Emerging and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Waste Management

Download Emerging and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811086699
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Waste Management by : Ram Naresh Bharagava

Download or read book Emerging and Eco-Friendly Approaches for Waste Management written by Ram Naresh Bharagava and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-25 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapid industrialization is a serious concern in the context of a healthy environment. With the growth in the number of industries, the waste generated is also growing exponentially. The various chemical processes operating in the manufacturing industry generate a large number of by-products, which are largely harmful and toxic pollutants and are generally discharged into the natural water bodies. Once the pollutants enter the environment, they are taken up by different life forms, and because of bio-magnification, they affect the entire food chain and have severe adverse effects on all life forms, including on human health. Although, various physico-chemical and biological approaches are available for the removal of toxic pollutants, unfortunately these are often ineffective and traditional clean up practices are inefficient. Biological approaches utilizing microorganisms (bacterial/fungi/algae), green plants or their enzymes to degrade or detoxify environmental pollutants such as endocrine disruptors, toxic metals, pesticides, dyes, petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds, offer eco- friendly approaches. Such eco-friendly approaches are often more effective than traditional practices, and are safe for both industry workers as well as environment. This book provides a comprehensive overview of various toxic environmental pollutants from a variety natural and anthropogenic sources, their toxicological effects on the environment, humans, animals and plants as well as their biodegradation and bioremediation using emerging and eco-friendly approaches (e.g. Anammox technology, advanced oxidation processes, membrane bioreactors, membrane processes, GMOs), microbial degradation (e.g. bacteria, fungi, algae), phytoremediation, biotechnology and nanobiotechnology. Offering fundamental and advanced information on environmental problems, challenges and bioremediation approaches used for the remediation of contaminated sites, it is a valuable resource for students, scientists and researchers engaged in microbiology, biotechnology and environmental sciences.

Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Download Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811513902
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment by : Ram Naresh Bharagava

Download or read book Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by Ram Naresh Bharagava and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-04 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we know, rapid industrialization is a serious concern in the context of a healthy environment and public health due to the generation of huge volumes of toxic wastewater. Although various physico-chemical and biological approaches are available for the treatment of this wastewater, many of them are not effective. Now, there a number of emerging ecofriendly, cost-effective approaches utilizing microorganisms (bacterial/fungi/algae), green plants or their enzymes, and constructed wetland treatment systems in the treatment of wastewaters containing pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, toxic metals, pesticides, dyes, petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. This book provides a much-needed, comprehensive overview of the various types of wastewater and their ecotoxicological effects on the environment, humans, animals and plants as well as various emerging and eco-friendly approaches for their treatment. It provides insights into the ecological problems and challenges in the treatment and management of wastewaters generated by various sources.

Advanced Organic Waste Management

Download Advanced Organic Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323909310
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (239 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Advanced Organic Waste Management by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Advanced Organic Waste Management written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-06 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Organic Waste Management: Sustainable Practices and Approaches provides an integrated holistic approach to the challenges associated with organic waste management, particularly related to sustainability, lifecycle assessment, emerging regulations, and novel approaches for resource and energy recovery. In addition to traditional techniques, such as anaerobic digestion, composting, innovative and emerging techniques of waste recycling like hydrothermal carbonization and vermicomposting are included. The book combines the fundamentals and practices of sustainable organic waste management with successful case studies from developed and developing countries, highlighting practical applications and challenges. Sections cover global organic waste generation, encompassing sources and types, composition and characteristics, focus on technical aspects related to various resource recovery techniques like composting and vermicomposting, cover various waste-to-energy technologies, illustrate various environmental management tools for organic waste, present innovative organic waste management practices and strategies complemented by detailed case studies, introduce the circular bioeconomy approach, and more. Presents the fundamentals and practices of sustainable, organic waste management, with emerging regulations and up-to-date analysis on environmental management tools such as lifecycle assessment in a comprehensive manner Offers the latest information on novel concepts and strategies for organic waste management, particularly zero waste and the circular bioeconomy Includes the latest research findings and future perspectives of innovative and emerging techniques of waste recycling, such as hydrothermal carbonization and vermicomposting

Recent Advances in Environmental Management

Download Recent Advances in Environmental Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351011235
Total Pages : 543 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Environmental Management by : Ram Naresh Bharagava

Download or read book Recent Advances in Environmental Management written by Ram Naresh Bharagava and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-25 with total page 543 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the toxicity of various organic and inorganic pollutants, their eco-toxicological effects and eco-friendly approaches for remediation of environmental pollutants. Extensive focus has been relied on the recent advances in ecofriendly approaches such as bioremediation and phytoremediation technologies, including the use of various group of microbes for remediation of environmental pollutants, etc. Researchers working in the field of bioremediation, phytoremediation, waste management and related fields will find this compilation most useful for further study to learn about the subject matter.

Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment

Download Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789811513916
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment by :

Download or read book Emerging Eco-friendly Green Technologies for Wastewater Treatment written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As we know, rapid industrialization is a serious concern in the context of a healthy environment and public health due to the generation of huge volumes of toxic wastewater. Although various physico-chemical and biological approaches are available for the treatment of this wastewater, many of them are not effective. Now, there a number of emerging ecofriendly, cost-effective approaches utilizing microorganisms (bacterial/fungi/algae), green plants or their enzymes, and constructed wetland treatment systems in the treatment of wastewaters containing pollutants such as endocrine disrupting chemicals, toxic metals, pesticides, dyes, petroleum hydrocarbons and phenolic compounds. This book provides a much-needed, comprehensive overview of the various types of wastewater and their ecotoxicological effects on the environment, humans, animals and plants as well as various emerging and eco-friendly approaches for their treatment. It provides insights into the ecological problems and challenges in the treatment and management of wastewaters generated by various sources.

Concepts of Advanced Zero Waste Tools

Download Concepts of Advanced Zero Waste Tools PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 012822438X
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Concepts of Advanced Zero Waste Tools by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Concepts of Advanced Zero Waste Tools written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Zero Waste Tools: Present and Emerging Waste Management Practices, Volume One in the Concepts of Advanced Zero Waste Tools series addresses the fundamental principles of zero waste that encourages the redesign of resource lifecycles so that products are reused. By promoting reuse and recycling, as well as prevention and product designs that consider the entire product lifecycle, the zero waste philosophy advocates for sustainability and environmental management and protection. This book takes the first step toward addressing the tools needed to implement zero waste, both on a practical and conceptual scale. In addition to environmental and engineering principles, the book also covers economic, toxicologic and regulatory issues, making it an important resource for researchers, engineers and policymakers working toward environmental sustainability. Uses fundamental, interdisciplinary and state-of-the-art coverage of zero waste research to provide an integrated approach to tools, methodology and indicators Covers current challenges, design and manufacturing technology, and sustainability applications Includes up-to-date references and web resources at the end of each chapter, as well as a webpage dedicated to providing supplementary information

Emerging Contaminants in the Environment

Download Emerging Contaminants in the Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 032385981X
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Contaminants in the Environment by : Hemen Sarma

Download or read book Emerging Contaminants in the Environment written by Hemen Sarma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Contaminants in the Environment: Challenges and Sustainable Practices covers all aspects of emerging contaminants in the environment, from basic understanding to different types of emerging contaminants and how these threaten organisms, their environmental fate studies, detection methods, and sustainable practices of dealing with contaminants. Emerging contaminant remediation is a pressing need due to the ever-increasing pollution in the environment, and it has gained a lot of scientific and public attention due to its high effectiveness and sustainability. The discussions in the book on the bioremediation of these contaminants are covered from the perspective of proven technologies and practices through case studies and real-world data. One of the main benefits of this book is that it summarizes future challenges and sustainable solutions. It can, therefore, become an effective guide to the elimination (through sustainable practices) of emerging contaminants. At the back of these explorations on sustainable bioremediation of emerging contaminants lies the set of 17 goals articulated by the United Nations in its 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all its member states. This book provides academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the detection and elimination of emerging contaminants from the environment, with the latest advances by leading experts in emerging contaminants the field of environmental sciences. Covers most aspects of the most predominant emerging contaminants in the environment, including in soil, air, and water Describes the occurrence of these contaminants, the problems they cause, and the sustainable practices to deal with the contaminants Includes data from case studies to provide real-world examples of sustainable practices and emerging contaminant remediation

Recent Advances in Distillery Waste Management for Environmental Safety

Download Recent Advances in Distillery Waste Management for Environmental Safety PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000421554
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Distillery Waste Management for Environmental Safety by : Vineet Kumar

Download or read book Recent Advances in Distillery Waste Management for Environmental Safety written by Vineet Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-09-21 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides practical solutions for the treatment and recycling of distillery waste illustrated by specific case studies. Focuses on recent industry practices and preferences, along with newer approaches for wastewater treatment. An instructive compilation of treatment approaches, including advanced physicochemical and integrated/sequential methods. Covers biocomposting of sludge and effluent and biodiesel production from distillery waste for recycling and sustainable development. Emphasizing the relationship of metagenomics with organometallic compounds of distillery waste. Discusses the role of ligninolytic enzymes and bioreactors in distillery wastewater treatment.

