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Author : Alfred Schneider
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (225 download)
Download or read book Electrochemical Methods in Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by Alfred Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Jinsuo Zhang
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813271388
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing And Waste Management written by Jinsuo Zhang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-08-07 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question of how to effectively, efficiently, and responsibly manage used nuclear fuels is a concern of major impediment in the light of today's increasing usage of nuclear power and development of advanced nuclear reactors. This book focuses on two significant areas of (used) nuclear fuel: the reprocessing technology, and waste disposal and management. The book covers the fundamental knowledge, the current state-of-the-art, and future research activities for each topic.This book provides readers with the fundamental knowledge behind of nuclear used fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste management, and their technical applications, and their requirements and practices; to make the readers aware of social, economic, and environmental concerns as well as technical research needs. The book covers two well-known and well-developed reprocessing technologies: aqueous reprocessing technology, and electrochemical pyroprocessing. On the subject of waste management, it covers the dry storage of used nuclear fuel, novel waste form design, and nuclear waste disposal.This book is a good guide for readers who want to understand, apply, or develop the technologies.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Electrochemical Methods for Reprocessing Defective Fuel Elements and for Decontaminating Equipment written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprocessing of fuel elements receives much consideration in nuclear engineering. Chemical and electrochemical methods are used for the purpose. For difficultly soluble materials based on zirconium alloys chemical methods are not suitable. Chemical reprocessing of defective or irradiated fuel elements requires special methods for their decladding because the dissolution of the clad material in nitric acid is either impossible (stainless steel, Zr alloys) or quite slow (aluminium). Fuel elements are cut in air-tight glove-boxes equipped with a dust collector and a feeder for crushed material. Chemical treatment is not free from limitations. For this reason we started a study of the feasibility of electrochemical methods for reprocessing defective and irradiated fuel elements. A simplified electrochemical technology developed makes it possible to recover expensive materials which were earlier wasted or required multi-step treatment. The method and an electrochemical cell are suitable for essentially complete dissolution of any fuel elements, specifically those made of materials which are difficultly soluble by chemical methods.
Author : Robin Taylor
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 178242217X
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (824 download)
Download or read book Reprocessing and Recycling of Spent Nuclear Fuel written by Robin Taylor and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-04-18 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reprocessing and Recycling of Spent Nuclear Fuel presents an authoritative overview of spent fuel reprocessing, considering future prospects for advanced closed fuel cycles. Part One introduces the recycling and reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, reviewing past and current technologies, the possible implications of Generation IV nuclear reactors, and associated safely and security issues. Parts Two and Three focus on aqueous-based reprocessing methods and pyrochemical methods, while final chapters consider the cross-cutting aspects of engineering and process chemistry and the potential for implementation of advanced closed fuel cycles in different parts of the world. - Expert introduction to the recycling and reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel - Detailed overview of past and current technologies, the possible implications of Generation IV nuclear reactors, and associated safely and security issues - A lucid exploration of aqueous-based reprocessing methods and pyrochemical methods
Download or read book A Study of Continuous Electrochemical Processing Operation Feasibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several methods of reprocessing are currently available to separate recyclable materials from spent nuclear fuel. Electrochemical processing, also known as pyroprocessing, represents a non-aqueous method of reprocessing that uses high temperature molten-salt based electrochemical technology. This method provides several advantages over conventional aqueous processing with respect to proliferation resistance. With electrochemical processing there is no pure plutonium separation and the presence of large decay heat and high radiation barriers dissuades diversion attempts. As the current electrochemical processing relies on a batch operation, the total throughput of the system is inherently limited and nuclear materials accounting is difficult due to the nonhomogeneous nature of the process. This results in much larger uncertainties in the total amount of material processed compared to the aqueous UREX+ or PUREX processes. Continuous electrochemical processing was considered as a way to address these concerns. The objective of this research was to investigate the feasibility of a continuous electrochemical processing operation to achieve the desired separation performance by using computer based simulation. The conceptual design of the continuous electrochemical processing includes two separate stages in a molten salt medium. First, a pure uranium deposit is collected at a solid cathode during the uranium extraction stage. When the amount of plutonium in electrorefiner becomes comparable or higher than the amount of uranium in the electrorefiner, a liquid cathode is employed to extract both uranium and plutonium in the second stage. In this approach, molten salt, as the material carrier, flows through the electrorefiner while chopped spent fuel is continuously fed into the system. Simulations of electrochemical reactions at the electrode surfaces were based on the kinetic modeling capability of a time-dependent code, REFIN. Based on a screening study performed for the.
