Effects of Riparian Woody Vegetation Encroachment on Prairie Stream Structure and Function with Emphasis on Whole-stream Metabolism

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Book Synopsis Effects of Riparian Woody Vegetation Encroachment on Prairie Stream Structure and Function with Emphasis on Whole-stream Metabolism by : Alyssa J. Riley

Download or read book Effects of Riparian Woody Vegetation Encroachment on Prairie Stream Structure and Function with Emphasis on Whole-stream Metabolism written by Alyssa J. Riley and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the North American tallgrass prairie ecosystem has been converted to cropland or urbanized. One threat to the remaining prairie ecosystems, and the streams within, is woody vegetation encroachment. Stream productivity, measured as metabolism, is a fundamental process comprised of gross primary production (GPP) and (CR) community respiration. Understanding GPP and CR is important because these processes are vital to ecosystem function and can be impacted by a change in canopy cover. First, I investigated improvements in existing methods for estimating whole-stream metabolism as estimated from diel patterns of oxygen (O2). I compared measured and modeled O2 and aeration (a physical parameter required for measurement of metabolism) rates to determine if direct measurement of aeration is necessary and the importance of temperature correction of metabolism. Modeling was moderately successful in determining aeration rates, and temperature correction of GPP and CR substantially improved model fits. Second, effects of woody vegetation encroachment on prairie stream function were investigated. Stream metabolism was measured for four years in duplicate reaches with varying canopy cover (closed canopy, naturally open canopy, and vegetation removal reaches). The removal reaches had closed canopy for the first two years and open canopy for the last two years. Canopy cover increased CR rates and had minimal effects on GPP. Third, the same experiment was used to determine the effects of woody vegetation encroachment on prairie stream ecosystem structure and food web interactions. Chlorophyll a and filamentous algal biomass were greater in naturally open and vegetation removal reaches, although the effects were stronger on filamentous algal biomass. As canopy cover decreased, the filamentous algal biomass to chlorophyll ratio increased, indicating a shift in algal community structure. Stable isotope analysis indicated some shift in pathways of nitrogen and carbon flux into the food web related to degree of canopy cover, but overlap in the signature of food sources made distinct food sources difficult to identify. The data indicate that riparian encroachment can influence ecosystem structure and function in prairie streams and restoration to remove woody riparian cover may restore some ecosystem features of naturally open canopy streams.

Macroinvertebrate Responses to Removal of Riparian Woody Vegetation Along Tallgrass Prairie Streams

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Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (837 download)

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Book Synopsis Macroinvertebrate Responses to Removal of Riparian Woody Vegetation Along Tallgrass Prairie Streams by : Jodi M. Vandermyde

Download or read book Macroinvertebrate Responses to Removal of Riparian Woody Vegetation Along Tallgrass Prairie Streams written by Jodi M. Vandermyde and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Woody vegetation encroachment has become a major threat to tallgrass prairie streams mainly because of fire suppression. This process converts prairie streams from open to closed canopy systems. The effects of these riparian changes are poorly understood, but the relative importance of basal resources presumably shifts from primarily autochthonous to allochthonous with increasing canopy cover, potentially altering macroinvertebrate functional structure and production. To assess the effects of woody vegetation encroachment on stream ecosystem structure and function, riparian trees were removed from two headwater stream reaches on the Konza Prairie Biological Station (KPBS) in eastern Kansas. Experimental stream reaches were compared to streams with naturally open and closed canopies before and after the manipulation. Riparian forest removal altered macroinvertebrate production and functional structure, but higher macroinvertebrate production in canopy removal reaches compared to naturally open reaches suggested natural conditions were not restored one year after riparian removal. However, macroinvertebrate communities in naturally open and canopy removal reaches became more similar after riparian removal. Functional structure, based on production, in naturally open and canopy removal reaches after riparian removal was dominated by scrapers (45-60% of total production), with similar proportions of collector-gatherers (12-26%) and predators (15-25%). Collector-filterers and shredders contributed

Role of Riparian Vegetation in the Metabolism and Structure of Stream Ecosystems

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (54 download)

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Book Synopsis Role of Riparian Vegetation in the Metabolism and Structure of Stream Ecosystems by : Kenneth W. Cummins

Download or read book Role of Riparian Vegetation in the Metabolism and Structure of Stream Ecosystems written by Kenneth W. Cummins and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Factors Affecting Denitrification in Headwater Prairie Streams

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (648 download)

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Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Denitrification in Headwater Prairie Streams by : Alexander Joseph Reisinger

