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Effects Of Land Use And Land Cover Change On The Water Cycle In The Amazon Basin Under A Changing Climate
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Book Synopsis Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Water Cycle in the Amazon Basin Under a Changing Climate by :
Download or read book Effects of Land Use and Land Cover Change on the Water Cycle in the Amazon Basin Under a Changing Climate written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In addition, secondary forest takes more carbon from the atmosphere than pasture sites, playing an important role on carbon uptake from the atmosphere together with primary forest, minimizing emission from deforestation.
Book Synopsis Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate by : Pavel Kabat
Download or read book Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate written by Pavel Kabat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. The text deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change. The results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.
Book Synopsis Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin by : Laszlo Nagy
Download or read book Interactions Between Biosphere, Atmosphere and Human Land Use in the Amazon Basin written by Laszlo Nagy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a panorama of recent scientific achievements produced through the framework of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere programme (LBA) and other research programmes in the Brazilian Amazon. The content is highly interdisciplinary, with an overarching aim to contribute to the understanding of the dynamic biophysical and societal/socio-economic structure and functioning of Amazonia as a regional entity and its regional and global climatic teleconnections. The target readership includes advanced undergraduate and post-graduate students and researchers seeking to untangle the gamut of interactions that the Amazon’s complex biophysical and social system represent.
Book Synopsis Amazonia and Global Change by : Michael Keller
Download or read book Amazonia and Global Change written by Michael Keller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 1472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 186. Amazonia and Global Change synthesizes results of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) for scientists and students of Earth system science and global environmental change. LBA, led by Brazil, asks how Amazonia currently functions in the global climate and biogeochemical systems and how the functioning of Amazonia will respond to the combined pressures of climate and land use change, such as Wet season and dry season aerosol concentrations and their effects on diffuse radiation and photosynthesis Increasing greenhouse gas concentration, deforestation, widespread biomass burning and changes in the Amazonian water cycle Drought effects and simulated drought through rainfall exclusion experiments The net flux of carbon between Amazonia and the atmosphere Floodplains as an important regulator of the basin carbon balance including serving as a major source of methane to the troposphere The impact of the likely increased profitability of cattle ranching. The book will serve a broad community of scientists and policy makers interested in global change and environmental issues with high-quality scientific syntheses accessible to nonspecialists in a wide community of social scientists, ecologists, atmospheric chemists, climatologists, and hydrologists.
Book Synopsis Evaluating Climate Variability and Coupling Strength of Land-atmosphere Interactions Across the Amazon Basin by : Nafiseh Haghtalab
Download or read book Evaluating Climate Variability and Coupling Strength of Land-atmosphere Interactions Across the Amazon Basin written by Nafiseh Haghtalab and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amazon basin, which contains about 60% of tropical rainforests in the world, plays vital roles in regulating climate patterns, sustaining ecosystem services, contributing to global biodiversity, and cycling nutrients. These services, however, have been disrupted by human activities within the region due to infrastructure development and resource extraction. These land-use changes have impacts from local to global scales, particularly on climate and hydrologic cycles, but the extent to which is unclear. Therefore, it is essential to examine precipitation variability and look for drivers of changes at multiple spatio-temporal scales. Analysis of hot spots of land-atmosphere interactions highlights the areas where changes in land surface characteristics influence the atmosphere behavior the most. This dissertation focuses on climate variability and land-atmosphere coupling across the Amazon basin. Research questions are addressed in three self-contained chapters. Chapter 2 examines the changes in precipitation amount and intensity using a high-resolution (0.05℗ʻ spatial resolution) gridded data set (CHIRPS) from 1982 to 2018. Several precipitation indices are developed to analyze trends using the Mann-Kendall test. Our results show landscape-scale changes in the timing and intensity of rainfall events. Specifically, wet areas of the western basin have become significantly wetter since 1982, with an increase of 182 mm of rainfall per year. In the eastern and southern regions, where deforestation is widespread, a significant drying trend is evident. In chapter 3, we aim to examine the impacts of potential tropical reforestation on surface energy and moisture budgets, including precipitation. We simulated changes in heat and moisture fluxes due to tropical reforestation using WRF.V3.9 (Weather Research and Forecast model) to analyze the sensitivity and magnitude of changes to the surface fluxes due to reforestation in the Amazon Basin. We found that the effects of reforestation on the atmosphere were more evident during the dry season; spatial patterns of the changes in atmospheric behavior due to reforestation were consistent with the pattern of land cover change, and the cooling effect of reforestation was evident at seasonal time scale. In chapter 4, following the results of chapter 3 on the effects of land surface characteristics on atmosphere behavior, we aim to find hot spots of strong land-atmosphere (L-A) coupling across the basin at regional scales. Strong land-atmosphere coupling is critical to understanding precipitation dynamics. Therefore, we applied two commonly used coupling approaches at the regional spatial scale and monthly temporal scale. Ultimately, we recommend a new metric considering more physical relationships, interactions, and lag times between variables. We found that the spatial pattern of hot spots is highly dependent on the temporal and spatial scales of analysis. Also, the interactions among variables within the boundary layer play a more important role in determining the hot spots of strong L-A coupling. Overall, the evidence provided here suggests that (1) precipitation distribution has changed over time (1982-2018) with wet areas getting wetter and dry areas getting drier across the Amazon basin; (2) reforestation of deforested regions across the basin moderates atmospheric patterns and behavior; (3) hot spots of strong L-A coupling are highly dependent on temporal and spatial scales of analysis as well as parameters interactions within the boundary layer.
