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Environmental Risk Limits For Several Phosphate Esters With Possible Application As Flame Retardant
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Book Synopsis Environmental Risk Limits for Several Phosphate Esters, with Possible Application as Flame Retardant by : Eric Mario Joan Verbruggen
Download or read book Environmental Risk Limits for Several Phosphate Esters, with Possible Application as Flame Retardant written by Eric Mario Joan Verbruggen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flame Retardants written by P. M. Visakh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-04 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes comprehensively many recent technical research accomplishments in the area of flame retardant research. It presents mainly flame retardant studies of polymer blends, composites and nano composites such as rubber, thermosets and thermoplastics. This book discusses different types of flame retardant using in polymers especially nano composites, as well as the role and chemistry. Leading researchers from industry, academy, government and private research institutions across the globe contribute to this book. Academics, researchers, scientists, engineers and students in research and development will benefit from an application-oriented book that helps them to find solutions to both fundamental and applied problems.
Book Synopsis Draft toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants by :
Download or read book Draft toxicological profile for phosphate ester flame retardants written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I by : Bernd Bilitewski
Download or read book Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I written by Bernd Bilitewski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-06 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical additives are used to enhance the properties of many industrial products. Since their release into the environment is a potential risk for man and nature, their fate and behavior were investigated in the framework of the European Union-funded project RISKCYCLE. The results are presented in two volumes, Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives I: Production, Usage and Environmental Occurrence and Global Risk-Based Management of Chemical Additives II: Risk-Based Assessment and Management Strategies. This book is the first of the two volumes and contains two main parts. The chapters of the first part provide a thorough review of the chemical additives used in the textile, plastics, lubricants, paper, leather and electronics industries, and describe the effect of each additive on the properties of the product. In the second part international case studies on the global trade of these chemicals and their impact on human health and the environment are presented. This volume is an invaluable source of information for scientists and governmental agencies dealing with the risk assessment of chemicals on a global scale.
Book Synopsis Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-06 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames from matches, cigarette lighters, and candles is one of the leading causes of residential-fire deaths in the United States. These fires accounted for about 16% of civilian fire deaths in 1996. On average, each year since 1990, about 90 deaths (primarily of children), 440 injuries, and property losses amounting to 50 million dollars have resulted from fires caused by the ignition of upholstered furniture by small open flames. Certain commercial seating products (such as aircraft and bus seats) are subject to flammability standards and sometimes incorporate FR-treated upholstery cover materials, but there is no federal-government requirement for residential upholstered furniture, and it is generally not treated with FR chemicals. It is estimated that less than 0.2% of all U.S. residential upholstery fabric is treated with flame-retardant (FR) chemicals. The Consumer Product Safety Act of 1972 created the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) as an independent federal regulatory agency whose mission is to protect the public from unreasonable risks of injury and death associated with consumer products. CPSC also administers the Flammable Fabrics Act, under which it regulates flammability hazards and the Federal Hazardous Substances Act (FHSA), which regulates hazardous substances including chemicals. In 1993, the National Association of State Fire Marshals petitioned CPSC to issue a performance-based flammability standard for upholstered furniture to reduce the risk of residential fires. The Commission granted that portion of the petition relating to small open flame ignition risks. In response to concerns regarding the safety of FR chemicals, Congress, in the fiscal year 1999 appropriations report for CPSC, requested that the National Research Council conduct an independent study of the health risks to consumers posed by exposure to FR chemicals that are likely to be used in residential upholstered furniture to meet a CPSC standard. The National Research Council assigned the project to the Committee on Toxicology (COT) of the Commission on Life Sciences' Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology. COT convened the Subcommittee on Flame-Retardant Chemicals, which prepared this report. Subcommittee members were chosen for their recognized expertise in toxicology, pharmacology, epidemiology, chemistry, exposure assessment, risk assessment, and biostatistics. Toxicological Risks of Selected Flame-Retardant Chemicals is organized into 18 chapters and two appendices. Chapter 2 describes the risk assessment process used by the subcommittee in determining the risk associated with potential exposure to the various FR chemicals. Chapter 3 describes the method the subcommittee used to measure and estimate the intensity, frequency, extent, and duration of human exposure to FR chemicals. Chapters 4-19 provide the subcommittee's review and assessment of health risks posed by exposure to each of the 16 FR chemicals. Data gaps and research needs are provided at the end of these chapters.
Book Synopsis Draft Toxicological Profile for Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants by :
Download or read book Draft Toxicological Profile for Phosphate Ester Flame Retardants written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report by : Southern California Coastal Water Research Project
Download or read book Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Annual Report written by Southern California Coastal Water Research Project and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Polymers in Electronics 2007 written by and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2007 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This conference saw presentations from all parts of the electronics industry's materials supply chain, from raw materials to finished products and offered an opportunity to learn more about both traditional and new polymer materials, their markets, manufacturing processes and applications. It also covered the impact of legislation, the need to recycle and other polymer related challenges and opportunities for the industry.
