Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law

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Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198819838
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law by : Yinka Omorogbe

Download or read book Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law written by Yinka Omorogbe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for energy might be universal, but access to it is not. Omorogbe and Ordor bring together experts in their field to ask how corruption and limited regulation have stalled progress in Africa, examining the impact on disabled people, women, and children, and its relation to environmental and humanitarian concerns.

Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192551728
Total Pages : 431 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law by : Yinka Omorogbe

Download or read book Ending Africa's Energy Deficit and the Law written by Yinka Omorogbe and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the inclusion of access to energy in the sustainable development goals, the role of energy to human existence was finally recognized. Yet, in Africa, this achievement is far from realized. Omorogbe and Ordor bring together experts in their fields to ask what is stalling progress, examining problems from institutions catering to vested interests at the continent's expense, to a need to develop vigorous financial and fiscal frameworks. The ramifications and complications of energy law are labyrinthine: this volume discusses how energy deficits can burden disabled people, women, and children in excess of their more fortunate counterparts, as well as considering environmental issues, including the delicate balance between the necessity of water for drinking and cleaning and the use of water in industrial processes. A pivotal work of scholarship, the book poses pressing questions for energy law and international human rights.

Energy in Africa

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331992219X
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy in Africa by : Manfred Hafner

Download or read book Energy in Africa written by Manfred Hafner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book presents a picture of the current energy challenges on the African continent (and the Sub-Saharan region in particular) and proposes pathways to an accelerated energy transition. Starting with an analysis of the status quo and the outlook for Africa’s energy demand and energy access, it provides an account of the available resources, including hydrocarbons and renewable energy resources, which are playing an increasingly crucial role. It then moves on to analyze the level of investment required to scale-up Africa’s energy systems, shedding light on the key barriers and elaborating on potential solutions. It also provides a suggestion for improving the effectiveness of EU–Africa cooperation. While mainly intended for policymakers and academics, this book also speaks to a broader audience interested in gaining an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the African energy sector today and in the future.

Energy Justice and Energy Law

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Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198860757
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Justice and Energy Law by : Iñigo del Guayo

Download or read book Energy Justice and Energy Law written by Iñigo del Guayo and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-05-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy justice has emerged over the last decade as a matter of vital concern in energy law, which can be seen in the attention directed to energy poverty, and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. There are energy justice concerns in areas of law as diverse as human rights, consumer protection, international law and trade, and in many forms of regional and national energy law and regulation. This edited collection explores in detail at four kinds of energy justice. The first, distributive justice, relates to the equitable distribution of the benefits and burdens of energy activities, which is challenged by the existence of people suffering from energy poverty. Secondly, procedural (or participation) justice consists of the right of all communities to participate in decision-making regarding energy projects and policies that affect them. This dimension of energy justice often includes procedural rights to information and access to courts. Under the concept of reparation (or restorative) justice, the book looks at even-handed enforcement of energy statutes and regulations, as well as access to remedies when legal rights are violated. Finally, the collection addresses social justice, with the recognition that energy injustice cannot be separated from other social ills, such as poverty and subordination based on race, gender, or indigeneity. These issues feed into a wider conversation about how we achieve a 'just' energy transition, as the world confronts the urgent challenges of climate change.

Energy Transitions and the Future of the African Energy Sector

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030568490
Total Pages : 477 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis Energy Transitions and the Future of the African Energy Sector by : Victoria R. Nalule

Download or read book Energy Transitions and the Future of the African Energy Sector written by Victoria R. Nalule and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores current developments in the African energy sector and highlights how these are likely to be affected by the ongoing global efforts to transition to a low-carbon economy. It analyses the legal, regulatory and policy frameworks at the national and regional level as they relate to Energy transition in Africa and discusses how regionalism is increasingly utilized to tackle energy access and climate change challenges. Using case studies from across the continent, several key thematic issues, including gender justice, social license to operate, local content and conflict of energy laws are covered in detail. The authors also uniquely examine the progressive nature of global energy use and introduce the new concept of ‘Energy Progression.’ This book will be an invaluable reference for researchers and policymakers looking for a comprehensive overview of the field.

