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Electromigration Failure And Reliability Of Single Crystal And Polycrystalline Aluminum Interconnects For Integrated Circuits
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Book Synopsis Electromigration Failure and Reliability of Single-crystal and Polycrystalline Aluminum Interconnects for Integrated Circuits by : Young-Chang Joo
Download or read book Electromigration Failure and Reliability of Single-crystal and Polycrystalline Aluminum Interconnects for Integrated Circuits written by Young-Chang Joo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electromigration Failure and Reliability of Single-crystal and Polycyrstalline Aluminum Interconnects for Integrated Circuits by : Young-Chang Joo
Download or read book Electromigration Failure and Reliability of Single-crystal and Polycyrstalline Aluminum Interconnects for Integrated Circuits written by Young-Chang Joo and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electromigration in ULSI Interconnections by : Cher Ming Tan
Download or read book Electromigration in ULSI Interconnections written by Cher Ming Tan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromigration in ULSI Interconnections provides a comprehensive description of the electro migration in integrated circuits. It is intended for both beginner and advanced readers on electro migration in ULSI interconnections. It begins with the basic knowledge required for a detailed study on electro migration, and examines the various interconnected systems and their evolution employed in integrated circuit technology. The subsequent chapters provide a detailed description of the physics of electro migration in both Al- and Cu-based Interconnections, in the form of theoretical, experimental and numerical modeling studies. The differences in the electro migration of Al- and Cu-based interconnections and the corresponding underlying physical mechanisms for these differences are explained. The test structures, testing methodology, failure analysis methodology and statistical analysis of the test data for the experimental studies on electro migration are presented in a concise and rigorous manner.Methods of numerical modeling for the interconnect electro migration and their applications to the understanding of electro migration physics are described in detail with the aspects of material properties, interconnection design, and interconnect process parameters on the electro migration performances of interconnects in ULSI further elaborated upon. Finally, the extension of the studies to narrow interconnections is introduced, and future challenges on the study of electro migration are outlined and discussed.
Book Synopsis Electromigration Behavior and Reliability of Aluminum-based Multilevel Interconnects for Integrated Circuits by : Harold Kahn
Download or read book Electromigration Behavior and Reliability of Aluminum-based Multilevel Interconnects for Integrated Circuits written by Harold Kahn and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Mechatronic Reliability by : Wei Yang
Download or read book Mechatronic Reliability written by Wei Yang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-01-13 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first mechatronics book dealing with coupled mechanical and electrical actions, an emerging branch of modern technology. Authored by the leading scientist in this field, the book treats various subjects along the interface between mechanics and electronics.
Book Synopsis Electromigration In Ulsi Interconnections by : Cher Ming Tan
Download or read book Electromigration In Ulsi Interconnections written by Cher Ming Tan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-06-25 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromigration in ULSI Interconnections provides a comprehensive description of the electromigration in integrated circuits. It is intended for both beginner and advanced readers on electromigration in ULSI interconnections. It begins with the basic knowledge required for a detailed study on electromigration, and examines the various interconnected systems and their evolution employed in integrated circuit technology. The subsequent chapters provide a detailed description of the physics of electromigration in both Al- and Cu-based Interconnections, in the form of theoretical, experimental and numerical modeling studies. The differences in the electromigration of Al- and Cu-based interconnections and the corresponding underlying physical mechanisms for these differences are explained.The test structures, testing methodology, failure analysis methodology and statistical analysis of the test data for the experimental studies on electromigration are presented in a concise and rigorous manner. Methods of numerical modeling for the interconnect electromigration and their applications to the understanding of electromigration physics are described in detail with the aspects of material properties, interconnection design, and interconnect process parameters on the electromigration performances of interconnects in ULSI further elaborated upon. Finally, the extension of the studies to narrow interconnections is introduced, and future challenges on the study of electromigration are outlined and discussed.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Characterization of Electromigration Failures in IC Metallization Systems and Copper Metallization for ULSI Applications by : Jiang Tao
Download or read book Modeling and Characterization of Electromigration Failures in IC Metallization Systems and Copper Metallization for ULSI Applications written by Jiang Tao and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research in Materials by : Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Download or read book Research in Materials written by Massachusetts Institute of Technology and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modeling and Testing of Electromigration Effects in Integrated Circuit Interconnects and Contacts Under Time-varying Current Conditions by : Boon-Khim Liew
Download or read book Modeling and Testing of Electromigration Effects in Integrated Circuit Interconnects and Contacts Under Time-varying Current Conditions written by Boon-Khim Liew and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electromigration Modeling at Circuit Layout Level by : Cher Ming Tan
Download or read book Electromigration Modeling at Circuit Layout Level written by Cher Ming Tan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-27 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated circuit (IC) reliability is of increasing concern in present-day IC technology where the interconnect failures significantly increases the failure rate for ICs with decreasing interconnect dimension and increasing number of interconnect levels. Electromigration (EM) of interconnects has now become the dominant failure mechanism that determines the circuit reliability. This brief addresses the readers to the necessity of 3D real circuit modelling in order to evaluate the EM of interconnect system in ICs, and how they can create such models for their own applications. A 3-dimensional (3D) electro-thermo-structural model as opposed to the conventional current density based 2-dimensional (2D) models is presented at circuit-layout level.