Book Synopsis The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook by : Alexander B. Morgan
Download or read book The Non-halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook written by Alexander B. Morgan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-04-07 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A one-stop, practical handbook containing all of the current commercial non-halogenated flame retardant technologies as well as experimental systems near commercialization In response to the emphasis on replacing halogenated flame retardants with alternate technologies, this handbook focuses on existing non-halogenated flame retardants and the experimental close-to-production systems that are available today. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook starts with an overview of the regulations and customer perceptions driving non-halogenated flame retardant selections over older halogenated technologies. It then moves on to cover the known major classes of non-halogenated flame retardants, before concluding with the current niche-performing technologies and untried commercial contenders of the future. The Non-Halogenated Flame Retardant Handbook: Takes a practical approach to addressing the narrow subject of non-halogenated flame retardancy—placing more emphasis on flame retardant selection for specific plastics, practical considerations in flame retardant material design, and the various technologies’ strengths and limits Focuses on the proper use of non-halogenated flame retardants, rather than the mechanics of how they work Discusses important future trends in flame retardancy Features sections written by industrial and chemical experts who know how to apply the technology to polymers for fire safety needs
Book Synopsis Polymer Green Flame Retardants by : Constantine D. Papaspyrides
Download or read book Polymer Green Flame Retardants written by Constantine D. Papaspyrides and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 943 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer Green Flame Retardants covers key issues regarding the response of polymers during fire, the mechanisms of their flame retardation, the regulations imposed on their use, and the health hazards arising from their combustion. Presenting the latest research developments, the book focuses in particular on nanocomposites, believed to be the most promising approach for producing physically superior materials with low flammability and ecological impact. The fire properties of nanocomposites of various matrixes and fillers are discussed, the toxicological characteristics of these materials are analyzed, addressing also their environmental sustainability. Edited by distinguished scientists, including an array of international industry and academia experts, this book will appeal to chemical, mechanical, environmental, material and process engineers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines, and generally to researchers developing commercially attractive and environmentally friendly fire-proof products. Provides recent findings on the manufacture of environmentally sustainable flame retardant polymeric materials Covers legislation and regulations concerning flame retarded polymeric material use Includes tables containing the fire properties of the most common polymeric materials
Book Synopsis Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials by : Pingan Song
Download or read book Green Fire Retardants for Polymeric Materials written by Pingan Song and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2023-12-06 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mixture Toxicity by : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an
Book Synopsis Functional Fillers for Plastics by : Marino Xanthos
Download or read book Functional Fillers for Plastics written by Marino Xanthos and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-03-06 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the major mineral and organic fillers for plastics, their production, structure and properties, as well as their applications in terms of primary and secondary functions. Edited and co-authored by Professor Marino Xanthos with contributions by international experts from industry and academia, the book presents methods of mixing/incorporation technologies, surface treatments and modifications for enhanced functionality, an analysis of parameters affecting filler performance and a presentation of current and emerging applications. Additionally, the novel classification according to modification of specific polymer properties rather than filler chemical composition will provide a better understanding of the relationships between processing, structure and properties of products containing functional fillers and the identification of new markets and applications. For engineers, scientists and technologists involved in the industrially important sector of polymer composites.
Book Synopsis Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide by : Steven E. Lucking
Download or read book Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide written by Steven E. Lucking and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 971 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study guide covering all aspects of pediatric critical care medicine. It fills a void that exists in learning resources currently available to pediatric critical care practitioners. The major textbooks are excellent references, but do not allow concise reading on specific topics and are not intended to act as both text and study guide. There are also several handbooks available, but these are usually written for general pediatric residents and lack the advanced physiology and pathophysiology required for the higher level pediatric critical care practitioner
Book Synopsis Opinion on Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) in Toys by :
Download or read book Opinion on Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) in Toys written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The substance tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) is an alkyl phosphate ester used as a flame-retardant plasticiser and viscosity regulator in polyurethanes, polyester resins, polyacrylates and other polymers. The main industrial branches in which TCEP has been used are the building industry (e.g., roofing insulation, accounting for more than 80% uses in the EU), the furniture and the textile industry (e.g., back-coatings for carpets and upholstery). In addition uses are reported also in the manufacture of cars, railways and aircrafts, in professional paints, varnishes and lacquers (IPCS 1998; EURAR on TCEP 2009, Canadian Report on TCEP 2009). However, production and use has been in decline since the 1980s, when TCEP has been progressively replaced by other flame retardants. TCEP was comprehensively evaluated under the EU existing substances regulation (EEC) 793/93 in 2009: the RAR reported that starting from 2001-2002 there is no production of TCEP in the EU, according to specific information given by industry. TCEP has been identified in indoor and outdoor air, dust, drinking water, surface water and groundwater, as well as in various food products. It has also been detected in polyurethane foam that may be found in furniture and in toys.
Book Synopsis Taking an Exposure History by : Arthur L. Frank
Download or read book Taking an Exposure History written by Arthur L. Frank and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction by : C.J. van Leeuwen
Download or read book Risk Assessment of Chemicals: An Introduction written by C.J. van Leeuwen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-09-18 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At last – a second edition of this hugely important text that reflects the progress and experience gained in the last decade and aims at providing background and training material for a new generation of risk assessors. The authors offer an introduction to risk assessment of chemicals as well as basic background information on sources, emissions, distribution and fate processes for the estimation of exposure of plant and animal species in the environment and humans exposed via the environment, consumer products, and at the workplace. The coverage describes the basic principles and methods of risk assessment within their legislative frameworks (EU, USA, Japan and Canada).
