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Engine Performance And Particulate Matter Speciation For Compression Ignition Engines Powered By A Range Of Fossil And Biofuels
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Book Synopsis Engine Performance and Particulate Matter Speciation for Compression Ignition Engines Powered by a Range of Fossil and Biofuels by : Paul Lindsey Rounce
Download or read book Engine Performance and Particulate Matter Speciation for Compression Ignition Engines Powered by a Range of Fossil and Biofuels written by Paul Lindsey Rounce and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Methanol written by Avinash Kumar Agarwal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph focuses on methanol and its utilization in transportation sector, namely in spark ignition (SI) engines. The contents focus on methanol production and presents a variety of production technologies from different feedstocks. The potential of methanol utilization in transportation in SI engines is discussed, its challenges, limitations, aspects related to its utilization and current global use of methanol are also presented. The book also contains chapters related to pollutant formation and exhaust emissions from methanol fuelled SI engines, one chapter is focused specifically on formaldehyde emissions, which possesses one of the greatest challenges of methanol use in IC engines. Readers will learn about the production aspects of methanol, its potential as a sustainable fuel, its utilization in SI engine and the effect of methanol and its utilization techniques on engine performance, combustion, exhaust emissions, efficiency and other important parameters. This volume will be a useful guide for professionals, post-graduate students involved in alternative fuels, spark ignition engines, and environmental research.
Book Synopsis Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines by : Thorsten Boger
Download or read book Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines written by Thorsten Boger and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For years, diesel engines have been the focus of particulate matter emission reductions. Now, however, modern diesel engines emit less particles than a comparable gasoline engine. This transformation necessitates an introduction of particulate reduction strategies for the gasoline-powered vehicle. Many strategies can be leveraged from diesel engines, but new combustion and engine control technologies will be needed to meet the latest gasoline regulations across the globe. Particulate reduction is a critical health concern in addition to the regulatory requirements. This is a vital issue with real-world implications. Reducing Particulate Emissions in Gasoline Engines encompasses the current strategies and technologies used to reduce particulates to meet regulatory requirements and curtail health hazards - reviewing principles and applications of these techniques. Highlights and features in the book include: Gasoline particulate filter design, function and applications Coated and uncoated three way catalyst design and integration Measurement of gasoline particulate matter emission, both laboratory and PEMS The goal is to provide a comprehensive assessment of gasoline particulate emission control to meet regulatory and health requirements - appealing to calibration, development and testing engineers alike.
Book Synopsis Engine Emission Control Technologies by : G. Amba Prasad Rao
Download or read book Engine Emission Control Technologies written by G. Amba Prasad Rao and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume covers the important issues related to environmental emissions from SI and CI engines as well as their formation and various pollution mitigation techniques. The book addresses aspects of improvements in engine modification, such as design modifications for enhanced performance, both with conventional fuels as well as with new and alternative fuels. It also explores some new combustion concepts that will help to pave the way for complying with new emission concepts. Alternative fuels are addressed in this volume to help mitigate harmful emissions, and alternative power sources for automobiles are also discussed briefly to cover the switch over from fueled engines to electrics, including battery-powered electric vehicles and fuel cells. The authors explain the different technologies available to date to overcome the limitations of conventional prime movers (fueled by both fossil fuels and alternative fuels). Topics examined include: • Engine modifications needed to limit harmful emissions • The use of engine after-treatment devices to contain emissions • The development of new combustion concepts • Adoption of alternative fuels in existing engines • Switching over to electrics—advantages and limitations • Specifications of highly marketed automobiles • Emission measurement methods
Book Synopsis Nanoparticle Emissions From Combustion Engines by : Jerzy Merkisz
Download or read book Nanoparticle Emissions From Combustion Engines written by Jerzy Merkisz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-19 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on particulate matter emissions produced by vehicles with combustion engines. It describes the physicochemical properties of the particulate matter, the mechanisms of its formation and its environmental impacts (including those on human beings). It discusses methods for measuring particulate mass and number, including the state-of-the-art in Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) equipment for measuring the exhaust emissions of both light and heavy-duty vehicles and buses under actual operating conditions. The book presents the authors’ latest investigations into the relations between particulate emission (mass and number) and engine operating parameters, as well as their new findings obtained through road tests performed on various types of vehicles, including those using diesel particulate filter regeneration. The book, which addresses the needs of academics and professionals alike, also discusses relevant European regulations on particulate emissions and highlights selected methods aimed at the reduction of particulate emissions from automobiles.