Implementing Business and Human Rights Norms in Africa: Law and Policy Interventions

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Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000588211
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis Implementing Business and Human Rights Norms in Africa: Law and Policy Interventions by : Oyeniyi Abe

Download or read book Implementing Business and Human Rights Norms in Africa: Law and Policy Interventions written by Oyeniyi Abe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-05-15 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the contemporary and contentious question of the critical connections between business and human rights, and the implementation of socially responsible norms in developing countries, with particular reference to Kenya, Nigeria, and South Africa. Business enterprises and transnational corporate actors operate in a complex global environment, especially when operating in high risks sectors such as oil and gas, mining, construction, banking, and health care amongst others. Understanding human rights responsibilities, impacts, and socially responsible behaviour for companies is therefore an essential component of corporate risk management in our current world. The release of the United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights, an instrument consisting of 31 principles on this issue, has further underscored the emergence of a rapidly developing set of international law norms on human rights responsibilities of businesses and transnational corporations. It has also shaped the discourse on corporate accountability for human rights. In addition to minimizing litigation, financial and reputational risks, understanding and demonstrating corporate respect for human rights is vital to building a culture of trust and integrity amongst local communities, investors, and shareholders. While Africa has been at the receiving end of deleterious activities of corporate actors, it has failed to address corporate impunity and human rights violations by non-state actors. Questions abound revolving around the underpinnings of a corporate responsibility to respect human rights, that is, how non-western and particularly African conceptions of respect may help develop a beyond do no net harm approach to respect; policy discourses on human rights due diligence, human rights impact assessment; mandating corporate respect for human rights in both domestic and international law. This book examines, clarifies, and unpacks the guiding principles of a rights-based approach to development and social inclusion. It offers an excellent exposition of regulatory capacity, institutional efficacy, and democratic legitimacy of governance institutions that shape development including a comprehensive analysis of how states are shaping business and human rights discourses locally to develop a critical understanding of identified issues by exploring the latest theories through comparative lenses.

Resilience in Energy, Infrastructure, and Natural Resources Law

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192864572
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis Resilience in Energy, Infrastructure, and Natural Resources Law by : Catherine Banet

Download or read book Resilience in Energy, Infrastructure, and Natural Resources Law written by Catherine Banet and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-03-11 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of severe and sometimes catastrophic disruptive events has been rapidly increasing. Extreme weather events including floods, wildfires, hurricanes, and other natural disasters have become both more frequent and more severe, whilst events such as the COVID-19 pandemic represent a global threat to public health with huge economic effects that recovery packages tried to address. These disruptive events, alone and in combination, have dramatic consequences on nature, human life, and the economy, calling for urgent action to mitigate their causes and adapt to their impacts. In response to discourses of collapsology and end-of-growth theories, this monograph offers an analytical approach to developing legal responses that can help ensure the needs of present and future generations can be met through energy systems, infrastructure development, and natural resources management in these times of disruption. 'Resilience' is, therefore, seen as a common framework for the interpretation and development of energy, infrastructure, and natural resources law. With a mix of thematic chapters and case studies from multiple jurisdictions, Resilience in Energy, Infrastructure, and Natural Resources Law maps and assesses legal responses to disruptive nature-based events, and examines possible legal pathways for more sustainable outcomes, based on its engagement with this concept of 'resilience' and social-ecological thinking.

A Research Agenda for International Energy Law

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Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1803924969
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis A Research Agenda for International Energy Law by : Kim Talus

Download or read book A Research Agenda for International Energy Law written by Kim Talus and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-03-14 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Research Agenda for International Energy Law offers a novel exploration into the future direction of research in international energy law, highlighting contemporary themes such as competition for investments, and fair and equitable access to energy.

Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108852882
Total Pages : 451 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets by : Damilola S. Olawuyi

Download or read book Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets written by Damilola S. Olawuyi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Local Content and Sustainable Development in Global Energy Markets analyses the topical and contentious issue of the critical intersections between local content requirements (LCRs) and the implementation of sustainable development treaties in global energy markets including Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Latin America, South America, Australasia and the Middle East While LCRs generally aim to boost domestic value creation and economic growth, inappropriately designed LCRs could produce negative social, human rights and environmental outcomes, and a misalignment of a country's fiscal policies and global sustainable development goals. These unintended outcomes may ultimately serve as disincentive to foreign participation in a country's energy market. This book outlines the guiding principles of a sustainable and rights-based approach – focusing on transparency, accountability, gender justice and other human rights issues – to the design, application and implementation of LCRs in global energy markets to avoid misalignments.