Download or read book Equipment Specifications for an Electrochemical Fuel Reprocessing Plant written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical reprocessing is a technique used to chemically separate and dissolve the components of spent nuclear fuel, in order to produce new metal fuel. There are several different variations to electrochemical reprocessing. These variations are accounted for by both the production of different types of spent nuclear fuel, as well as different states and organizations doing research in the field. For this electrochemical reprocessing plant, the spent fuel will be in the metallurgical form, a product of fast breeder reactors, which are used in many nuclear power plants. The equipment line for this process is divided into two main categories, the fuel refining equipment and the fuel fabrication equipment. The fuel refining equipment is responsible for separating out the plutonium and uranium together, while getting rid of the minor transuranic elements and fission products. The fuel fabrication equipment will then convert this plutonium and uranium mixture into readily usable metal fuel.
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Author : Guna Seelan Selvaduray
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 688 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Comparative Evaluation of Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Techniques for Advances [i.e. Advanced] Fuel Cycle Concepts written by Guna Seelan Selvaduray and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kenneth L Nash
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0857092278
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (57 download)
Download or read book Advanced Separation Techniques for Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing and Radioactive Waste Treatment written by Kenneth L Nash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced separations technology is key to closing the nuclear fuel cycle and relieving future generations from the burden of radioactive waste produced by the nuclear power industry. Nuclear fuel reprocessing techniques not only allow for recycling of useful fuel components for further power generation, but by also separating out the actinides, lanthanides and other fission products produced by the nuclear reaction, the residual radioactive waste can be minimised. Indeed, the future of the industry relies on the advancement of separation and transmutation technology to ensure environmental protection, criticality-safety and non-proliferation (i.e., security) of radioactive materials by reducing their long-term radiological hazard.Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment provides a comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. Part one covers the fundamental chemistry, engineering and safety of radioactive materials separations processes in the nuclear fuel cycle, including coverage of advanced aqueous separations engineering, as well as on-line monitoring for process control and safeguards technology. Part two critically reviews the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment. The section includes discussions of advanced PUREX processes, the UREX+ concept, fission product separations, and combined systems for simultaneous radionuclide extraction. Part three details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, initially reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, highly selective compounds for solvent extraction, and developments in partitioning and transmutation processes that aim to close the nuclear fuel cycle. The book concludes with other advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction, supercritical fluid and ionic liquid extraction, and biological treatment processes.With its distinguished international team of contributors, Advanced separation techniques for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment is a standard reference for all nuclear waste management and nuclear safety professionals, radiochemists, academics and researchers in this field. - A comprehensive and timely reference on nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment - Details emerging and innovative treatment techniques, reviewing pyrochemical processes and engineering, as well as highly selective compounds for solvent extraction - Discusses the development and application of separation and extraction processes for nuclear fuel reprocessing and radioactive waste treatment
Author : Eric A. Schwarz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (75 download)
Download or read book Technology for Restarting Molten Salt Nuclear Fuel Chemistry at MU written by Eric A. Schwarz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear fuel reprocessing is a responsible choice for the continued expansion of a secure, safe and clean source of energy. While the classical method for recycling nuclear fuel is an aqueous liquid-liquid extraction, the use of a dry, non-aqueous electrochemical means of separating constituents is gaining attention. In the 1990's, the University of Missouri (MU) performed molten chemical experiments on mixed lanthanide and actinide systems appropriate for the separation of species known to be encountered when nuclear fuel is recycled. This project was completed by 2000 and new equipment must be ready to restart this electrochemical research. This work describes the technology that is now available to continue this work. Specifically, the containment required for keeping a clean environment for operations is described as well as a new reference electrode designed for molten salt electrochemistry that does not require Vycor or quartz in its construction and demonstrates good reliability. Some electrochemical examinations were conducted on samples of green mill tailings from a hematite mine in southeastern Missouri. These tailings are rich in rare-earth elements (lanthanides) which are technologically important for electronics manufacture. Separation of these elements into pure metals can be accomplished with far fewer waste products using a dry molten salt.