Book Synopsis Investigating Climate and Land Cover Driven Changes to Surface and Groundwater Resources Across Scales in the Amazon Basin by : Brent Porter Heerspink
Download or read book Investigating Climate and Land Cover Driven Changes to Surface and Groundwater Resources Across Scales in the Amazon Basin written by Brent Porter Heerspink and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Amazon River and its associated tropical rainforest represent one of the words most important freshwater systems. The Amazon responsible for globally important water, nutrient and energy fluxes. Together the river and rainforest account for ~20% of global freshwater, 10% of global species diversity and store roughly 150Pg of carbon. Alterations to the Amazon's landscape including deforestation, agricultural expansion, infrastructure development, increased forest fire occurrence and changing precipitation patterns threaten the stability of the system. In this thesis, I work toward a better understanding how water resources are responding to changes in climate and land cover across the Amazon Basin. In Chapter 1, I investigate how deforestation and climate change have altered the water balance in the Amazon Basin. Specifically, I used statistical analyses to quantify changes in streamflow, groundwater storage, and evapotranspiration, and link these the observed changes in land cover and precipitation. In Chapter 2, I focus on how groundwater dynamics are altered by deforestation and conversation to agriculture. To address these question, I developed a groundwater model for a site representative of the heavily defrosted southern headwaters of the Amazon Basin. Together, these efforts reveal how deforestation and climate change are effecting water resources in the Amazon. Better understanding these effects will be crucial to developing policy that balances resource development and environmental impact in this critically important region.
Author :Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :1009177052 Total Pages :910 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (91 download)
Book Synopsis Climate Change and Land by : Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Download or read book Climate Change and Land written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-08 with total page 910 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is the leading international body for assessing the science related to climate change. It provides policymakers with regular assessments of the scientific basis of human-induced climate change, its impacts and future risks, and options for adaptation and mitigation. This IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land (SRCCL) is the most comprehensive and up-to-date scientific assessment of the multiple interactions between climate change and land, assessing climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, and greenhouse gas fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems. It assesses the options for governance and decision-making across multiple scales. It serves policymakers, decision makers, stakeholders, and all interested parties with unbiased, up-to-date, policy-relevant information. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Book Synopsis Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate by : Pavel Kabat
Download or read book Vegetation, Water, Humans and the Climate written by Pavel Kabat and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A state-of-the-art overview of the influence of terrestrial vegetation and soils within the Earth system. The text deals especially with interactions between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere via the hydrological cycle and their interlinkage with anthropogenic activities. Measurements gathered in integrated field experiments in the Sahel, the Amazon, North America and South-east Asia confirm the importance of these interactions. Observations are complemented by modelling studies, including regional models that simulate flows and transport in river catchments, coupled land-cover and regional climate systems, and Earth-system and global circulation models. Water, nutrient and sediment fluxes in river basins are also discussed and are shown to be highly impacted and regulated by humans through land use, pollution and river engineering. Finally, the book discusses environmental vulnerability and methodologies for assessing the risks associated with regional and global climatic and environmental variability and change. The results reported in this book are based on the research work of many individual scientists and teams around the world associated with the objectives of the IGBP-BAHC and WCRP-GEWEX international research programmes.
