is a preliminary data report describing the first of a series of free field and free surface seismic experiments designed to document the effects of the free surface on seismic radiation from underground nuclear explosions. The particular experiment, MISTY ECHO, was detonated in Rainier Mesa at the Nevada Test Site.
Book Synopsis Bibliography and Index of Geology by :
Download or read book Bibliography and Index of Geology written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 1987-1990 by :
Download or read book U.S. National Report to International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, 1987-1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book U.S. National Report 1987-1990 written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physics Briefs written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 954 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis REGIONAL SEISMIC CHEMICAL AND NUCLEAR EXPLOSION DISCRIMINATION by : V. Johnson
Download or read book REGIONAL SEISMIC CHEMICAL AND NUCLEAR EXPLOSION DISCRIMINATION written by V. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We continue exploring methodologies to improve regional explosion discrimination using the western U.S. as a natural laboratory. The western U.S. has abundant natural seismicity, historic nuclear explosion data, and widespread mine blasts, making it a good testing ground to study the performance of regional explosion discrimination techniques. We have assembled and measured a large set of these events to systematically explore how to best optimize discrimination performance. Nuclear explosions can be discriminated from a background of earthquakes using regional phase (Pn, Pg, Sn, Lg) amplitude measures such as high frequency P/S ratios. The discrimination performance is improved if the amplitudes can be corrected for source size and path length effects. We show good results are achieved using earthquakes alone to calibrate for these effects with the MDAC technique (Walter and Taylor, 2001). We show significant further improvement is then possible by combining multiple MDAC amplitude ratios using an optimized weighting technique such as Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). However this requires data or models for both earthquakes and explosions. In many areas of the world regional distance nuclear explosion data is lacking, but mine blast data is available. Mine explosions are often designed to fracture and/or move rock, giving them different frequency and amplitude behavior than contained chemical shots, which seismically look like nuclear tests. Here we explore discrimination performance differences between explosion types, the possible disparity in the optimization parameters that would be chosen if only chemical explosions were available and the corresponding effect of that disparity on nuclear explosion discrimination. Even after correcting for average path and site effects, regional phase ratios contain a large amount of scatter. This scatter appears to be due to variations in source properties such as depth, focal mechanism, stress drop, in the near source material properties (including emplacement conditions in the case of explosions) and in variations from the average path and site correction. Here we look at several kinds of averaging as a means to try and reduce variance in earthquake and explosion populations and better understand the factors going into a minimum variance level as a function of epicenter (see Anderson ee et al. this volume). We focus on the performance of P/S ratios over the frequency range from 1 to 16 Hz finding some improvements in discrimination as frequency increases. We also explore averaging and optimally combining P/S ratios in multiple frequency bands as a means to reduce variance. Similarly we explore the effects of azimuthally averaging both regional amplitudes and amplitude ratios over multiple stations to reduce variance. Finally we look at optimal performance as a function of magnitude and path length, as these put limits the availability of good high frequency discrimination measures.
Book Synopsis Seismic and Source Characteristics of Large Chemical Explosions. Final Report by :
Download or read book Seismic and Source Characteristics of Large Chemical Explosions. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the very beginning of its arrangement in 1947, the Institute for Dynamics of the Geospheres RAS (former Special Sector of the Institute for physics of the Earth, RAS) was providing scientific observations of effects of nuclear explosions, as well as large-scale detonations of HE, on environment. This report presents principal results of instrumental observations obtained from various large-scale chemical explosions conducted in the Former-Soviet Union in the period of time from 1957 to 1989. Considering principal aim of the work, tamped and equivalent chemical explosions have been selected with total weights from several hundreds to several thousands ton. In particular, the selected explosions were aimed to study scaling law from excavation explosions, seismic effect of tamped explosions, and for dam construction for hydropower stations and soil melioration. Instrumental data on surface explosions of total weight in the same range aimed to test military technics and special objects are not included.
Download or read book Seismological Research Letters written by and published by . This book was released on 1987* with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Regional Seismic Event Characterization Using a Bayesian Kriging Approach by :
Download or read book Regional Seismic Event Characterization Using a Bayesian Kriging Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This effort focuses on collecting and analyzing regional seismic data for earthquakes and underground explosions to improve seismic event characterization capabilities with regard to monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). Digital data have now been acquired and processed for 267 regional recordings of 160 underground nuclear (UNE) and chemical (UCE) explosions. The explosion data set includes 99 Nevada Test Site (NTS) UNE's recorded by MNV and KNB; 6 Lop Nor UNE's recorded by NIL, ZAL, ULN, WMQ, BRVK and MAKZ; 22 Semipalatinsk (STS) UNE's recorded by WMQ and BRVK; 6 Novaya Zemlya (NZ) UNE's recorded by ARCES and KEV; and one UNE at the Indian Test Site recorded by NIL. In addition, the set includes 20 Former Soviet Union (FSU) peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE) recorded by BRVK and KEV; and 6 STS UCE's recorded by ZAL and BRVK. (Note: not all of these explosions have recordings by all stations listed.) Over 5300 regional recordings, between 3 and 17 degrees, by existing seismic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) are also used in this study. The regional recordings correspond to 4173 presumed earthquakes above mb 3.5 in the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB) that were processed at the prototype International Data Center (pIDC). Maximum amplitude measurements of Pn, Pg, Sn and Lg have been computed in several frequency bands ranging from 2 Hz up to 14 Hz (depending on the Nyquist frequency of a given station). The data for the presumed earthquakes have been used to estimate attenuation corrections for Pn/Sn and Pn/Lg amplitude ratios in the 2-4, 4-6, 6-8, and 8-10 Hz passbands for tectonic and stable region types. The regional phase amplitude ratios are further corrected for path variations using a Bayesian Kriging algorithm.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
