Essays On Obesity In Low And Middle Income Countries

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Energy Balance and Obesity

Author : Isabelle Romieu
Publisher : IARC Working Group Report
ISBN 13 : 9789283225195
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (251 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Balance and Obesity by : Isabelle Romieu

Download or read book Energy Balance and Obesity written by Isabelle Romieu and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.

Food policies and obesity in low and middle income countries

Author : Abay, Kibrom A.
Publisher : Intl Food Policy Res Inst
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Food policies and obesity in low and middle income countries by : Abay, Kibrom A.

Download or read book Food policies and obesity in low and middle income countries written by Abay, Kibrom A. and published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst. This book was released on 2020-04-10 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the public health implication of fiscal policies is crucial to combat recently increasing overweight and obesity rates in many low-and-middle income countries (LMICs). This study examines the implication of food policies, mainly tariff rates on “unhealthy” foods, including sugar and confectionery products as well as fats and oils, and governments’ subsidies on individuals’ body weight outcomes. We compile several macro- and micro-level datasets that provide for several LMICs macro-level information on food policies and micro-level anthropometric data. We exploit temporal dynamics in tariff rates on “unhealthy” foods and governments’ spending on subsidies to estimate fixed effects models characterizing the evolution of body weight outcomes. We find that temporal dynamics in tariff rates on unhealthy and energy-dense foods are significantly and negatively associated with body weight. Conditional on several observable and time-invariant unobservable factors, a decrease in tariff rates on sugar and confectionary foods or fats and oils is associated with an increase in overweight and obesity rates. On the other hand, an increase in subsidy rates, as a share of government expenditure, is significantly associated with higher overweight and obesity rates. Interestingly, we find that the implications of these food policies are more pronounced among poorer individuals. This is intuitive because relatively poorer households are more likely to spend a larger share of their income on food consumption or unhealthy foods, and these types of households are beneficiaries of government subsidies in many LMICs. These findings have important implications for informing public health policies in LMICs, which are experiencing an unprecedented rise in overweight and obesity rates.

Obesity Epidemiology

Author : Frank Hu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199718474
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (997 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity Epidemiology by : Frank Hu

Download or read book Obesity Epidemiology written by Frank Hu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-21 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past twenty years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. An estimated thirty percent of adults in the US are obese; in 1980, only fifteen percent were. The issue is gaining greater attention with the CDC and with the public health world in general. This book will offer practical information about the methodology of epidemiologic studies of obesity, suitable for graduate students and researchers in epidemiology, and public health practitioners with an interest in the issue. The book will be structured in four main sections, with the majority of chapters authored by Dr. Hu, and some authored by specialists in specific areas. The first section will consider issues surrounding the definition of obesity, measurement techniques, and the designs of epidemiologic studies. The second section will address the consequences of obesity, looking at epidemiologic studies that focus on cardio-vascular disease, diabetes, and cancer The third section will look at determinants obesity, reviewing a wide range of risk factors for obesity including diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, sleep disorders, psychosocial factors, physical environment, biochemical and genetic predictors, and intrauterine exposures. In the final section, the author will discuss the analytical issues and challenges for epidemiologic studies of obesity.

U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264146
Total Pages : 421 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council

Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.

A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions

Author : Claudine Burton-Jeangros
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331920484X
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions by : Claudine Burton-Jeangros

Download or read book A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions written by Claudine Burton-Jeangros and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-11 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time. The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.

Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries

Author : Maria-Luisa Escobar
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 0815705468
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (157 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries by : Maria-Luisa Escobar

Download or read book Impact of Health Insurance in Low- and Middle-income Countries written by Maria-Luisa Escobar and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past twenty years, many low- and middle-income countries have experimented with health insurance options. While their plans have varied widely in scale and ambition, their goals are the same: to make health services more affordable through the use of public subsidies while also moving care providers partially or fully into competitive markets. Until now, however, we have known little about the actual effects of these dramatic policy changes. Understanding the impact of health insurance-based care is key to the public policy debate of whether to extend insurance to low-income populationsand if so, how to do itor to serve them through other means.

Communities in Action

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.

Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5)

Author : Dorairaj Prabhakaran
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464805202
Total Pages : 948 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5) by : Dorairaj Prabhakaran

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 5) written by Dorairaj Prabhakaran and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cardiovascular, respiratory, and related conditions cause more than 40 percent of all deaths globally, and their substantial burden is rising, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Their burden extends well beyond health effects to include significant economic and societal consequences. Most of these conditions are related, share risk factors, and have common control measures at the clinical, population, and policy levels. Lives can be extended and improved when these diseases are prevented, detected, and managed. This volume summarizes current knowledge and presents evidence-based interventions that are effective, cost-effective, and scalable in LMICs.