Author : Robert Oaks Hoover
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (922 download)
Download or read book Uranium and Zirconium Electrochemical Studies in LiCl-KCl Eutectic for Fundamental Applications in Used Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by Robert Oaks Hoover and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Measurement and analysis of uranium (U) and zirconium (Zr) electrochemistry in the molten salt system are extremely important to the fundamental understanding of electrochemical processing of used nuclear fuel currently operated at the Idaho National Laboratory. Few studies have been performed in the past with U and Zr at concentrations approaching those in the electrorefiner. For this main reason, a set of experiments, including cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronopotentiometry, and anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV), has been performed to explore different parameters in a system that are common to the electrorefiner's conditions. U experiments were performed at 773 K with concentrations from 1.0 to 10.0 wt% UCl3 in the LiCl-KCl, while Zr behavior was studied under three different temperature (723, 773, and 823 K) and at varying concentrations from 0.5 to 5 wt% ZrCl4. An additional set of experiments with UCl3-ZrCl4-LiCl-KCl was also performed to explore the behavior of these two species together. ASV and CV were analyzed as possible in-situ methods for analyzing concentration, with CV cathodic data showing the most promise. From these experiments, diffusivity (D), apparent standard reduction potential (E0*), and activity coefficients ([gamma]) were calculated. The values for D and E0* versus the Cl2/Cl- reference were determined to be: 773 K: DU(IV) = 1.26 ~ 10−5 cm2/s E0* U(IV)/U(III) = -1.453 V DU(III) = 2.16 ~ 10−5 cm2/s E0* U(III)/U = -2.552 V 723 - 823 K: DZr(IV) = 4.60 x 10−4exp(-3716/T) E0* Zr(IV)/Zr(II) = 0.002T - 3.508 DZr(II) = 0.027exp(-5619/T) E0* Zr(II)/Zr = 0.0007T - 2.908. Calculation of the E0* values required the standard rate constant (ks) which was not known for Zr. The results reveal that there is a weak effect of ks on E0*; for the current purpose, the value for U(III)/U has been used to facilitate the discussion. It appears that [gamma] values vary significantly depending on different used thermodynamic databases. Results from the combined UCl3-ZrCl4 study provide some insight to Zr recovery in the presence of UCl3. The CV data appear to show that Zr(II) may not fully reduce to Zr metal, forming instead ZrCl, which may be a possible impediment to electrorefining pure Zr metal.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070953
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Committee on Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment was formed in September 1994 in response to a request made to the National Research Council (NRC) by the U.S. Department of Energy DOE. DOE requested an evaluation of electrometallurgical processing technology proposed by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) for the treatment of DOE spent nuclear fuel. Electrometallurgical treatment of spent reactor fuel involves a set of operations designed to remove the remaining uranium metal and to incorporate the radioactive nuclides into well defined and reproducible waste streams. Over the course of the committee's operating life, this charge has remained constant. Within the framework of this overall charge, the scope of the committee's workâ€"as defined by its statement of taskâ€"has evolved in response to further requests from DOE, as well as technical accomplishments and regulatory and legal considerations. As part of its task, the committee has provided periodic assessments of ANL's R&D program on the electrometallurgical technology. Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment assesses the viability of electrometallurgical technology for treating DOE spent nuclear fuel and monitors the scientific and technical progress of the ANL program on electrometallurgical technology, specifically within the context of ANL's demonstration project on electrometallurgical treatment of EBR-II SNF. This report evaluates ANL's performance relative to the success criteria for the demonstration project, which have served as the basis for judging the efficacy of using electrometallurgical technology for the treatment of EBR-II spent nuclear fuel. It also addresses post-demonstration activities related to ANL's electrometallurgical demonstration project, and makes related recommendations in this area.
Author : Michael Woods
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (115 download)
Download or read book Electrochemical Separation of Multivalent Species on a Liquid Bismuth Cathode in LiCl-KCl Eutectic for Used Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing written by Michael Woods and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The presence of group I/II fission products (Cs-137, Sr-90, and Ba-137) within molten salt nuclear processes degrades operational efficiencies by contributing to increased radiation levels in the case of material handling processes or to loss of criticality in the case of a reactor. While methods such as zone freezing and ion exchange have been proven for the separation of these fission products in LiCl-KCl salts, they require extra equipment and processing steps. Addition of a liquid metal electrode to molten salt media, such as the electrorefiner of a pyroprocessing scheme or the salt cleaning stage of a molten salt fast reactor, offers the possibility to selectively extract group I/II fission products with minimal extra equipment. This work has studied the fundamental electrochemical behaviors of Cs, Sr, Ba, and Ce in LiCl-KCl at a liquid Bi cathode and produced values for their mass transport and kinetics properties. These have allowed for an assessment of a Bi cathode for electrochemical separations in a pyrochemical processing scheme.