Book Synopsis New Methodologies for Interconnect Reliability Assessments of Integrated Circuits by : Stefan Peter Hau-Riege
Download or read book New Methodologies for Interconnect Reliability Assessments of Integrated Circuits written by Stefan Peter Hau-Riege and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electromigration in Gold Interconnects by : Stephen Kilgore
Download or read book Electromigration in Gold Interconnects written by Stephen Kilgore and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromigration in metal interconnects is the most pernicious failure mechanism in semiconductor integrated circuits (ICs). Early electromigration investigations were primarily focused on aluminum interconnects for silicon-based ICs. An alternative metallization compatible with gallium arsenide (GaAs) was required in the development of high-powered radio frequency (RF) compound semiconductor devices operating at higher current densities and elevated temperatures. Gold-based metallization was implemented on GaAs devices because it uniquely forms a very low resistance ohmic contact and gold interconnects have superior electrical and thermal conductivity properties. Gold (Au) was also believed to have improved resistance to electromigration due to its higher melting temperature, yet electromigration reliability data on passivated Au interconnects is scarce and inadequate in the literature. Therefore, the objective of this research was to characterize the electromigration lifetimes of passivated Au interconnects under precisely controlled stress conditions with statistically relevant quantities to obtain accurate model parameters essential for extrapolation to normal operational conditions. This research objective was accomplished through measurement of electromigration lifetimes of large quantities of passivated electroplated Au interconnects utilizing high-resolution in-situ resistance monitoring equipment. Application of moderate accelerated stress conditions with a current density limited to 2 MA/cm2 and oven temperatures in the range of 300°C to 375°C avoided electrical overstress and severe Joule-heated temperature gradients. Temperature coefficients of resistance (TCRs) were measured to determine accurate Joule-heated Au interconnect film temperatures. A failure criterion of 50% resistance degradation was selected to prevent thermal runaway and catastrophic metal ruptures that are problematic of open circuit failure tests. Test structure design was optimized to reduce resistance variation and facilitate failure analysis. Characterization of the Au microstructure yielded a median grain size of 0.91 ìm. All Au lifetime distributions followed log-normal distributions and Black's model was found to be applicable. An activation energy of 0.80 ± 0.05 eV was measured from constant current electromigration tests at multiple temperatures. A current density exponent of 1.91 was extracted from multiple current densities at a constant temperature. Electromigration-induced void morphology along with these model parameters indicated grain boundary diffusion is dominant and the void nucleation mechanism controlled the failure time.
Book Synopsis Correlation Between Atomic Flux Divergence and Electromigration Voiding in Single-crystal Aluminum Interconnects by : Qingfeng Duan
Download or read book Correlation Between Atomic Flux Divergence and Electromigration Voiding in Single-crystal Aluminum Interconnects written by Qingfeng Duan and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Electromigration-Aware Integrated Circuit Design by : Jens Lienig
Download or read book Fundamentals of Electromigration-Aware Integrated Circuit Design written by Jens Lienig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book provides a comprehensive overview of electromigration and its effects on the reliability of electronic circuits. It introduces the physical process of electromigration, which gives the reader the requisite understanding and knowledge for adopting appropriate counter measures. A comprehensive set of options is presented for modifying the present IC design methodology to prevent electromigration. Finally, the authors show how specific effects can be exploited in present and future technologies to reduce electromigration’s negative impact on circuit reliability.
Download or read book Digital Technical Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Electromigration Behavior and Reliability of Bamboo Al(Cu) Interconnects for Integrated Circuits by : Vengallatore Thattai Srikar
Download or read book Electromigration Behavior and Reliability of Bamboo Al(Cu) Interconnects for Integrated Circuits written by Vengallatore Thattai Srikar and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