Download or read book Factors Affecting Denitrification in Headwater Prairie Streams written by Alexander Joseph Reisinger and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human-induced stressors such as increased nitrogen (N) loadings, altered watershed land-use, and biodiversity losses are a few of the numerous threats to aquatic systems. Prairie streams experience natural disturbances, such as flooding and desiccation, which may alter responses to anthropogenic stressors. Denitrification, the dissimilatory reduction of NO3- to N gas (N2O or N2), is the only permanent form of N removal from terrestrial or aquatic ecosystems, and is important in mitigating N pollution to streams and downstream waters. Little is known about the relationships between denitrification and riparian prairie vegetation or large consumers. In the first chapter, I used outdoor mesocosms to determine the impact of a grazing minnow, Campostoma anomalum, on structural and functional responses of prairie streams to a simulated flood, focusing on denitrification. In terrestrial ecosystems, grazing can stimulate denitrification, but this has not been studied in streams. Ammonium (NH4+) enrichments, used to simulate fish excretion, alleviated N limitations on denitrification. Both fish and NH4+ affected algal biomass accrual, but only fish affected algal filament lengths and particulate organic matter. In a second experiment, I examined the impact of woody vegetation expansion, a primary threat to tallgrass prairie, on riparian and benthic denitrification. Expansion of woody vegetation in these grasslands is due primarily to altered fire regimes, which historically inhibited woody vegetation growth. To determine the effect of woody vegetation expansion on benthic and riparian denitrification, woody vegetation was removed from the riparian zone of a grazed and an ungrazed watershed. Both soil and benthic denitrification rates from this removal buffer were compared to rates in grassy or woody riparian zones. Riparian soil denitrification was highly seasonal, with greatest rates occurring during early spring, and rates being low throughout the remainder of the year. Benthic denitrification was also temporally variable but did not exhibit seasonal trends, suggesting benthic denitrification is driven by factors other than water temperature. Removal of woody vegetation stimulated soil and benthic denitrification rates over rates found in naturally vegetated riparian zones. Elevated N loadings will continue to affect aquatic ecosystems, and these effects may be exacerbated by biodiversity losses or changing riparian vegetation.

The Effects of Stream Restoration on Woody Riparian Vegetation in the Northwestern North Carolina Mountain Region

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (658 download)

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Book Synopsis The Effects of Stream Restoration on Woody Riparian Vegetation in the Northwestern North Carolina Mountain Region by : Christopher Todd Kaase

Download or read book The Effects of Stream Restoration on Woody Riparian Vegetation in the Northwestern North Carolina Mountain Region written by Christopher Todd Kaase and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Influence of Riparian Vegetation on Stream Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in an Old Growth Forest

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (56 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Riparian Vegetation on Stream Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in an Old Growth Forest by : Dean Frederick Messer

Download or read book The Influence of Riparian Vegetation on Stream Macroinvertebrate Community Structure in an Old Growth Forest written by Dean Frederick Messer and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Influence of Legacy Disturbance on Functional Connections Between Geomorphology and Organic Matter Dynamics in Mountain Streams

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
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Book Synopsis Influence of Legacy Disturbance on Functional Connections Between Geomorphology and Organic Matter Dynamics in Mountain Streams by : Claire Marie Ruffing

Download or read book Influence of Legacy Disturbance on Functional Connections Between Geomorphology and Organic Matter Dynamics in Mountain Streams written by Claire Marie Ruffing and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geomorphic properties of streams are linked to ecosystem function through processes related to storage, transport, and other drivers regulating biogeochemical conditions. Disturbances altering the physical template of a stream are associated with cascading impacts on ecosystem function. However, few disturbances are studied at long time scales and so the legacy of such events and the implications for ecosystem structure and function are not well understood. This research investigates the role of historic tie-driving, a channel disturbance legacy, in shaping present-day stream channel conditions in the Rocky Mountain region and the associated implications for organic matter dynamics. Using a combination of geomorphic and riparian surveys, organic matter and vegetation sampling, and modeling, I show that components of mountain stream ecosystems have recovered from tie-driving at varying rates. First, I addressed how tie-driving has altered channel morphology and wood loading. Tie-driven streams are narrower, shallower, less rough, and have less wood than non-driven reference reaches. In a second study, I focused on differences in carbon storage within the stream and riparian area between tie-driven and non-driven streams. Carbon stored on the landscape represents a long-term component of the terrestrial carbon cycle and some, but not all, components have been impacted by tie-driving. Large instream wood, coarse downed wood, and fine downed wood were identified as carbon storage components that were significantly smaller in tie-driven stream-riparian corridors. Finally, I modeled whole stream ecosystem metabolism and tested whether abiotic drivers influenced variations in rates of gross primary productivity (GPP), ecosystem respiration (ER), and net ecosystem productivity (NEP). Results from this work suggest that rates of GPP were significantly different between tie-driven and non-driven streams and were partially explained by variations in light related to canopy structure. However, variations in ER and NEP were not significantly different between tie-driven and non-driven sites. Taken as a whole, this work shows that ecosystems bear the imprint of historic disturbances but individual ecosystem components recover at differing rates. Additionally, integrating stream hydro-geomorphic and ecological dynamics is an effective approach to understanding the impact of channel disturbances in shaping ecosystem function at a variety of spatial and temporal scales.