Author : Nicholas Tsoulfanidis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461457165
Total Pages : 522 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Energy written by Nicholas Tsoulfanidis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nuclear Energy provides an authoritative reference on all aspects of the nuclear industry from fundamental reactor physics calculations to reactor design, nuclear fuel resources, nuclear fuel cycle, radiation detection and protection, and nuclear power economics. Featuring 19 peer-reviewed entries by recognized authorities in the field, this book provides comprehensive, streamlined coverage of fundamentals, current areas of research, and goals for the future. The chapters will appeal to undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and energy industry experts.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Front-end and Back-end Electrochemistry of Molten Salt in Accelerator-driven Transmutation Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this work is to develop preparation and clean-up processes for the fuel and carrier salt in the Los Alamos Accelerator-Driven Transmutation Technology molten salt nuclear system. The front-end or fuel preparation process focuses on the removal of fission products, uranium, and zirconium from spent nuclear fuel by utilizing electrochemical methods (i.e., electrowinning). The same method provides the separation of the so-called noble metal fission products at the back-end of the fuel cycle. Both implementations would have important diversion safeguards. The proposed separation processes and a thermodynamic analysis of the electrochemical separation method are presented.
Author : D. W. Shoesmith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (141 download)
Download or read book Application of electrochemical methods in the development of models for fuel dissolution and container corrosion under nuclear waste disposal conditions written by D. W. Shoesmith and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent inspections have indicated that carbon steel outlet feeder pipes in some candu reactors are experiencing wall loss near the exit from the reactor core. this phenomenon is not observed in inlet feeder pipes. examination of a sample of pipe removed from a candu 6 reactor has indicated that the mechanism causing the wall loss is flow-accelerated corrosion (fac), at rates higher than expected, but two orders of magnitude lower than those typically observed in secondary circuits of nuclear and conventional power plants. although the candu reactor outlet feeder operating temperatures and the use of lioh at a high ph should have ensured low corrosion rates, use of sa 106 grade b carbon steel with a low chromium content resulted in some susceptibility to fac. the main parameter influencing the rate of wall loss is the coolant velocity, with the bend angle playing a secondary role. a solubility-based mathematical model describing the effects of water chemistry and coolant hydrodynamics on the rate of fac has been developed and has been recently improved by the empirical incorporation of the effect of electrochemical potential on the solubility of magnetite. experiment and theory have indicated that the corrosion rates are lower at lower ph values within the permissible operating range. experiments are being conducted to obtain more information on the effects of water chemistry and material composition on fac. current results support the predicted effects of ph and carbon steel chromium content on the fac rate. remedial measures implemented include operation of existing reactors at the lower end of the specified ph range and the specification of a minimum of 0.20 wt% cr in the carbon steel of feeder pipes of future candu reactors.
Author : Ruxandra Bobolea
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 163 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (42 download)
Download or read book A Study of Continuous Electrochemical Processing Operation Feasibility for Spent Nuclear Fuel written by Ruxandra Bobolea and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keywords: diffusion layer thickness, continuous reprocessing, electrochemical processing, spent nuclear fuel, pyroprocessing, electrorefiner.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309052262
Total Pages : 590 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Wastes written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-02-23 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposal of radioactive waste from nuclear weapons production and power generation has caused public outcry and political consternation. Nuclear Wastes presents a critical review of some waste management and disposal alternatives to the current national policy of direct disposal of light water reactor spent fuel. The book offers clearcut conclusions for what the nation should do today and what solutions should be explored for tomorrow. The committee examines the currently used "once-through" fuel cycle versus different alternatives of separations and transmutation technology systems, by which hazardous radionuclides are converted to nuclides that are either stable or radioactive with short half-lives. The volume provides detailed findings and conclusions about the status and feasibility of plutonium extraction and more advanced separations technologies, as well as three principal transmutation concepts for commercial reactor spent fuel. The book discusses nuclear proliferation; the U.S. nuclear regulatory structure; issues of health, safety and transportation; the proposed sale of electrical energy as a means of paying for the transmutation system; and other key issues.