Public-Private Partnerships in Emerging Economies

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Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000215539
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Public-Private Partnerships in Emerging Economies by : Augustine Edobor Arimoro

Download or read book Public-Private Partnerships in Emerging Economies written by Augustine Edobor Arimoro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-10-29 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, a shortage of funds has resulted in a huge deficit in government budgets for infrastructure, especially in developing economies. It is no longer feasible for governments to bear the entire burden of funding public infrastructure. Given that an inadequate supply of public infrastructure poses a challenge for the economic development of any country, partnerships with the private sector to fund public infrastructure procurement has started to be relied on as an alternative to traditional public procurement. Public-Private Partnerships are an arrangement that allow private entities to fund, design, manage and operate public infrastructure for a term in exchange for the payment of tolls by users or the government may well be the solution to the infrastructure crisis in many developing economies. This book examines the role of law in the adoption, implementation and regulation of Public-Private Partnership in selected developing economies including Brazil, India, Nigeria and South Africa to address how to deal with overlapping laws and how the law can protect assets invested in PPP in order to attract private sector interests in infrastructure financing in developing market, showing how law can be used to create, sustain and promote PPP frameworks that take into account local circumstances in developing economies.

Research Handbook on Energy, Law and Ethics

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Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1839100834
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Energy, Law and Ethics by : Malik R. Dahlan

Download or read book Research Handbook on Energy, Law and Ethics written by Malik R. Dahlan and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2022-11-22 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Research Handbook offers crucial ethical perspectives on navigating the increasingly complex and contested landscape of contemporary energy law. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it brings together diverse scholarship and expertise from academia, international organizations, legal practice and the judiciary to address wide-ranging issues linking energy and law to ethical drivers such as wealth, peace and war, development, climate change, and use and abuse of natural resources.

Sustainable Hydropower in West Africa

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128130172
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Hydropower in West Africa by : Amos Kabo-Bah

Download or read book Sustainable Hydropower in West Africa written by Amos Kabo-Bah and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Hydropower in West Africa: Planning, Operation, and Challenges provides a comprehensive overview of the planning, deployment and management of hydropower in West Africa and similar regions. The authors use a practical approach to analyze available technology, modeling methodologies and sustainability aspects, such as the dependence between climate and hydropower, and socio-economic and environmental impacts. They discuss the need for innovative solutions and how to close research gaps in the field for this region. Although more than 50% of West Africa’s hydropower potential is still untapped, re-engineering and maintenance of existing hydropower plants is a key issue and is discussed. Issues of productivity and optimization are also covered, as well as the introduction of new technology and integration of hydropower into existing energy systems—renewable energy systems, in particular. Policy and regulation are also examined, considering competing needs when managing water resources. The final chapter offers a summary of activities, strategies, policies and technology for easy reference and practical use. Due to its wide coverage and real life examples, this is a useful reference for engineering professionals in the field of hydropower, working in West Africa and regions with similar conditions. This book helps engineers make technology and location decisions for planning, deploying and operating hydropower plants. The book’s accessible language and international authorship also allows for easy use by energy researchers, analysts and policy makers who need information for the analysis, modeling, financing, implementation and regulation of hydropower in West Africa and related regions. Presents the most current issues related to hydropower deployment and management in West Africa and regions with similar conditions Discusses key challenges, focusing on practical aspects and methodologies Explores the technological, sustainability and economic aspects to be considered when deploying, operating and maintaining hydropower plants in West Africa and similar regions

Africa's Infrastructure

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821380833
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Africa's Infrastructure by : World Bank

