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Author : Sean Michael Orzol
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Essays in children's access to health care written by Sean Michael Orzol and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kathleen Ngar-Gee Wong
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124101125
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Essays on Children's Health and Education Policies written by Kathleen Ngar-Gee Wong and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation is comprised of three independent research papers, which broadly focuses on the introduction and outcomes of policies concerning children's health and education. Although the chapters are related in theme, the objective, scope and empirical strategy of each paper differs. The first chapter, "How Did SCHIP Affect the Insurance Coverage of Immigrants Children?" (with Thomas Buchmueller and Anthony Lo Sasso), focuses on the passage of the State Children's Health Insurance Program in the late 1990s, which expanded public insurance eligibility and coverage for children in "working poor families". Despite this success, over 6 million children are eligible for public insurance, but remain uninsured. The study focuses on children born to immigrant parents because of their low rates of insurance coverage and unique enrollment barriers. The results indicate SCHIP was successful in increasing overall insurance take-up and in reducing disparities in access to health insurance coverage. The second chapter, "Looking Beyond Test Score Gains" determines whether the introduction of school accountability programs (prior to the No Child Left Behind Act in 2001) affected individuals' educational attainment and labor market outcomes. The effects are evaluated along two dimensions: differences in the length of program exposure and variation in program quality. The results indicate school accountability had mixed success in increasing outcomes across gender and racial/ethnic groups. They also suggest the heterogeneous treatment effects are consistent with some of the unintended consequences documented in the school accountability literature. The third chapter, "The Role of Education on Health Behaviors, Investments and Outcomes", uses a new combination of instrumental variables to predict individuals' schooling and determine whether there is a causal effect of education on young adults' health behaviors. The instruments rely on changes to state policies, dating back to the 1970s, that dictate when children are permitted to start and stop attending school. The results indicate education not only decreases the likelihood of smoking, heavy drinking and obesity, but affects the frequency of these behaviors and degree of obesity. Education also promotes behaviors that are akin to health investments, such as increasing sunscreen use and the receipt of preventive services.
Author : Zuleyha Neziroglu Cidav
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (312 download)
Download or read book Empirical Essays on Health Care for Children and Families written by Zuleyha Neziroglu Cidav and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three empirical essays investigating different aspects of health care for children and families. The first essay examines the effectiveness of adherence to American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines for preventive pediatric health care. Using a national longitudinal sample of children age two years and younger, we investigate whether compliance with prescribed periodic well-child care visits has beneficial effects on child health. We find that increased compliance improves child health. In particular, higher compliance lowers future risks of fair or poor health, of some history of a serious illness and of having a health limitation. The second essay examines child health care utilization in relation to maternal labor supply. We test the hypothesis that working-mothers trade off the advantages of greater income against the disadvantages of less time for other valuable tasks, such as seeking health care for their children. This tradeoff may result in positive, negative, or no net impacts on child health investment. We estimate health care demand regressions that include separate variables for mother's labor supply and her labor income. Our results indicate that higher maternal work hours reduce child health care visits; higher maternal earnings increase them. In addition, wage-employment, as opposed to self-employment, is detrimental to child health investment. A further finding is that preventive care demand for younger children is less sensitive to maternal time and income changes. We also find that detrimental time effects dominate beneficial income effects. The third essay studies intra-household resource allocation as it pertains to its demand for preventive medical care. We test the income-pooling hypothesis of the common preference model by using individual specific medical care consumption data and present evidence on the allocation of household resources to the medical needs of the child, husband and wife. Our results are in line with the findings of previous studies that emphasize the ongoing importance of the traditional gender role of woman as the primary caregiver. We find that the resources of the wife have a greater positive impact on child's and her own preventive care demand than does the resources of the husband. In contrast to most studies from developing countries, we find that US families do not exhibit differential health care demand based on child gender. It is also noteworthy that the wife's education level has a greater positive impact than that of her husband does on both the husband's and her own preventive care utilization.