Waste Management

Download Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000776727
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Waste Management by : Gunjan Mukherjee

Download or read book Waste Management written by Gunjan Mukherjee and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid and liquid wastes generated as a result of various agricultural, municipal, industrial and several other processes have become a global concern. This book provides detailed information on eco-friendly approaches and low-cost strategies for solid and liquid waste management. It emphasizes how these wastes can be utilized as alternatives to expensive raw materials thus encouraging sustainable development. This book will be useful to all those who have a keen interest in waste management processes.

Urban Mining for Waste Management and Resource Recovery

Download Urban Mining for Waste Management and Resource Recovery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 100050963X
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Urban Mining for Waste Management and Resource Recovery by : Pankaj Pathak

Download or read book Urban Mining for Waste Management and Resource Recovery written by Pankaj Pathak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-12-20 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific management strategies can help in exploring anthropogenic wastes (human-made materials) as potential resources through the urban mining concept and be a panacea for sustainable development. This book covers five broader aspects of waste management and resource recovery in urban mining including solid and liquid waste management and treatment. It explains sustainable approaches of urban mining for the effective management of solid and liquid wastes and facilitates their conversion into secondary resources. Overall, this book provides details of urban mining and its different applications including current waste management problems, practices, and challenges faced worldwide. Presents a holistic approach for urban mining considering various types of wastes Describes contemporary integrated approaches for waste management with specific case studies Provides technical, social, and environmental aspects of solid and liquid wastes Considers aspects of sustainability and a circular bio-economy Incorporates pertinent case studies on water and wastewater management This volume caters to researchers and graduate students in environmental engineering, solid waste management, wastewater treatment, and materials science.

Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste

Download Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323854044
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste by : Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain

Download or read book Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste written by Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-12-04 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Trends to Approaching Zero Waste: Environmental and Social Perspectives thoroughly examines the impact of various technological innovations, current guidelines and social awareness on the reduction of waste, with the ultimate aim of achieving the zero-waste target. Insights in the book will help users adopt the best possible methodologies at grass-root levels and show how modern societal procedures are becoming sustainable, with a goal of zero waste. It comprehensively discusses the scientific contributions of the environmental and social sector, along with the tools and technologies available for achieving the zero-waste targets. This book is the first step toward understanding state-of-the-art practices in making the zero-waste goal a reality. It will be especially beneficial to researchers, academics, upper-level students, waste managers, engineers and managers of industries researching or hoping to implement zero-waste techniques. Uses fundamental, interdisciplinary and state-of-the-art coverage of zero waste research to provide an integrated approach to tools, methodology and indicators for waste minimization Presents a unique look at environmental and social perspectives, challenges and solutions to zero waste Includes up-to-date references and web resources at the end of each chapter, as well as a webpage dedicated to providing supplementary information

Solid Waste Management

Download Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1771883758
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (718 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Management by : Elena Cristina Rada

Download or read book Solid Waste Management written by Elena Cristina Rada and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-02-24 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title includes a number of Open Access chapters. This compendium volume contains the most current technical and economic analyses of emerging waste disposal strategies. The editor, a well-respected researcher in this field, has selected articles that will be valuable to readers who range from engineers and academics to decision-makers in both the public and private sectors. Several international case studies give practical applications and examples of the various technologies and approaches. A final section discusses policy planning for the future.

Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches

Download Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0444642838
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (446 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches by : Mohammad Taherzadeh

Download or read book Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches written by Mohammad Taherzadeh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-07-18 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable Resource Recovery and Zero Waste Approaches covers waste reduction, biological, thermal and recycling methods of waste recovery, and their conversion into a variety of products. In addition, the social, economic and environmental aspects are also explored, making this a useful textbook for environmental courses and a reference book for both universities and companies. Provides a novel approach on how to achieve zero wastes in a society Shows the roadmap on achieving Sustainable Development Goals Considers critical aspects of municipal waste management Covers recent developments in waste biorefinery, thermal processes, anaerobic digestion, material recycling and landfill mining

Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants

Download Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031084462
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants by : Tariq Aftab

