Effects Of Hybridization Feeding Behavior And Parity Rates Of The Common House Mosquito Culex Pipiens L On Late Season West Nile Virus Activity

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Effects of Hybridization, Feeding Behavior, and Parity Rates of the Common House Mosquito (Culex Pipiens L.) on Late Season West Nile Virus Activity

Author : Linda-Lou O'Connor
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549926832
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (268 download)

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Book Synopsis Effects of Hybridization, Feeding Behavior, and Parity Rates of the Common House Mosquito (Culex Pipiens L.) on Late Season West Nile Virus Activity by : Linda-Lou O'Connor

Download or read book Effects of Hybridization, Feeding Behavior, and Parity Rates of the Common House Mosquito (Culex Pipiens L.) on Late Season West Nile Virus Activity written by Linda-Lou O'Connor and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mosquitoes in the Culex pipiens complex are principal vectors of West Nile virus (WNV) in the Northeastern United States. Understanding the life-history parameters and feeding behavior of these mosquitoes is critical in determining vector capacity and human exposure. I used age structure and mortality rates to determine the life-history parameters of Delaware's Culex pipiens population. Further, I associated blood host preference with their genetic makeup using multilocus microsatellite genetic analysis. Mosquitoes were collected at locations that previously showed elevated WNV epizootic activity in 2003 and 2004. Parity rates (i.e. proportion of females that oviposited at least one egg raft) for Cx. pipiens at three of these locations were examined over the mosquito season (June to October) to determine the age structure and daily mortality rate of the population. Parous females increase from 52 percent in June to 98.6 percent in late September indicating a physiologically older population later in the season. By late August, average daily mortality was less than 10 percent and remained low through the end of the biting season. Physiologically and physically older females may be more generalist feeders because of a reduction in metabolic activity, lack of avian hosts, or changes in behavior related to changes in daylight or temperature. Longitudinal comparisons at five sites in 2005 and at six sites in 2006 for virus activity, using standard mosquito surveillance methods, monitoring sentinel chickens, and native birds for antibody seroconversions. Several sites showed continued enzootic WNV activity based on virus-positive mosquitoes and antibody seroconversions in sentinel chickens. In 2005, over 24,000 mosquitoes were tested for WNV. Virus was detected at one study site in mosquitoes from the Cx. pipiens complex. Over 32,000 mosquitoes were tested in 2006. The enzootic focus spread to three sites, with positive mosquito pools from Cx. pipiens, Cx. salinarius, Ochlerotatus triseriatus and unidentified Culex species. In 2006, five of six sites had native resident birds with positive WNV-antibodies. Antibody seroconversions in these birds were the first indicator of WNV enzootic activity at our study sites, preceding infections detected in mosquitoes and sentinel chickens by 3-5 weeks. Host feeding patterns for blooded females collected in the field was carried out using a PCR-heteroduplex assay and sequencing protocol. Approximately 35% of the host meals were identified from the engorged mosquitoes submitted for analysis. Culex salinarius appeared to be a generalist feeder, while Cx. pipiens and Cx. restuans fed predominantly on avian hosts; however, mid-September and October bloodmeal analyses on the latter two species suggest a more opportunistic feeding behavior late in the biting season. Culex pipiens populations sampled from three sites were analyzed using 6 microsatellite DNA markers to determine the extent of hybridization among Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. pipiens f. pipiens, and Cx. pipiens f. molestus . There was no correlation between late season and an increase in molestus genetic signature. Blood-meal host choice tests for Cx. pipiens hybrids were carried out three days after emergence using a specially designed chamber in the laboratory. There were no significant differences in attractiveness for a chicken or hamster host. Most early season Cx. pipiens did not choose a host; however, mosquitoes from eggs oviposited in August were more likely to make a choice, suggesting that there may be behavioral or hormonal differences in these mosquitoes. Genetic analysis of laboratory-tested Cx. pipiens revealed no correlation between a strong molestus signature and mammalian blood feeding. These results might be the result of recombination events between diagnostic genetic markers for Cx. pipiens f. molestus and the genes that dictate bloodmeal preference.