Book Synopsis Evolution and Current Understanding of Physicochemical Characterization of Particulate Matter from Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion on a Multicylinder Light-duty Engine by :
Download or read book Evolution and Current Understanding of Physicochemical Characterization of Particulate Matter from Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition Combustion on a Multicylinder Light-duty Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-temperature compression ignition combustion can result in nearly smokeless combustion, as indicated by a smoke meter or other forms of soot measurement that rely on absorbance due to elemental carbon content. Highly premixed low-temperature combustion modes do not form particulate matter in the traditional pathways seen with conventional diesel combustion. Previous research into reactivity controlled compression ignition particulate matter has shown, despite a near zero smoke number, significant mass can be collected on filter media used for particulate matter certification measurement. In addition, particulate matter size distributions reveal that a fraction of the particles survive heated double-dilution conditions. This paper summarizes research completed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to date on characterizing the nature, chemistry and aftertreatment considerations of reactivity controlled compression ignition particulate matter and presents new research highlighting the importance of injection strategy and fuel composition on reactivity controlled compression ignition particulate matter formation. Particle size measurements and the transmission electron microscopy results do show the presence of soot particles; however, the elemental carbon fraction was, in many cases, within the uncertainty of the thermal-optical measurement. Particulate matter emitted during reactivity controlled compression ignition operation was also collected with a novel sampling technique and analyzed by thermal desorption or pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Particulate matter speciation results indicated that the high boiling range of diesel hydrocarbons was likely responsible for the particulate matter mass captured on the filter media. Finally, to investigate potential fuel chemistry effects, either ethanol or biodiesel were incorporated to assess whether oxygenated fuels may enhance particle emission reduction.
Download or read book Engine Emissions written by B. P. Pundir and published by Alpha Science International, Limited. This book was released on 2007 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Engine Emissions: Pollutant Formation and Advances in Control Technology provides an up to date reference to academics and professionals on emissions from SI and CI engine powered vehicles. - In this text, mechanism of formation of engine emissions, effect of engine design and operation variables, world wide vehicle emission standards and emission measurement and test procedures are presented. Advances in emission control technology that have taken place from those used initially and up to the ones employed on the present day vehicles meeting the stringent emission regulations e.g., Euro 4, ULEV, SULEV standards are discussed. - Newer developments on exhaust aftertreatment such as HC adsorber systems, NO, traps and other de-NO, catalysts, and advanced engines like GDI and HCCI engines are covered in the book."--Jacket.
Book Synopsis Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel-biodiesel-pentanol Blends by : Richard Aaron Clayson
Download or read book Emissions and Performance Characteristics of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Diesel-biodiesel-pentanol Blends written by Richard Aaron Clayson and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engine Emissions by : George Springer
Download or read book Engine Emissions written by George Springer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, emissions from transportation engines have been studied widely because of the contribution of such engines to atmospheric pollution. During this period the amounts of pollutants emitted, the mechanism of their formation, and means of controlling emissions have been investigated in industrial and government laboratories, as well as at universities. The results of these investigations have generally been published as individual articles in journals, transactions, meeting proceedings, and, frequently, in company reports. This proliferation of technical information makes it difficult for workers in the field to keep abreast of all developments. For this reason, the editors felt the need for a book which would survey the existing state of knowledge in wide, albeit selected areas, and would provide a guide to the relevant literature. This book is intended to fulfill this function. It is recognized that all aspects of transportation engine emissions cannot be explored in a single volume. In this book attention is focused primarily on sources and mechanisms of emission formation within the combustion process, and on measurement techniques. Beyond this objective, no re strictions were placed on the authors. Within the framework of the general theme each author has been free to treat his subject as he saw fit. The editors have not strived to replace by uniformity the highly personal and attractive divergences of style. Considerable efforts were made, however, to ensure clarity and minimum overlap between the chapters.
Book Synopsis Isotopic Tracing of Fuel Carbon in the Emissions of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends by :
Download or read book Isotopic Tracing of Fuel Carbon in the Emissions of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fueled with Biodiesel Blends written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental tests were conducted on a Cummins 85.9 direct-injected diesel engine fueled with biodiesel blends. 20% and 50% blend levels were tested, as was 100% (neat) biodiesel. Emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NO(subscript x)), hydrocarbons (HC) and CO were measured under steady-state operating conditions. The effect of biodiesel on PM emissions was mixed; however, the contribution of the volatile organic fraction to total PM was greater for the higher biodiesel blend levels. When only non-volatile PM mass was considered, reductions were observed for the biodiesel blends as well as for neat biodiesel. The biodiesel test fuels increased NO(subscript x), while HC and CO emissions were reduced. PM collected on quartz filters during the experimental runs were analyzed for carbon-14 content using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMs). These measurements revealed that carbon from the biodiesel portion of the blended fuel was marginally less likely to contribute to PM, compared to the carbon from the diesel portion of the fuel. The results are different than those obtained in previous tests with the oxygenate ethanol, which was observed to be far less likely contribute to PM than the diesel component of the blended fuel. The data suggests that chemical structure of the oxygen- carbon bonds in an oxygenate affects the PM formation process.