Impact of Woody Riparian Vegetation Along Streams on Aquatic Biodiversity

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Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (138 download)

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Book Synopsis Impact of Woody Riparian Vegetation Along Streams on Aquatic Biodiversity by : Martin Palt

Download or read book Impact of Woody Riparian Vegetation Along Streams on Aquatic Biodiversity written by Martin Palt and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Influence of Riparian Vegetation on Total Organic Carbon in Restored Streams After Replanting

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)

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Book Synopsis The Influence of Riparian Vegetation on Total Organic Carbon in Restored Streams After Replanting by : Tatiana J. Burkett

Download or read book The Influence of Riparian Vegetation on Total Organic Carbon in Restored Streams After Replanting written by Tatiana J. Burkett and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As stream restoration is performed, riparian vegetation should be considered during any required construction. Since riparian inputs affect the carbon budget and the biogeochemistry of aquatic ecosystems, it is critical that carbon dynamics are examined when replanting is necessary. Floodplain reconstruction was implemented within the Robinson Fork catchment in Western Pennsylvania requiring widespread replanting. With future restoration to occur at Ryerson Station State Park and growth in stream and wetland restoration, it is imperative to ensure that the constructed riparian zones meet the restoration targets. This study asks if floodplain reconnection restoration including change in riparian vegetation impacts the amount of total organic carbon available in water and sediment. I measured aquatic total organic carbon alongside carbon sources, such as woody debris, leaf litter, and riparian vegetation, to analyze this relationship. With streams in Ryerson Station State Park representing a pre-restoration or unrestored condition, this thesis compares the the effects of the construction on carbon in the ecosystem. Statistical analysis showed that, when compared to total organic carbon, woody debris, leaf litter accumulation, soil organic matter and area weighted mean coefficient of conservatism were found not statistically different between restored and unrestored conditions, however the change in soil organic matter and area weighted mean coefficient of conservatism calculated from vegetation analysis were found to be statistically different between restoration statuses. It can be concluded from this study that after floodplain reconnection restoration as implemented in Robinson Fork, the replanted riparian vegetation does not differently affect the aquatic total organic carbon at Ryerson Station State Park and Robinson Fork

Effects of Riparian Vegetation on Braided Stream Dynamics

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Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (156 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Riparian Vegetation on Braided Stream Dynamics by : Karen Bobbitt Gran

Download or read book Effects of Riparian Vegetation on Braided Stream Dynamics written by Karen Bobbitt Gran and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309045346
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (453 download)

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Book Synopsis Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems by : National Research Council

Download or read book Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aldo Leopold, father of the "land ethic," once said, "The time has come for science to busy itself with the earth itself. The first step is to reconstruct a sample of what we had to begin with." The concept he expressedâ€"restorationâ€"is defined in this comprehensive new volume that examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands. Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystems outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. The committee examines: Key concepts and techniques used in restoration. Common factors in successful restoration efforts. Threats to the health of the nation's aquatic ecosystems. Approaches to evaluation before, during, and after a restoration project. The emerging specialties of restoration and landscape ecology.

Stream Corridor Restoration

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Publisher : National Technical Info Svc
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Stream Corridor Restoration by :

Download or read book Stream Corridor Restoration written by and published by National Technical Info Svc. This book was released on 1998 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a cooperative effort among fifteen Federal agencies and partners to produce a common reference on stream corridor restoration. It responds to a growing national and international interest in restoring stream corridors.

Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (166 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management by : Earl Shaver

Download or read book Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management written by Earl Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Monitoring Ecological Impacts

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521065290
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (652 download)

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Book Synopsis Monitoring Ecological Impacts by : Barbara J. Downes

Download or read book Monitoring Ecological Impacts written by Barbara J. Downes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-06-12 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Monitoring Ecological Impacts provides the tools needed to design assessment programs that can reliably monitor, detect, and allow management of human impacts on the natural environment. The procedures described are well-grounded in inferential logic, and the statistical models needed to analyse complex data are given. Step-by-step guidelines and flow diagrams provide clear and useable protocols which can be applied in any region of the world, a wide range of human impacts, and any ecosystem. In addition, real examples are used to show how the theory can be put into practice.

Biogeochemistry of Wetlands

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429531931
Total Pages : 926 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Wetlands by : K. Ramesh Reddy

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.

Fire Effects Guide

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Fire Effects Guide by :

Download or read book Fire Effects Guide written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Only in Africa

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Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108832598
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Only in Africa by : Norman Owen-Smith

Download or read book Only in Africa written by Norman Owen-Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-10-07 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demonstrates how Africa's physical features, savannas and abundant grazers enabled frugivorous apes to become savanna-living hunters.