Molecular Characterization of Adult Diapause in the Northern House Mosquito, Culex Pipiens

Author : Rebecca M. Robich
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (616 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Characterization of Adult Diapause in the Northern House Mosquito, Culex Pipiens by : Rebecca M. Robich

Download or read book Molecular Characterization of Adult Diapause in the Northern House Mosquito, Culex Pipiens written by Rebecca M. Robich and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: One of the primary avian vectors of West Nile virus in the northern United States, Culex pipiens (L.), enters an adult diapause in late summer and early fall in response to short daylength and low temperature. The mosquitoes first appear in overwintering sites such as caves, culverts, and unheated basements as early as August and remain there until spring when environmental conditions again become favorable for development. Only females enter diapause and most are inseminated prior to entering the hibernation site. In preparation for diapause, females increase their lipid reserves by feeding on sugar-rich sources such as nectar and rotting fruit. Although females programmed for diapause can be enticed to take a blood meal by being placed in close proximity to a host, it appears this rarely, if ever, happens in the field. Failure of diapausing females to take a blood meal is presumably the reason that so few of the overwintering females harbor West Nile virus. Many aspects of diapause in Cx. pipiens have been well documented. There is a good database that describes the physiological features of this diapause, its environmental regulators, and the hormonal control mechanism. What is currently lacking is an understanding of its molecular underpinning. In this study, suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) is used to identify genes that are differentially expressed during the adult diapause of Cx. pipiens. Expression patterns are confirmed by northern blot hybridization, and the regulated genes that have been identified are discussed in the context of their possible functional contributions to diapause.

Insect Diapause

Author : David L. Denlinger
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108755186
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Diapause by : David L. Denlinger

Download or read book Insect Diapause written by David L. Denlinger and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-03 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our highly seasonal world restricts insect activity to brief portions of the year. This feature necessitates a sophisticated interpretation of seasonal changes and enactment of mechanisms for bringing development to a halt and then reinitiating it when the inimical season is past. The dormant state of diapause serves to bridge the unfavourable seasons, and its timing provides a powerful mechanism for synchronizing insect development. This book explores how seasonal signals are monitored and used by insects to enact specific molecular pathways that generate the diapause phenotype. The broad perspective offered here scales from the ecological to the molecular and thus provides a comprehensive view of this exciting and vibrant research field, offering insights on topics ranging from pest management, evolution, speciation, climate change and disease transmission, to human health, as well as analogies with other forms of invertebrate dormancy and mammalian hibernation.

Medical and Veterinary Entomology

Author : Gary R. Mullen
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0080919693
Total Pages : 646 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical and Veterinary Entomology by : Gary R. Mullen

Download or read book Medical and Veterinary Entomology written by Gary R. Mullen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-04-22 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Second Edition, has been fully updated and revised to provide the latest information on developments in entomology relating to public health and veterinary importance. Each chapter is structured with the student in mind, organized by the major headings of Taxonomy, Morphology, Life History, Behavior and Ecology, Public Health and Veterinary Importance, and Prevention and Control. This second edition includes separate chapters devoted to each of the taxonomic groups of insects and arachnids of medical or veterinary concern, including spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticks. Internationally recognized editors Mullen and Durden include extensive coverage of both medical and veterinary entomological importance. This book is designed for teaching and research faculty in medical and veterinary schools that provide a course in vector borne diseases and medical entomology; parasitologists, entomologists, and government scientists responsible for oversight and monitoring of insect vector borne diseases; and medical and veterinary school libraries and libraries at institutions with strong programs in entomology. Follows in the tradition of Herm's Medical and Veterinary Entomology The latest information on developments in entomology relating to public health and veterinary importance Two separate indexes for enhanced searchability: Taxonomic and Subject New to this edition: Three new chapters Morphological Adaptations of Parasitic Arthropods Forensic Entomology Molecular Tools in Medical and Veterinary Entomology 1700 word glossary Appendix of Arthropod-Related Viruses of Medical-Veterinary Importance Numerous new full-color images, illustrations and maps throughout

Vector-Borne Diseases

Author : David Claborn
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838800212
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (388 download)

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Book Synopsis Vector-Borne Diseases by : David Claborn

Download or read book Vector-Borne Diseases written by David Claborn and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vector-Borne Diseases - Recent Developments in Epidemiology and Control utilizes the unique capabilities of open-access publishing to share exciting developments in the biology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases spread by arthropods. From malaria to dengue to leishmaniasis, the diseases addressed in this book continue to present threats to the life and well-being of millions around the world. The international cast of writers published here provide specific insight into a full spectrum of diseases spread by insects and their close relatives.

Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses

Author : John Mackenzie
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642594034
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses by : John Mackenzie

Download or read book Japanese Encephalitis and West Nile Viruses written by John Mackenzie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Japanese encephalitis and West Nile viruses are members of the Japanese encephalitis serological group of the genus Flavivirus and therefore closely related genetically and antigenically. They share a number of properties, including the use of birds as their major wildlife maintenance host and Culicine mosquitoes for transmission, and they are both associated with severe human disease, as well as fatal infections in horses. The emergence of these two viruses, and their well-established propensity to colonise new areas, make it timely to re-examine their ecology, biology, molecular structure, replication and epidemiology, and these therefore provide the focus of this volume.

Aedes aegypti: the yellow fever mosquito

Author : Samuel Rickard Christophers
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 764 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Aedes aegypti: the yellow fever mosquito by : Samuel Rickard Christophers

Download or read book Aedes aegypti: the yellow fever mosquito written by Samuel Rickard Christophers and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Features information on Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever mosquito, presented by the Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management at Colorado State University. Offers access to a genome database, anatomical drawings of Aedes aegypti, and maps.

Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas

Author : Mustapha Debboun
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128145463
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas by : Mustapha Debboun

Download or read book Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas written by Mustapha Debboun and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-14 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mosquitoes, Communities, and Public Health in Texas focuses on 87 known species of mosquitoes found throughout Texas. It includes information on the ecology, medical and public health importance, and biological diversity of each species. In addition, it provides detailed identification keys for both larval and adult stages of all mosquito genera and species known to occur in Texas, along a review of surveillance and control strategies. The expansion of invasive mosquitoes from other regions (including Mexico), together with climate change occurrences increase the likelihood for an increase in diseases, such as West Nile Virus, Yellow Fever, Dengue, Chikungunya and Zika. This unique work is the first unified reference and resource rich in mosquito information for medical entomologists, mosquito and vector control professionals, pest management professionals, biologists, environmentalists, wildlife professionals, government regulators, instructors of medical entomology and public health professionals who have disease or vector responsibilities, mosquito taxonomists, epidemiologists, entomology students, academia, pest control industry, and libraries, etc., with utility for medical, veterinary and health professionals. - Brings into one volume the previously fragmented or unavailable information on the species of mosquitoes found in Texas and neighboring states of Mexico - Provides a variety of audiences with key data on mosquito biology, distribution and how to identify each - Includes a geographic distribution map, habitat associations, and medical importance on Zika, West Nile virus, Dengue and Chikungunya for each species

Microbial Threats to Health

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309185548
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Threats to Health by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Microbial Threats to Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-08-25 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Infectious diseases are a global hazard that puts every nation and every person at risk. The recent SARS outbreak is a prime example. Knowing neither geographic nor political borders, often arriving silently and lethally, microbial pathogens constitute a grave threat to the health of humans. Indeed, a majority of countries recently identified the spread of infectious disease as the greatest global problem they confront. Throughout history, humans have struggled to control both the causes and consequences of infectious diseases and we will continue to do so into the foreseeable future. Following up on a high-profile 1992 report from the Institute of Medicine, Microbial Threats to Health examines the current state of knowledge and policy pertaining to emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases from around the globe. It examines the spectrum of microbial threats, factors in disease emergence, and the ultimate capacity of the United States to meet the challenges posed by microbial threats to human health. From the impact of war or technology on disease emergence to the development of enhanced disease surveillance and vaccine strategies, Microbial Threats to Health contains valuable information for researchers, students, health care providers, policymakers, public health officials. and the interested public.