Book Synopsis Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression-ignition Engine by : Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression-ignition Engine written by Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particulate Matter Formation in Spark-ignition Engines by : David Jonathan Kayes
Download or read book Particulate Matter Formation in Spark-ignition Engines written by David Jonathan Kayes and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Under Cold-fast-idle Conditions for Ethanol-gasoline Blends by : Iason Dimou
Download or read book Particulate Matter Emissions from a Direct Injection Spark Ignition Engine Under Cold-fast-idle Conditions for Ethanol-gasoline Blends written by Iason Dimou and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an effort to build internal combustion engines with both reduced brake-specific fuel consumption and better emission control, engineers developed the Direct Injection Spark Ignition (DISI) engine. DISI engines combine the specific higher output of the spark ignition engine, with the better efficiency of the compression ignition engine at part load. Despite their benefits, DISI engines still suffer from high hydrocarbon, NO2 and particulate matter (PM) emissions. Until recently, PM emissions have received relatively little attention, despite their severe effects on human health, related mostly to their size. Previous research indicates that almost 80% of the PM is emitted during the first few minutes of the engine's operation (cold-start-fast-idling period). A proposed solution for PM emission reduction is the use of fuel blends with ethanol. The present research experimentally measures the effect of ethanol content in fuel on PM formation in the combustion chamber of a DISI engine during the cold-start period. A novel sampling system has been designed and combined with a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) system, in order to measure the particulate matter number (PN) concentration 15 cm downstream from the exhaust valves of a DISI engine, for a temperature range between 0 and 40"C, under low load operation. Seven gasohol fuels have been tested with the ethanol content varying from 0% (EO) up to 85% (E85). For E10 to E85, PN modestly increases when the engine coolant temperature (ECT) is lowered. The PN distributions, however, are insensitive to the ethanol content of the fuel. The total PN for EQ is substantially higher than for the gasohol fuels, at ECT below 20'C. However, for ECT higher than 20'C, the total PN values (obtained from integrating the PN distribution from 15 to 350 nm) are approximately the same for all fuels. This sharp change in PN from EQ to E10 is confirmed by running the tests with E2.5 and E5; the midpoint of the transition occurs at approximately E5. Because the fuels' evaporating properties do not change substantially from EQ to E10, the significant change in PN is attributed to the particulate matter formation chemistry.
Book Synopsis Isotopic Tracing of Particulate Matter from a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Ethanol-in-Diesel Blends by :
Download or read book Isotopic Tracing of Particulate Matter from a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Ethanol-in-Diesel Blends written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) was used to investigate the relative contribution to diesel engine particulate matter (PM) from the ethanol and diesel fractions of blended fuels. Four test fuels along with a diesel fuel baseline were investigated. The test fuels were comprised of 14C depleted diesel fuel mixed with contemporary grain ethanol (>400 the 14C concentration of diesel). An emulsifier (Span 85) or cosolvent (butyl alcohol) was used to facilitate mixing. The experimental test engine was a 1993 Cummins B5.9 diesel rated at 175 hp at 2500 rpm. Test fuels were run at steady-state conditions of 1600 rpm and 210 ft-lbs, and PM samples were collected on quartz filters following dilution of engine exhaust in a mini-dilution tunnel. AMS analysis of the filter samples showed that the ethanol contributed less to PM relative to its fraction in the fuel blend. For the emulsified blends, 6.4% and 10.3% contributions to PM were observed for 11.5% and 23.0% ethanol fuels, respectively. For the cosolvent blends, even lower contributions were observed (3.8% and 6.3% contributions to PM for 12.5% and 25.0% ethanol fuels, respectively).
Book Synopsis Performance Study of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel and Ethanol by : Steffen Oberstein
Download or read book Performance Study of a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Biodiesel and Ethanol written by Steffen Oberstein and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance and Emission of Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with 5 and 20% Gasoline-Biodiesel Blends Under Single Injection Strategy by :
Download or read book Performance and Emission of Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with 5 and 20% Gasoline-Biodiesel Blends Under Single Injection Strategy written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines by : Fred Schäfer
Download or read book Reduced Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Automobile Engines written by Fred Schäfer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last several years, there has been much discussion on the interrelation of CO2 emissions with the global warming phenomenon. This in turn has increased pressure to develop and produce more fuel efficient engines and vehicles. This is the central topic of this book. It covers the underlying processes which cause pollutant emissions and the possibilities of reducing them, as well as the fuel consumption of gasoline and diesel engines, including direct injection diesel engines. As well as the engine-related causes of pollution, which is found in the raw exhaust, there is also a description of systems and methods for exhaust post treatment. The significant influence of fuels and lubricants (both conventional and alternative fuels) on emission behavior is also covered. In addition to the conventional gasoline and diesel engines, lean-burn and direct injection gasoline engines and two-stroke gasoline and diesel engines are included. The potential for reducing fuel consumption and pollution is described as well as the related reduction of CO2 emissions. Finally, a detailed summary of the most important laws and regulations pertaining to pollutant emissions and consumption limits is presented. This book is intended for practising engineers involved in research and applied sciences as well as for interested engineering students.