Investment in Women's Human Capital

Author : T. Paul Schultz
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226740874
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (48 download)

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Book Synopsis Investment in Women's Human Capital by : T. Paul Schultz

Download or read book Investment in Women's Human Capital written by T. Paul Schultz and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-06-15 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How are human capital investments allocated between women and men? What are the returns to investments in women's nutrition, health care, education, mobility, and training? In thirteen wide-ranging and innovative empirical analyses, Investment in Women's Human Capital explores the nature of human capital distributions to women and their effect on outcomes within the family. Section I considers the experiences of high-income countries, examining the limitations of industrialization for the advancement of women; returns to secondary education for women; and state control of women's education and labor market productivity through the design of tax systems and the public subsidy of children. The remaining four sections investigate health, education, household structure and labor markets, and measurement issues in low-income countries, including the effect of technological change on transfers of wealth to and from children in India; women's and men's responses to the costs of medical care in Kenya; the effects of birth order and sex on educational attainment in Taiwan; wage returns to schooling in Indonesia and in Cote d'Ivoire; and the increasing prevalence of female-headed households and the correlates of gender differences in wages in Brazil.

Adiposity

Author : Jan Gordeladze
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535129953
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Adiposity by : Jan Gordeladze

Download or read book Adiposity written by Jan Gordeladze and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first in a series of two, featuring the Adiposity - Epidemiology and Treatment Modalities, serving as a summary of the traditional views on how the organ systems are affected when higher organs start to suffer from enhanced body weight, where most of this additional weight consists of white adipose tissue (WAT). The understanding of the "epidemiology" of obesity will consequently enable clinicians and researchers to better understand the untoward "trends" of "metabolic aberrations" from a well-organized and health-bringing homeostasis, with fully responding WAT and BAT, thus enabling a balance between fat-producing and fat-metabolizing tissues for the benefit of the various organ systems taking care of the fat and carbohydrate metabolism, normally yielding a balanced energy turnover, ensuring "healthy" cell phenotypes, which optimally coordinate the energy metabolism in a well-functioning organism throughout a lifetime.

International Handbook of Population Aging

Author : Peter Uhlenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402083564
Total Pages : 758 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis International Handbook of Population Aging by : Peter Uhlenberg

Download or read book International Handbook of Population Aging written by Peter Uhlenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Handbook of Population Aging examines research on a wide array of the profound implications of population aging. It demonstrates how the world is changing through population aging, and how demography is changing in response to it.

Obesogenic Environments

Author : Amelia Lake
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1444347829
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesogenic Environments by : Amelia Lake

Download or read book Obesogenic Environments written by Amelia Lake and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-09 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a world where obesity has now reached epidemic proportions, a thorough understanding of the underlying causes of the problem is essential if society, public health initiatives and government policies are to successfully address the issue. The obesogenic environment describes all the possible influences that our environment presents which encourage overweight and obesity in individuals and populations. Beginning with an overarching introduction to obesity and its implications for health and wellbeing, the book will move on to consider such crucial areas as eating behaviours and food environments, physical activity and the environment, the urban environment, methods, policy and future research directions. Brings together expertise from across a range of disciplines Written by a truly multidisciplinary team of international authors Presents some of the most innovative thinking in the battle against obesity This groundbreaking book brings together for the first time the knowledge of experts with backgrounds in nutrition and dietetics, policy, epidemiology, environmental sciences, medical sciences, town planning and urban design, transport, geography and physical activity in order to offer a multidisciplinary approach to public health, suggesting new and exciting ways to shape our environment to better support healthful decisions.

Demography of Aging

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309050855
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Demography of Aging by : National Research Council

Download or read book Demography of Aging written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the United States and the rest of the world face the unprecedented challenge of aging populations, this volume draws together for the first time state-of-the-art work from the emerging field of the demography of aging. The nine chapters, written by experts from a variety of disciplines, highlight data sources and research approaches, results, and proposed strategies on a topic with major policy implications for labor forces, economic well-being, health care, and the need for social and family supports.