Author : Maki Ueyama
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book Three Essays On Children's Health Care Use And Health written by Maki Ueyama and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The early years of children's lives are crucial to their future health and development. Disparities in health and skills that emerge during children's first few years increase with age. Many factors affect children's health. At an individual level, mother's education is an influential factor. At a societal level, public policies affect children's surrounding environment that influences their health. Therefore it is critical that public policies and other determinants of children's health be studied carefully. As a nation, U.S. has made significant improvements in children's health over the past century. However, there is a significant increase in the number of children in the U.S. today that suffer from conditions and diseases that have emerged in recent years, including asthma and obesity. These conditions are impediments to children's healthy development and have long lasting effects. Investment in children's health yields long term payoffs at the individual as well as societal levels. Healthy children have more opportunities to succeed in schools and more likely to become healthy, productive adults. Benefits extend to society as a whole including reduced dependency and disability, a healthier future workforce, and consequently a stronger economy. Due to these reasons, it is important to understand how health care use and health among children in the U.S. have been affected by some of their key determinants in recent decades. This dissertation is divided into three chapters. The first chapter examines the feasibility of using compulsory schooling policies as instruments for mother's schooling to examine the causal effect of mother's schooling on children's health care use and health. The second chapter examines the causal effect of insurance coverage on children's health care use and health using evidence from the Medicaid and SCHIP expansions. The third chapter examines the causal effect of welfare reform on children's health care use and health. Findings from this dissertation provide informative insights on key factors that shape children's health and wellbeing and highlight important methodological issues involving such empirical research.
Author : Grace Hye-eun Hwang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (114 download)
Download or read book Essays in the Impact of Early Life Access to Public Programs written by Grace Hye-eun Hwang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In these essays, I study the effects of prenatal or early life access to public programs on subsequent health outcomes, employing quasi-experimental research settings derived from several exogenous changes in public policies: (1) the Unborn Child Option of the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP), (2) the Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act (CHIPRA) of 2009, and (3) the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program. In the first chapter, I examine the causal effects of in utero public health insurance on child health beyond birth outcomes. The implementation of the Unborn Child Option (UCO) as part of the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) provides a unique opportunity to isolate the causal effects of in utero public health insurance on child health beyond birth outcomes. The UCO allowed previously ineligible pregnant noncitizens to obtain public health insurance for prenatal care. Regardless of the reform, U.S.-born children of these women receive birthright citizenship and become eligible for public health insurance if their household income is low enough. Thus, the only thing changed by the reform is access to in utero public health insurance, holding post-birth coverage constant. Using state-level variation in whether and when the UCO was adopted, I find that the reform caused improvement in children's health and development. Interestingly, it only appears from preschooler ages while no improvement is shown at earlier periods. I accordingly provide suggestive evidence on one possible mechanism: the improved maternal mental health during pregnancy. In the second chapter, I study the effects of public health insurance in the prenatal period on health outcomes in early childhood. The Children's Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009 (CHIPRA) new option eliminated the five-year waiting period for Medicaid and CHIP eligibility that had been imposed on pregnant noncitizens since the 1996 welfare reform. The results show that CHIPRA new option caused an improvement in children's health. Children who were eligible in utero have a 13% better parent-reported health status compared to those who were not. Additional analysis shows that this improvement was due to the take-up of CHIPRA new option. In the third chapter, we study how an early life nutrition program affects health and economic outcomes in adulthood. The Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is intended to improve the nutritional well-being of low-income pregnant and post-partum women, infants, and children, by giving food vouchers for specific items with key nutrients. We utilize variation across counties in the date of implementation of the WIC program to identify the impact of the program on later life health and economic outcomes. Using geocoded data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we find that early life exposure to the WIC program caused a lower incidence of high blood pressure and asthma in adulthood, while no clear improvement is shown in economic outcomes.
Author : Daniela Zapata Sapiencia
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (848 download)
Download or read book Essays on Health Insurance Coverage and Food Assistance Programs written by Daniela Zapata Sapiencia and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Empirical work shows that health insurance coverage improves children's health and that healthier children have better educational and labor market outcomes. This suggests that the benefits of higher insurance rates among children go beyond improvements in health. However, there are no investigations in the United States that track the long-term socioeconomic benefits of health insurance coverage during childhood. Using data from the Children of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to estimate family fixed effects models, I find evidence that health insurance coverage at ages 0-4 has a positive effect on test scores in mathematics, reading recognition, reading comprehension, and vocabulary at ages 5-14. The second essay in this dissertation, co-authored with Charles Courtemanche, investigates the effect of the Massachusetts health care reform on self-reported health. The main objective of this reform was to achieve universal health insurance coverage through a combination of insurance market reforms, mandates, and subsidies. This reform was later used as a model for the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA). Using individual-level data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and a difference in differences estimation strategy, this essay provides evidence that this reform led to better overall self-assessed health. Several determinants of overall health, including physical health, mental health, functional limitations, joint disorders, body mass index, and moderate physical activity also improved. Public food assistance programs share the fundamental goal of helping needy and vulnerable people in the U.S. obtain access to nutritious foods that they might not otherwise be able to afford. These programs also have other objectives, such as improving recipients' health, furthering children's development and school performance. To investigate these broader impacts, the third chapter of this dissertation, co-authored with David Ribar, examines the relationship between participation in food assistance programs, family routines and time use. Results from fixed effects models estimated using longitudinal data from the Three-City Study indicate that SNAP participation is negatively associated with homework routines. WIC participation on the other hand, is positively associated with family routines in general and with dinner routines, homework routines, and family-time routines in particular."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.
