Essays On Trade Inequality And Gravity

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Essays on Trade, Inequality, and Gravity

Author : Eldar Sehic
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (959 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Trade, Inequality, and Gravity by : Eldar Sehic

Download or read book Essays on Trade, Inequality, and Gravity written by Eldar Sehic and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is composed of three essays that focus on trade's impacts on inequality. The first essay is an empirical analysis of trade and trade partner inequality, in the context of gravity, covering 128 exporters and 126 importers for years 1982-2000. It reveals import share's negative average effect on income per capita, export share's positive average effect on income per capita, differential effects of trade in favor of more developed countries, and inequality-inducing impact of contemporary trade. The second essay is an empirical analysis of trade and intranational inequality, covering 151 countries for years 1978-2010. It tests three major existing hypotheses that relate the effect of trade openness on intranational inequality. The analysis is then extended to test a non-linear hypothesis, which predicts that the effect of trade openness on intranational inequality is conditional on the level of trade openness. The results indicate that a U shape effect is significant with all three trade openness measures: export share, import share, and trade share. The third essay is a theoretical analysis of trade and international inequality, in the context of dynamic gravity. Key novel expressions are derived: balance condition and barrier-flow dynamic gravity relationship. The balance condition shows that growth of a country's market share and trade ease puts downward pressure on the market share and trade ease of other countries.The barrier-flow dynamic gravity relationship shows that relative trade flows growth rate is inversely proportional to relative trade barriers growth rate. The dissertation contributes to our understanding of trade's impacts on trade partner inequality, intranational inequality, and international inequality.

Essays on Trade and Inequality

Author : Yoshinori Kurokawa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Trade and Inequality by : Yoshinori Kurokawa

Download or read book Essays on Trade and Inequality written by Yoshinori Kurokawa and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays on Growth, Trade and Inequality

Author : Gino A. Gancia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789172659742
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (597 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Growth, Trade and Inequality by : Gino A. Gancia

Download or read book Essays on Growth, Trade and Inequality written by Gino A. Gancia and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Essays In International Trade and Labor Markets

Author : Rodrigo Rodrigues Adão
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (958 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays In International Trade and Labor Markets by : Rodrigo Rodrigues Adão

Download or read book Essays In International Trade and Labor Markets written by Rodrigo Rodrigues Adão and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis develops empirical methodologies to investigate the effect of globalization on welfare and inequality both between- and within-countries. The first essay proposes a Roy-like model where workers are heterogeneous ill terms of their comparative and absolute advantage. We show that the schedules of comparative and absolute advantage (i) determine changes in the average and the variance of the log-wage distribution, and (ii) are nonparamnetrically identified from the cross-regional variation in the sectoral responses of employment and wages to observable sector-level demand shifters. Applying these results, we find that the rise in world commodity prices accounts for 5-10% of the fall in Brazilian wage inequality between 1991 and 2010. The second essay develops a methodology to construct nonparametric counterfactual predictions, free of functional-form restrictions on preferences and technology, in neoclassical models of international trade. First, we establish the equivalence between such models and reduced exchange models in which countries directly exchange factor services. This equivalence implies that, for an arbitrary change in trade costs, counterfactual changes in factor prices, and welfare only depend on the shape of a reduced factor demand system. Second, we provide sufficient conditions for the nionparainetric identification of this system. Together, these results offer a strict generalization of the parametric approach used in so-called gravity models. Finally, we use China's recent integration into the world economy to illustrate tile feasibility of our approach. The third essay investigates the connection between the recent rise in services trade and changes in labor market outcomes in different countries. We develop a theoretical framework where trade in services arises from the spatial unbundling of workers' task output. Transmission costs endogenously determine the magnitude of between-sector task trade both within a country ("outsourcing") and between countries ("offshoring"). We show that, while differentials in sectoral task prices decrease in response to outsourcing, they increase in response to offshoring. The heterogeneity in the composition of workers' task endowments controls responses in between- and within-sector wage inequality across countries.

Trade, Education, and Income Inequality

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (116 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade, Education, and Income Inequality by :

Download or read book Trade, Education, and Income Inequality written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the relationship between countries' bilateral trade with the United States that is not due to gravity (non-gravity trade) and the distribution of income within countries. In countries where only a small share of the population are educated, an increase in non-gravity trade is associated with a significant increase in income inequality. As education of the population increases the correlation between non-gravity trade and income inequality becomes smaller. Non-gravity trade has no significant effect on income inequality in countries that are world leaders in education.

The Global Trade Slowdown

Author : Cristina Constantinescu
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498399134
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)

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Book Synopsis The Global Trade Slowdown by : Cristina Constantinescu

Download or read book The Global Trade Slowdown written by Cristina Constantinescu and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper focuses on the sluggish growth of world trade relative to income growth in recent years. The analysis uses an empirical strategy based on an error correction model to assess whether the global trade slowdown is structural or cyclical. An estimate of the relationship between trade and income in the past four decades reveals that the long-term trade elasticity rose sharply in the 1990s, but declined significantly in the 2000s even before the global financial crisis. These results suggest that trade is growing slowly not only because of slow growth of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), but also because of a structural change in the trade-GDP relationship in recent years. The available evidence suggests that the explanation may lie in the slowing pace of international vertical specialization rather than increasing protection or the changing composition of trade and GDP.