Download or read book Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants written by Tariq Aftab and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-04 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental contaminants are chemicals that accidentally or deliberately enter the environment, often, but not always, as a result of human activities. Some of these contaminants may have been manufactured for industrial use, and because they are very stable, they do not break down easily. If released to the environment, these contaminants may enter the food chain. Other environmental contaminants are naturally occurring chemicals, but industrial activity may increase their mobility or increase the amount available to circulate in the environment, allowing them to enter the food chain at higher levels than would otherwise occur. Environmental contaminants influence the physiological cell reactions at different and heterogeneous basics and lead to altering in normal cell function primarily at the molecular and biochemical level. Molecular responses to such common environmental stresses have been studied intensively over the last few years, in which there is an intricate network of signaling pathways controlling perception of these environmental stress signals, the generation of second messengers and signal transduction. Recent advances in many areas of plant and microbial research, including genotyping, make scientists optimistic that valuable solutions will be found to allow deployment/commercialization of strategies better able to tolerate these environmental stresses. Environmental remediation was historically viewed as an inherently sustainable activity, as it restores contamination; however, researchers and practitioners are increasingly recognizing that there can be substantial environmental footprints and socioeconomic costs associated with remediation. Sustainability is an imperative in the emerging green and sustainable remediation movement, which is reshaping the entire remediation industry. Understanding the significant roles of sustainable or eco-friendly approaches in mitigating environmental contaminants, the current subject has recently attracted the attention of scientists from across the globe. This comprehensive volume “Sustainable Management of Environmental Contaminants: Eco-friendly Remediation Approaches" highlights the various prospects involved in current scenario. The current volume comprises the chapters from diverse areas dealing with biotechnology, microbial technology, nanotechnology, molecular biology, green and sustainable remediation, etc. I am hopeful that this volume will furnish the requisite of all those who are working or have interest in the current topic.

Waste to Energy: Prospects and Applications

Download Waste to Energy: Prospects and Applications PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813343478
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Waste to Energy: Prospects and Applications by : Brijendra Kumar Kashyap

Download or read book Waste to Energy: Prospects and Applications written by Brijendra Kumar Kashyap and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-12 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses waste generation problems from various sectors, including industries, agriculture, and household. It focuses on how modern biotechnological approaches could help manage waste in an eco-friendly manner and generate precious bioenergy. It discusses the inadequate waste management systems damaging the environment and its adverse impacts on climate change-related problems. This book covers all the essential information regarding various types of waste and their management. It is a comprehensive compilation for understanding the efficient generation of bioenergy. It is a relevant reading material (resource) for anyone who wishes to study waste management as Chemist, Biologist, Biotechnologist, Industrialist, Ecologist, Microbiologist, Economist, and all disciplines related to the environment.

Solid Waste Management

Download Solid Waste Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783031606830
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (68 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Solid Waste Management by : Mahmoud Nasr

Download or read book Solid Waste Management written by Mahmoud Nasr and published by Springer. This book was released on 2024-08-03 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the latest advances in sustainable waste management and focuses on its implementation to mitigate water and air pollution, recycle and reuse raw material, and refine valuable metals. In this book, readers will learn about organic waste treatment, emerging waste management techniques, and the transformation of waste into value-added products. Particular attention is given to environmental sustainability and how we can better achieve it through innovative and responsible waste management practices. Divided into 10 chapters, the book outlines a wide range of topics such as the sustainable management of food wastes through cavitation-assisted conversion, rapid bioconversion of animal meat waste into compost using black soldier fly larvae, thermoluminescence properties of combustion-synthesized nanomaterials and their applications for achieving Sustainable Development Goals, and the creative reuse of plastic waste with a case study by Ghanaian artists. Expert contributors uncover new methods and approaches to waste management that invite readers to think critically about the current practices and their impact on the environment. In addition to these discussions, the work explores the challenges of environmental health in waste management for peri-urban areas. This book provides a unique blend of theoretical perspectives and practical case studies that will enrich the understanding of sustainable waste management, and it equips readers with the knowledge needed to contribute to a more sustainable future. The book is an invaluable resource for researchers in the field of environmental science, students at all levels studying sustainability and waste management, and practitioners working in industry.

Zero-Waste

Download Zero-Waste PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315436272
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (154 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Zero-Waste by : Atiq Zaman

Download or read book Zero-Waste written by Atiq Zaman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses ‘zero-waste’ (ZW) as an emerging waste management strategy for the future, which considers waste prevention through innovative design and sustainable consumption practices. Drawing on a diverse range of case studies from Australia, Bangladesh, Japan, New Zealand, Sweden, and the USA, this book explores why urban waste management systems still remain a major challenge for almost all cities around the world. Rejecting waste as an ‘end-of-life’ problem, Atiq Zaman and Tahmina Ahsan instead consider waste prevention through the ZW model, in which resources are utilized and consumed with minimum environmental degradation. In addition, the authors give extended discussion on why embracing the ZW concept will be beneficial for the circular economy (CE). Providing a strategic zero-waste framework and an evaluation tool to measure waste management performance aimed towards ZW goals, this book will be of great relevance to students, scholars, and policymakers with an interest in waste management, sustainable consumption, urban planning, and sustainable development.