Improving Outcomes for Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries

Author : Kenneth A. LaBresh
Publisher : RTI Press
ISBN 13 : 1934831174
Total Pages : 139 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (348 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Outcomes for Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries by : Kenneth A. LaBresh

Download or read book Improving Outcomes for Noncommunicable Diseases in Low- and Middle-Income Countries written by Kenneth A. LaBresh and published by RTI Press. This book was released on 2016-08-29 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the main cause of death worldwide. In addition, the incidence, prevalence, and death rates from NCDs are expected to increase in the future. No single discipline can address the issues of prevention, early detection, access to care, and appropriate treatment that are needed to improve outcomes for NCDs; this growing need will require transdisciplinary collaborations. Improving outcomes in NCDs is clearly a difficult endeavor that will require significant efforts. However, previous research and program implementation indicate that improving outcomes for NCDs is an achievable goal. Given the tremendous impact of NCDs on morbidity, mortality, and costs worldwide, there is little doubt that efforts to improve NDC outcomes are much needed. Recognizing the importance of new strategies and interventions addressing NCDS globally, RTI funded the projects described here to assess how the institute’s range of expertise could be focused on the reduction of NCDs. The projects described in this book focus on the risk factors or treatment (or both) of one or more of the four NCDs that are responsible for the greatest impact on morbidity and mortality: cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory diseases. The pilot projects were carried out in low- and middle-income countries, which are disproportionately affected by NCDs. The lessons learned from these initial pilot projects have great potential to be increased in their scale and reduce the devastating impact of noncommunicable diseases.

Obesity

Author : Alexandra A. Brewis
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 081354890X
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis Obesity by : Alexandra A. Brewis

Download or read book Obesity written by Alexandra A. Brewis and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction: the problem with obesity -- Defining obesity -- Obesity and human adaptation -- The distribution of risk -- Culture and body ideals -- Big-body symbolism, meanings, and norms -- Conclusion: the big picture.

Future Directions for the Demography of Aging

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309474108
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Future Directions for the Demography of Aging by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Future Directions for the Demography of Aging written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-07-21 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost 25 years have passed since the Demography of Aging (1994) was published by the National Research Council. Future Directions for the Demography of Aging is, in many ways, the successor to that original volume. The Division of Behavioral and Social Research at the National Institute on Aging (NIA) asked the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to produce an authoritative guide to new directions in demography of aging. The papers published in this report were originally presented and discussed at a public workshop held in Washington, D.C., August 17-18, 2017. The workshop discussion made evident that major new advances had been made in the last two decades, but also that new trends and research directions have emerged that call for innovative conceptual, design, and measurement approaches. The report reviews these recent trends and also discusses future directions for research on a range of topics that are central to current research in the demography of aging. Looking back over the past two decades of demography of aging research shows remarkable advances in our understanding of the health and well-being of the older population. Equally exciting is that this report sets the stage for the next two decades of innovative researchâ€"a period of rapid growth in the older American population.

Food, Diet and Obesity

Author : D Mela
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1845690540
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (456 download)

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Book Synopsis Food, Diet and Obesity by : D Mela

Download or read book Food, Diet and Obesity written by D Mela and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-10-14 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global obesity epidemic is arguably the most serious health issue facing the food industry today. Food manufacturers are under increasing pressure over both the degree to which they are seen as contributing to the problem, and the role they should play in solving it. Drawing on the expertise of many of the world's leading experts in this area, Food, diet and obesity summarises the key research on the links between obesity and diet. Topics discussed include trends in obesity, the evidence behind popular diets and meal replacers, the effectiveness of fat and sugar replacers in food, emerging issues such as the value of the glycemic index, protein content and calcium in weight control, and potential functional food targets and ingredients for weight control.After an introductory chapter on global trends in obesity, part one looks at the range of contributing factors to obesity, from nutrient-gene interactions, energy metabolism and physical activity to sensory responses to food, portion size and the psychology of overeating. Part two looks at macronutrients and their role in weight gain or loss, with chapters on topics such as energy density, dietary fat, carbohydrates, protein and dietary fibre. The final part of the book discusses issues in developing effective strategies for weight control, from gaining consumer acceptance of weight-control food products, through functional food ingredients, to community-based public health approaches in preventing obesity.With its distinguished editor and contributors, Food, diet and obesity is a standard work for health professionals, nutritionists and R&D staff throughout the food industry, as well as all those concerned with understanding and reducing obesity. - Summarises key research which links diet and obesity - Trends in obesity are examined - Contributory factors to obesity are investigated, including lifestyle and genetics