Download or read book Africa's Infrastructure written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable infrastructure development is vital for Africa s prosperity. And now is the time to begin the transformation. This volume is the culmination of an unprecedented effort to document, analyze, and interpret the full extent of the challenge in developing Sub-Saharan Africa s infrastructure sectors. As a result, it represents the most comprehensive reference currently available on infrastructure in the region. The book covers the five main economic infrastructure sectors information and communication technology, irrigation, power, transport, and water and sanitation. 'Africa s Infrastructure: A Time for Transformation' reflects the collaboration of a wide array of African regional institutions and development partners under the auspices of the Infrastructure Consortium for Africa. It presents the findings of the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic (AICD), a project launched following a commitment in 2005 by the international community (after the G8 summit at Gleneagles, Scotland) to scale up financial support for infrastructure development in Africa. The lack of reliable information in this area made it difficult to evaluate the success of past interventions, prioritize current allocations, and provide benchmarks for measuring future progress, hence the need for the AICD. Africa s infrastructure sectors lag well behind those of the rest of the world, and the gap is widening. Some of the main policy-relevant findings highlighted in the book include the following: infrastructure in the region is exceptionally expensive, with tariffs being many times higher than those found elsewhere. Inadequate and expensive infrastructure is retarding growth by 2 percentage points each year. Solving the problem will cost over US$90 billion per year, which is more than twice what is being spent in Africa today. However, money alone is not the answer. Prudent policies, wise management, and sound maintenance can improve efficiency, thereby stretching the infrastructure dollar. There is the potential to recover an additional US$17 billion a year from within the existing infrastructure resource envelope simply by improving efficiency. For example, improved revenue collection and utility management could generate US$3.3 billion per year. Regional power trade could reduce annual costs by US$2 billion. And deregulating the trucking industry could reduce freight costs by one-half. So, raising more funds without also tackling inefficiencies would be like pouring water into a leaking bucket. Finally, the power sector and fragile states represent particular challenges. Even if every efficiency in every infrastructure sector could be captured, a substantial funding gap of $31 billion a year would remain. Nevertheless, the African people and economies cannot wait any longer. Now is the time to begin the transformation to sustainable development.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192885898
Total Pages : 1489 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (928 download)

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Book Synopsis The UN Sustainable Development Goals by : Ilias Bantekas

Download or read book The UN Sustainable Development Goals written by Ilias Bantekas and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-26 with total page 1489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In September 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This historic document constituted a transformative 'plan for action for people, planet and prosperity' with regards to the sustainable development efforts of all countries. The Sustainable Development Goals serves as an expert compendium, the most authoritative ready-reference tool for anyone interested in the SDGs. Each chapter comprises a detailed target-by-target analysis of one of the SDGs, including a methodical analysis of the preparatory proceedings that shaped each goal in its present form, an exhaustive examination of their content, and a critical assessment from an international law perspective. This commentary provides readers with the most up-to-date information on normative and legal questions arising from the incorporation of the SDGs into the international economic, social, and environmental legal frameworks, and on their implementation status. Scholars, practitioners, and those interested in the fields of law, politics, development, economics, environmental studies, and global governance will find this book a must-read.

Model Law on Access to Information for Africa and other regional instruments: Soft law and human rights in Africa

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Author :
Publisher : Pretoria University Law Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Model Law on Access to Information for Africa and other regional instruments: Soft law and human rights in Africa by : Ololade Shyllon