Essays on Political Economy

Author : Frédéric Bastiat
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Essays on Political Economy by : Frédéric Bastiat

Download or read book Essays on Political Economy written by Frédéric Bastiat and published by . This book was released on 1853 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reducing Inequalities

Author : Rémi Genevey
Publisher : The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
ISBN 13 : 8179935302
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (799 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing Inequalities by : Rémi Genevey

Download or read book Reducing Inequalities written by Rémi Genevey and published by The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI). This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reduction of inequalities within and between countries stands as a policy goal, and deserves to take centre stage in the design of the Sustainable Development Goals agreed during the Rio+20 Summit in 2012.The 2013 edition of A Planet for Life represents a unique international initiative grounded on conceptual and strategic thinking, and â€“ most importantly â€“ empirical experiments, conducted on five continents and touching on multiple realities. This unprecedented collection of works proposes a solid empirical approach, rather than an ideological one, to inform future debate.The case studies collected in this volume demonstrate the complexity of the new systems required to accommodate each country's specific economic, political and cultural realities. These systems combine technical, financial, legal, fiscal and organizational elements with a great deal of applied expertise, and are articulated within a clear, well-understood, growth- and job-generating development strategy.Inequality reduction does not occur by decree; neither does it automatically arise through economic growth, nor through policies that equalize incomes downward via ill conceived fiscal policies. Inequality reduction involves a collaborative effort that must motivate all concerned parties, one that constitutes a genuine political and social innovation, and one that often runs counter to prevailing political and economic forces.

Trade Integration in Latin America: A Network Perspective

Author : Ms.Kimberly Beaton
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1484303660
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (843 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade Integration in Latin America: A Network Perspective by : Ms.Kimberly Beaton

Download or read book Trade Integration in Latin America: A Network Perspective written by Ms.Kimberly Beaton and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The paper applies a network analysis framework to analyze the regional and global integration of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. We compare network-based measures of trade integration to conventional measures, decomposing integration along several dimensions to better understand the sources of trade connectivity and their impact on growth. The paper finds that LAC countries are relatively well integrated in terms of links to diversified markets, but the strength of those links is weak. Comparing trade integration to predictions from gravity models, we find many LAC countries have significant scope to improve connectivity and increase their roles in regional and world trade networks.

Trade, Poverty, Inequality and Security

Author : Dawood Mamoon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789042303553
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade, Poverty, Inequality and Security by : Dawood Mamoon

Download or read book Trade, Poverty, Inequality and Security written by Dawood Mamoon and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Gravity Model in International Trade

Author : Peter A. G. van Bergeijk
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139488287
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis The Gravity Model in International Trade by : Peter A. G. van Bergeijk

Download or read book The Gravity Model in International Trade written by Peter A. G. van Bergeijk and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-06-10 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do borders affect trade? Are cultural and institutional differences important for trade? Is environmental policy relevant to trade? How does one's income or wage relate to the fact that trade partners are nearby or far away? These are just some of the important questions that can be answered using the gravity model of international trade. This model predicts and explains bilateral trade flows in terms of the economic size and distance between trading partners (e.g. states, regions, countries, trading blocs). In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in this model and it is now one of the most widely applied tools in applied international economics. This book traces the history of the gravity model and takes stock of recent methodological and theoretical advances, including new approximations for multilateral trade resistance, insightful analyses of the measurement of economic distance and analyses of foreign direct investment.

Handbook of International Economics

Author : R.W. Jones
Publisher : North Holland
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of International Economics by : R.W. Jones

Download or read book Handbook of International Economics written by R.W. Jones and published by North Holland. This book was released on 1984 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textbook, research papers on international economic theory, economic policy and practice - includes a literature survey of theoretical studies in trade relations; covers evolution of economic models explaining the determinants of trade structure, capital flow, labour mobility, trade in natural resources, etc.; examines macroeconomics aspects of balance of payments, exchange rate, international monetary system, economic relations and dependence, etc. Bibliography, graphs, statistical tables.

Trade in the 21st Century

Author : Bernard M. Hoekman
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815729057
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Trade in the 21st Century by : Bernard M. Hoekman

Download or read book Trade in the 21st Century written by Bernard M. Hoekman and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2021-01-19 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite troubled trade negotiations, global trade—and trade policy—will thrive in the twenty-first century, but with a bow to the past. Is the multilateral trading order of the twentieth century a historical artifact? Was the creation of the World Trade Organization in 1995 the high point of multilateral cooperation on trade? This new volume, edited by Bernard M. Hoekman and Ernesto Zedillo, assesses the relevance of the WTO in the context of the rise of China and the United States' turn toward unilateral protectionism. The contributors adopt a historical perspective to discuss changes in global trade policy trends, adducing lessons from the past to help understand current trade tensions. Topics include responses to U.S. protectionism under the Trump administration, the policy dimensions of trade in services and the rise of the digital economy, how to strengthen the WTO to better negotiate new rules of the game and adjudicate disputes, managing China's integration into the global trade system, and the implications of global value chains for economic development policies. By reflecting on past episodes of protectionism and how they were resolved, Trade in the 21st Century provides both context and guidance on how trade challenges can be addressed in the coming decades.