Book Synopsis Global Environmental Change and Land Use by : Han Haarman
Download or read book Global Environmental Change and Land Use written by Han Haarman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between environmental change and human activities is com plex, requiring the concepts and tools of a number of disciplines for its effective analysis. Land-use and land-cover change has only recently become a topic susceptible to scientific research, as these concepts and tools have been devel oped and made available. Rooted in a broad community concemed with global change, systematic research has begun into land-use systems at different scales and interactions, and their links with global cyc1es of water, nitrogen and carbon are being explored. Partly based on research initiated by the Dutch National Research Programme on Global Air PolIution and Climate Change (NRP), this book touches upon various land-use and land-cover issues in relation to global environmental change. In addition to the biogeochemical cyc1es, land as a car rier for functions of economic activities, food and fibre production and energy production via biomass are discussed. Crucial in studying land use is human behaviour and man-environment interaction at different scales. Land-use and land-cover change is an important contrlbutor of greenhouse gasses as these activities directly interfere with the carbon, nitrogen and water cyc1es. These cyc1es are connected through numerous feedback loops. The interface of land-use and c1imate is essentially determined by the interaction of man and the environment. Man uses land primarily to produce food; a relatively small area is needed for urban development.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Climate Change and Climate Variability on Hydrological Regimes by : Jan C. van Dam
Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change and Climate Variability on Hydrological Regimes written by Jan C. van Dam and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-10-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the implications of possible climate changes and variability on both global and regional water resources.
Book Synopsis Hydrological connectivity and sustainable watershed management in a changing environment by : Yang Yu
Download or read book Hydrological connectivity and sustainable watershed management in a changing environment written by Yang Yu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-04 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Geophysiology of Amazonia by : Robert E. Dickinson
Download or read book The Geophysiology of Amazonia written by Robert E. Dickinson and published by Wiley-Interscience. This book was released on 1987-02-13 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate, vegetation, and human interactions in the Amazon. Introduction to vegetation and climate interactions in the humid tropics. Geophysiology: a new look at earth science. Climate, natural vegetation, and soils in Amazonia: an overview. Causes of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. Dam building the Tropics: some environmental and social consequences. Species diversity, phenology, plant - animal interactions, and their correlation with climate, as illustrated by the Brazil Nut family (Lecythidaceae). Climate change in the humid tropics, especially amazonia, over th last twenty thousand years. Biogeochemical cycles in the tropics. Role of the tropics in atmospheric chemistry. Contribution of tropical ecosystems to the global budgets of trace gases, especially CH4, H2, CO, and N2O. Influence of a tropical forest on air chemistry. Biological processes and productivity of soils in the humid tropics. Effects of deforestation on soil properties and microclimate of a high rain forest in Southern Nigeria. Element cycling in the Amazon Basin: a riverine perspective. Climate, micrometeorology, ant the hydrological cycle in the moist tropics. Micrometeorology of an Amazonian Rain Forest. The forest and the hydrological cycle. Modeling effects of vegetation on climate. Tropical climate and general circulation: its susceptibility to human intervention. Interactions between convective and large-scale motions over Amazonia. On the dynamic climatology of the Amazon Basin and associated rain-producing mechanisms. General circulation modeling and the tropics. Effects of change in land use on climate in the humid tropics.
Book Synopsis Land-Use and Land-Cover Change by : Eric F. Lambin
Download or read book Land-Use and Land-Cover Change written by Eric F. Lambin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents recent estimates on the rate of change of major land classes. Aggregated globally, multiple impacts of local land changes are shown to significantly affect central aspects of Earth System functioning. The book offers innovative developments and applications in the fields of modeling and scenario construction. Conclusions are also drawn about the most pressing implications for the design of appropriate intervention policies.