Download or read book Model Law on Access to Information for Africa and other regional instruments: Soft law and human rights in Africa written by Ololade Shyllon and published by Pretoria University Law Press. This book was released on 2018-01-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Model Law on Access to Information for Africa and other regional instruments: Soft law and human rights in Africa Edited by Ololade Shyllon 2018 ISBN: 978-1-920538-87-3 Pages: 255 Print version: Available Electronic version: Free PDF available About the publication The adoption in 2013 of the Model Law on Access to Information for Africa by the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights is an important landmark in the increasing elaboration of human rights-related soft law standards in Africa. Although non-binding, the Model Law significantly influenced the access to information landscape on the continent. Since the adoption of the Model Law, the Commission adopted several General Comments. The AU similarly adopted Model Laws such as the African Union Model Law on Internally Displaced Persons in Addressing Internal Displacement in Africa. This collection of essays inquires into the role and impact of soft law standards within the African human rights system and the AU generally. It assesses the extent to which these standards induced compliance, and identifies factors that contribute to generating such compliance. This book is a collection of papers presented at a conference organised by the Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria, with the financial support of the government of Norway, through the Royal Norwegian Embassy in Pretoria. Following the conference, the papers were reviewed and reworked. Table of Contents Acknowledgments Preface Contributors Abbreviations and acronyms PART I: THE MODEL LAW AND ITS INFLUENCE ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION IN AFRICA Introduction Ololade Shyllon The impact of the Model Law on Access to Information for Africa Fola Adeleke Implementing a Model Law on Access to Information in Africa: Lessons from the Americas Marianna Belalba and Alan Sears The implementation of the constitutional right of access to information in Africa: Opportunities and challenges Ololade Shyllon PART II: COUNTRY STUDIES The Model Law on Access to Information for Africa and the struggle for the review and passage of the Ghanaian Right to Information Bill of 2013 Ugonna Ukaigwe The impact of the Model Law on Access to Information for Africa on Kenya’s Access to Information framework Anne Nderi The Sudanese Access to Information Act 2015: A step forward? Ali Abdelrahman Ali Compliance through decoration: Access to information in Zimbabwe Nhlanhla Ngwenya PART III: INFLUENCE OF SOFT LAW WITHIN THE AFRICAN HUMAN RIGHTS SYSTEM Soft law and legitimacy in the African Union: The case of the Pretoria Principles on Ending Mass Atrocities Pursuant to Article 4(h) of the AU Constitutive Act Busingye Kabumba The incorporation of the thematic resolutions of the African Commission into the domestic laws of African countries Japhet Biegon General Comment 1 of the African Commission of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights: A source of norms and standard setting on sexual and reproductive health and rights Ebenezer Durojaye The African Union Model Law on Internally Displaced Persons: A critique Romola Adeola Selected bibliography

The Green Belt Movement

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Author :
Publisher : Lantern Books
ISBN 13 : 9781590560402
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (64 download)

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Book Synopsis The Green Belt Movement by : Wangari Maathai

Download or read book The Green Belt Movement written by Wangari Maathai and published by Lantern Books. This book was released on 2003 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wangari Maathai, founder of The Green Belt Movement, tells its story including the philosophy behind it, its challenges, and objectives.

Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa's Infrastructure

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Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464804672
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa's Infrastructure by : Raffaello Cervigni

Download or read book Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa's Infrastructure written by Raffaello Cervigni and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-09-01 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To sustain Africa’s growth, and accelerate the eradication of extreme poverty, investment in infrastructure is fundamental. In 2010, the Africa Infrastructure Country Diagnostic found that to enable Africa to fill its infrastructure gap, some US$ 93 billion per year for the next decade will need to be invested. The Program for Infrastructure Development in Africa (PIDA), endorsed in 2012 by the continent’s Heads of State and Government, lays out an ambitious long-term plan for closing Africa’s infrastructure including trough step increases in hydroelectric power generation and water storage capacity. Much of this investment will support the construction of long-lived infrastructure (e.g. dams, power stations, irrigation canals), which may be vulnerable to changes in climatic patterns, the direction and magnitude of which remain significantly uncertain. Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa 's Infrastructure evaluates -using for the first time a single consistent methodology and the state-of-the-arte climate scenarios-, the impacts of climate change on hydro-power and irrigation expansion plans in Africa’s main rivers basins (Niger, Senegal, Volta, Congo, Nile, Zambezi, Orange); and outlines an approach to reduce climate risks through suitable adjustments to the planning and design process. The book finds that failure to integrate climate change in the planning and design of power and water infrastructure could entail, in scenarios of drying climate conditions, losses of hydropower revenues between 5% and 60% (depending on the basin); and increases in consumer expenditure for energy up to 3 times the corresponding baseline values. In in wet climate scenarios, business-as-usual infrastructure development could lead to foregone revenues in the range of 15% to 130% of the baseline, to the extent that the larger volume of precipitation is not used to expand the production of hydropower. Despite the large uncertainty on whether drier or wetter conditions will prevail in the future in Africa, the book finds that by modifying existing investment plans to explicitly handle the risk of large climate swings, can cut in half or more the cost that would accrue by building infrastructure on the basis of the climate of the past.