A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis

Author : Marc Bacchetta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789287038128
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis by : Marc Bacchetta

Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

Understanding Globalization Through the Lens of Gravity

Author : Jeffrey H. Bergstrand
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9789811202261
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Understanding Globalization Through the Lens of Gravity by : Jeffrey H. Bergstrand

Download or read book Understanding Globalization Through the Lens of Gravity written by Jeffrey H. Bergstrand and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1962, economists have used the "gravity equation" in international trade to explain empirically bilateral international trade flows, and have since more recently adopted the gravity model to explain foreign direct investment stocks. Motivated by its empirical success, Jeffrey H. Bergstrand provided one of the earliest formal theoretical foundations for the gravity equation in international trade in 1985. Since then, the gravity equation has become a fundamental element of international trade theory, empirical work, and policy analysis, especially of the effects of economic integration agreements and tariffs on trade flows and welfare. Understanding Globalization Through the Lens of Gravity is a curated collection of Bergstrand's published papers over the 30 years since his first paper on the theme of gravity. In four parts, the 17 papers span topics such as the determinants of international trade flows, economic determinants of free trade agreements, estimating the effects of economic integration agreements on trade flows, and economic determinants of multinational firms' foreign direct investment stocks, foreign affiliate sales and governments' bilateral investment treaties.

The Political Economy of Trade Policy

Author : Robert C. Feenstra
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262061865
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (618 download)

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Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Trade Policy by : Robert C. Feenstra

Download or read book The Political Economy of Trade Policy written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papers by former students and colleagues celebrates the profound impact that Jagdish Bhagwati has had on the field of international economics over the past three decades. Bhagwati, who is the Arthur Lehman Professor of Economics at Columbia University, has made pathbreaking contributions to the theory of international trade and commercial policy, including immiserizing growth, domestic distortions, economic development, and political economy. His success and influence as a teacher and mentor is widely recognized among students at both MIT and Columbia, and as founder of the Journal of International Economics, he has encouraged research on many questions of theoretical and policy relevance. The political economy of trade policy, Bhagwati's most recent area of interest, is the theme of this collection which addresses salient topics including market distortions, income distribution, and the political process of policy-making. Sections and Contributors Market Distortions, T. N. Srinivasan. Paul A. Samuelson. Paul R. Krugman * Trade and Income Distribution, Douglas A. Irwin. Richard A. Brecher and Ehsan U. Choudri. Robert C. Feenstra and Gordon H. Hanson. Earl L. Grinols * Perspectives on Political Economy, Robert E. Baldwin. Peter Diamond * Models of Political Economy and Trade, Gene M. Grossman and Elhana Helpman. John Douglas Wilson. B. Peter Rosendorff. Arvind Panagariya and Ronald Findlay

Mission Economy

Author : Mariana Mazzucato
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0063046261
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (63 download)

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Book Synopsis Mission Economy by : Mariana Mazzucato

Download or read book Mission Economy written by Mariana Mazzucato and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Longlisted for the 2021 Porchlight Business Book Awards, Big Ideas & New Perspectives “She offers something both broad and scarce: a compelling new story about how to create a desirable future.”—New York Times An award-winning author and leading international economist delivers a hard-hitting and much needed critique of modern capitalism in which she argues that, to solve the massive crises facing us, we must be innovative—we must use collaborative, mission-oriented thinking while also bringing a stakeholder view of public private partnerships which means not only taking risks together but also sharing the rewards. Capitalism is in crisis. The rich have gotten richer—the 1 percent, those with more than $1 million, own 44 percent of the world's wealth—while climate change is transforming—and in some cases wiping out—life on the planet. We are plagued by crises threatening our lives, and this situation is unsustainable. But how do we fix these problems decades in the making? Mission Economy looks at the grand challenges facing us in a radically new way. Global warming, pollution, dementia, obesity, gun violence, mobility—these environmental, health, and social dilemmas are huge, complex, and have no simple solutions. Mariana Mazzucato argues we need to think bigger and mobilize our resources in a way that is as bold as inspirational as the moon landing—this time to the most ‘wicked’ social problems of our time.. We can only begin to find answers if we fundamentally restructure capitalism to make it inclusive, sustainable, and driven by innovation that tackles concrete problems from the digital divide, to health pandemics, to our polluted cities. That means changing government tools and culture, creating new markers of corporate governance, and ensuring that corporations, society, and the government coalesce to share a common goal. We did it to go to the moon. We can do it again to fix our problems and improve the lives of every one of us. We simply can no longer afford not to.