Book Synopsis Challenges of a Changing Earth by : Will Steffen
Download or read book Challenges of a Changing Earth written by Will Steffen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on plenary presentations from Challenges of a Changing Earth, a Global Change Open Science Conference held in Amsterdam, The Neth- lands, in July 2001. The meeting brought together about 1400 scientists from 105 co- tries around the world to describe, discuss and debate the latest scientific - derstanding of natural and human-driven changes to our planet. It examined the effects of these changes on our societies and our lives, and explored what the future might hold. The presentations drew upon global change science from an exceptionally wide range of disciplines and approaches. Issues of societal importance – the food system, air quality, the carbon cycle, and water resources – were highlighted from both policy and science perspectives. Many of the talks presented the exciting scientific advances of the past decade of international research on global change. Several challenged the scientific community in the future. What are the visionary and creative new approaches needed for studying a complex planetary system in which human activities are in- mately interwoven with natural processes? This volume aims to capture the timeliness and excitement of the science p- sented in Amsterdam. The plenary speakers were given a daunting task: to reproduce their presentations in a way that delivers their scientific messages accurately and in sufficient detail but at the same time reaches a very broad audience well beyond their own disciplines. Furthermore, they were required to do this in just a few pages.
Book Synopsis Amazonia and Global Change by : Michael Keller
Download or read book Amazonia and Global Change written by Michael Keller and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2009-01-12 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 186. Amazonia and Global Change synthesizes results of the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA) for scientists and students of Earth system science and global environmental change. LBA, led by Brazil, asks how Amazonia currently functions in the global climate and biogeochemical systems and how the functioning of Amazonia will respond to the combined pressures of climate and land use change, such as Wet season and dry season aerosol concentrations and their effects on diffuse radiation and photosynthesis Increasing greenhouse gas concentration, deforestation, widespread biomass burning and changes in the Amazonian water cycle Drought effects and simulated drought through rainfall exclusion experiments The net flux of carbon between Amazonia and the atmosphere Floodplains as an important regulator of the basin carbon balance including serving as a major source of methane to the troposphere The impact of the likely increased profitability of cattle ranching. The book will serve a broad community of scientists and policy makers interested in global change and environmental issues with high-quality scientific syntheses accessible to nonspecialists in a wide community of social scientists, ecologists, atmospheric chemists, climatologists, and hydrologists.
Book Synopsis Water Resources in the Amazon Basin by : Marcos Heil Costa
Download or read book Water Resources in the Amazon Basin written by Marcos Heil Costa and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Impact of Land Cover and Land Use Changes on the Hydrological Cycle of the Tarim Basin, NW China by : Yang Yang
Download or read book The Impact of Land Cover and Land Use Changes on the Hydrological Cycle of the Tarim Basin, NW China written by Yang Yang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tarim Basin, located in NW China, is the largest inland basin in the world. Since the 1970s, the basin became modernized agriculturally through unprecedented reclamation, which were initiated and controlled by the central Chinese government to promote cotton production. In 2013, 40% of China's cotton production was harvested from agricultural lands in the Tarim Basin, representing 15% of world production. However, these large scale land use transformations lead to overuse of water resources in the upper and middle reaches for irrigation, with severe unintended ecological consequences in the lower reaches. The lower reaches of the Tarim River dried up gradually during the 1970s. In 2000, a water release project was launched to meet the ecological water demands of the river's lower reaches. So far there have been 15 water releases with 1.7 billion USD invested. This work aims to improve our understanding of the impacts on the hydrologic cycle from land-use/land-cover change activities in the Tarim Basin by working across different disciplines and integrating them to portray all the key processes involved. This multidisciplinary approach includes analysis of remotely sensed data, application of a dynamic crop modeling framework, and simulation analyses with a transient, 2D, variably-saturated groundwater model. My primary findings show that in 2006, over 25000 km2 were identified as irrigated field. This is a 41% increase from 1970s, when the total irrigated area was only 18250 km2. The rapid expansions in irrigate fields, together with climate change, have affected the partitioning of water between the land surface and the lower atmosphere through changing evapotranspiration patterns. Approximately 7 km3 of water entered the atmosphere through crop evapotranspiration in 1971, but by 2006 this value had increased to nearly 11 km3. But changes in climatic conditions accounted for only 20% of the total increase in ET. In terms of ecological restoration, the study shows that although the current water release protocols can maintain the present habitat for Populus euphratica, they are not sufficient to expand or restore this valued riparian vegetation to its former state. By addressing the hydrological and ecological implications of agricultural expansion, the overarching goal of this research is to identify sustainable strategies to reverse these negative environmental effects in the Tarim Basin.