Author : Action for Sick Children
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (61 download)
Download or read book A Collection of Essays on Children's Healthcare written by Action for Sick Children and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Action for Sick Children
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (415 download)
Download or read book Student Pack written by Action for Sick Children and published by . This book was released on 1999* with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jeremy Craig Green
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (879 download)
Download or read book Essays on Public Policy and Child Health Care written by Jeremy Craig Green and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Youjin Hahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781124703442
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Essays on Health Insurance and Education written by Youjin Hahn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of my research is to explore ways to improve the welfare of populations that are targeted by public programs. In particular, my thesis consists of three chapters on health insurance and education. The first chapter looks at Medicaid take-up decisions among poor children. Medicaid is public health insurance that is available to low income individuals, and it is provided freely by the government. However, there is a puzzling observation that many low-income children are uninsured despite their eligibility for Medicaid. As one possible explanation, I propose that the low level of access to health care that Medicaid provides can explain incomplete take-up. Existing literature suggests that the low level of Medicaid fee payments to physicians reduces their willingness to see Medicaid patients, creating an access-to-care problem for these patients. Using variation in the timing of the changes in Medicaid payments across states, I find that improving Medicaid generosity increases the take-up rate and reduces the uninsured rate among poor children. These findings provide a partial explanation for why Medicaid-eligible children in poverty remain uninsured. While my first chapter focuses on traditional means-tested public health insurance which targets mainly low income families, the second chapter explores the issues with a more recent intervention that extends beyond low income families. In recent years, several states have allowed young adults as old as 30 to remain covered under their parents' employer-provided health insurance. For those who qualify for these benefits, the expansion of parental coverage partially reduces the value of being employed by a firm that provides health insurance since adult children can now get health insurance through another channel. We employ quasi-experimental variation in the timing and generosity of states' eligibility rules to identify the effect of the policy change on young adults' labor market choices. Our results suggest that the expansion of parental coverage increases the group coverage rate and reduces labor supply among young adults, particularly in full-time employment. The third chapter analyzes the effect of educational tracking by decomposing it into the separate roles of peer effects and coursework. The practice of tracking often results not only in grouping students by different ability, but also in providing different types of coursework for students. For instance, the advanced track may have both higher achieving peers and higher level coursework. Using detailed panel data from the San Diego Unified School district, I find that having high achieving peer is beneficial, while I do not find convincing evidence that taking more advanced math coursework predicts student's test score.
Author : Committee on Children, Health Insurance, and Access to Care
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309520541
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book America's Children written by Committee on Children, Health Insurance, and Access to Care and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1998-11-10 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America's Children is a comprehensive, easy-to-read analysis of the relationship between health insurance and access to care. The book addresses three broad questions: How is children's health care currently financed? Does insurance equal access to care? How should the nation address the health needs of this vulnerable population? America's Children explores the changing role of Medicaid under managed care; state-initiated and private sector children's insurance programs; specific effects of insurance status on the care children receive; and the impact of chronic medical conditions and special health care needs. It also examines the status of "safety net" health providers, including community health centers, children's hospitals, school-based health centers, and others and reviews the changing patterns of coverage and tax policy options to increase coverage of private-sector, employer-based health insurance. In response to growing public concerns about uninsured children, last year Congress voted to provide $24 billion over five years for new state insurance initiatives. This volume will serve as a primer for concerned federal policymakers and regulators, state agency officials, health plan decisionmakers, health care providers, children's health advocates, and researchers.
Author : Richard Takyi Amoah
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (711 download)
Download or read book Essays on the Effects of Health Insurance and Education on Child Health and Fertility written by Richard Takyi Amoah and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: My dissertation evaluates the effects of health and education reforms on child health and fertility. The first chapter examines the short and long run impacts of insurance on child health by exploiting the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Ghana that was introduced in 2005. The reform was aimed at increasing access to health care by removing user fees. Using distance to the registration center as an instrument, I employ an instrumental variable strategy to evaluate the effects of the reform. My results in the first stage suggest that living closer to a registration center increases mother's probability of insurance. In the second stage, my results suggest that insurance affects child health in both the short and long runs. In the short run, insurance decreases 7-day and 1-month mortalities by 15 and 16 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. In the long run, insurance decreases 1-year and 5-year mortalities by 44 and 88 deaths per 1000 live births, respectively. Following the reform, I also find improved health among children who survive. I find that children born after the reform are 23 and 8 percentage points less likely to be stunted and wasted, respectively. Examining possible pathways through which insurance affects health, I also find that insurance increases facility births, antenatal visits, and vaccination rates. Also, women with insurance sought early care during pregnancy and after delivery.
Author : Rebecca Lowenhaupt
Publisher : IAP
ISBN 13 : 1648025226
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Parenting in the Pandemic written by Rebecca Lowenhaupt and published by IAP. This book was released on 2021-05-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In March of 2020, our daily lives were upended by the COVID pandemic and subsequent school closures. With work and school shifting online, a new and ongoing set of demands has been placed on parents as school moved to online, virtual and hybrid models of learning. Families need to balance professional responsibilities with parenting and supporting their children’s education. As education professors, we find ourselves in a particular position as our expertise collides with the reality of schooling our own children in our homes during a global pandemic. This book focuses on the experiences of education faculty who navigate this relationship as pandemic professionals and pandemic parents. In this collection of personal essays, we explore parenting in the pandemic among education professors. Through our stories, we share our perspectives on this moment of upheaval, as we find ourselves confronting practical (and impractical) aspects of long held theories about what school could be, seeing up close and personally the pedagogy our children endure online, watching education policy go awry in our own living rooms (and kitchens and bathrooms), making high-stakes decisions about our children’s (and other children’s) access to opportunity, and trying to maintain our careers at the same time. In this collision of personal and professional identities, we find ourselves reflecting on fundamental questions about the purpose and design of schooling, the value of our work as education professors, and the precious relationships we hope to maintain with our children through this difficult time. Praise for Parenting in the Pandemic "Lowenhaupt and Theoharis have curated a magnificent collection of essays that captures the hopes, fears, tensions, and possibilities of parenting in a time of crisis. A gift to parents and educators everywhere as we continue to process and reflect on what the pandemic has taught us about what it means to educate others, and perhaps through a renewed imagination, our very own children." - Sonya Douglass Horsford, Teachers College, Columbia University "In this powerful collection of essays, we have a rare window into how the personal and professional worlds of academics collided during the COVID-19 pandemic. What emerges from these reflections is an intimate portrait of the longstanding tensions in our lives as public intellectuals and parents that have long burned as embers, but are now set ablaze by the public health, economic, and educational crisis we have lived through during the last year. Reading these essays will help us to see questions of education policy and practice in a new, more personal light." - Matthew Kraft, Brown University
Author : Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309055881
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Paying Attention to Children in a Changing Health Care System written by Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-12-11 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: America's health care system is being reshaped by a variety of market-driven changes, and states are emerging as the major governmental influence on health care policy. Amid these changes, the health and well-being of children can slip from view. Although most children are fundamentally healthy, they require health care that emphasizes preventive services, such as immunizations and regular monitoring of physical and psychosocial growth and development. This volume takes a broad look at access and quality of care for pregnant women, children, and mothers. Among the issues addressed are the scope of benefits available under various health care reform efforts and services for special-needs children under managed care.
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309166608
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.
Author : Janet Golden
Publisher : Greenwood
ISBN 13 : 0313330417
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Children and Youth in Sickness and in Health written by Janet Golden and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 2004-04-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Six original essays reflect the growing scholarly interest in the history of childhood and youth, particularly issues affecting child health and welfare. These important new essays show how changing patterns of health and disease have responded to and shaped notions of childhood and adolescence as life stages. Until the early 20th century, life-threatening illnesses were a sinister presence in the lives of children of all social classes. Today, many diseases and threats to child health have been eliminated or alleviated. Yet critical problems remain. New threats such as AIDS and violence take a steady toll. Child health remains an active concern for all families. Despite the development of health care policies, social welfare policies, and effective medication, the home remains—as it was in the Colonial period—the most critical site of care. Parents are still central to the preservation of children's health. This work imposes a holistic view of this experience for children and families. By examining the child's perspective of illness, the authors make an important contribution to the understanding of illness as part of the developmental process of growing up.
Author : Juyoung Kim
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Public Health Programs for Children written by Juyoung Kim and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