The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual

Author : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0190933690
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (99 download)

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Book Synopsis The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual by : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

Download or read book The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual written by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A NEW AND ESSENTIAL RESOURCE FOR THE PRACTICE OF EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual is a definitive guide to investigating acute public health events on the ground and in real time. Assembled and written by experts from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as well as other leading public health agencies, it offers current and field-tested guidance for every stage of an outbreak investigation -- from identification to intervention and other core considerations along the way. Modeled after Michael Gregg's seminal book Field Epidemiology, this CDC manual ushers investigators through the core elements of field work, including many of the challenges inherent to outbreaks: working with multiple state and federal agencies or multinational organizations; legal considerations; and effective utilization of an incident-management approach. Additional coverage includes: � Updated guidance for new tools in field investigations, including the latest technologies for data collection and incorporating data from geographic information systems (GIS) � Tips for investigations in unique settings, including healthcare and community-congregate sites � Advice for responding to different types of outbreaks, including acute enteric disease; suspected biologic or toxic agents; and outbreaks of violence, suicide, and other forms of injury For the ever-changing public health landscape, The CDC Field Epidemiology Manual offers a new, authoritative resource for effective outbreak response to acute and emerging threats. *** Oxford University Press will donate a portion of the proceeds from this book to the CDC Foundation, an independent nonprofit and the sole entity created by Congress to mobilize philanthropic and private-sector resources to support the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's critical health protection work. To learn more about the CDC Foundation, visit www.cdcfoundation.org.

Parasitology

Author : Eric Loker
Publisher : Garland Science
ISBN 13 : 1317407725
Total Pages : 577 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (174 download)

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Book Synopsis Parasitology by : Eric Loker

Download or read book Parasitology written by Eric Loker and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2015-03-02 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasitology: A Conceptual Approach focuses on the conceptual basis of parasitology, with the goal of providing students with an enriched view of parasites and their biology. Concentrating on concepts will enable readers to gain a broader perspective that will increase their ability to think critically about all kinds of parasitic associations. The interfaces between the study of parasitism and prominent biological disciplines such as biodiversity, immunology, ecology, evolution, conservation biology, and disease control are highlighted. Studying individual parasites is an essential part of parasitology so Parasitology: A Conceptual Approach contains an appendix which provides a concise overview of the biology of important human and veterinary parasites. End-of-chapter questions are provided, as is an instructor manual.

Medical Entomology

Author : B.F. Eldridge
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 940116472X
Total Pages : 723 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Medical Entomology by : B.F. Eldridge

Download or read book Medical Entomology written by B.F. Eldridge and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 723 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed primarily as a textbook for graduate and postgraduate courses in Medical, Public Health and Veterinary Entomology. Its uniqueness is that its emphasis is on disease as opposed to arthropods. It includes general discussions of epidemiology, transmission, disease control, vector control and disease surveillance. In addition, it contains chapters oriented towards the many specific arthropod-borne diseases. Furthermore, the book discusses the many direct impacts that parasitic insects have on human and animal health. The arthropods themselves are dealt with in two introductory chapters.

Pictorial Keys for the Identification of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Associated with Dengue Virus Transmission

Author : L. M. Rueda
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781877354465
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (544 download)

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Book Synopsis Pictorial Keys for the Identification of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Associated with Dengue Virus Transmission by : L. M. Rueda

Download or read book Pictorial Keys for the Identification of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Associated with Dengue Virus Transmission written by L. M. Rueda and published by . This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Statistical Ecology

Author : Linda J. Young
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475728298
Total Pages : 581 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Statistical Ecology by : Linda J. Young

Download or read book Statistical Ecology written by Linda J. Young and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering a wide range of disciplines, this book explains the formulae, techniques, and methods used in field ecology. By providing an awareness of the statistical foundation for existing methods, the book will make biologists more aware of the strengths and possible weaknesses of procedures employed, and statisticians more appreciative of the needs of the field ecologist. Unique to this book is a focus on ecological data for single-species populations, from sampling through modeling. Examples come from real situations in pest management, forestry, wildlife biology, plant protection, and environmental studies, as well as from classical ecology. All those using this book will acquire a strong foundation in the statistical methods of modern ecological research. This textbook is for late undergraduate and graduate students, and for professionals.

Applied Probability and Statistics

Author : Mario Lefebvre
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387285059
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Applied Probability and Statistics by : Mario Lefebvre

Download or read book Applied Probability and Statistics written by Mario Lefebvre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book moves systematically through the topic of applied probability from an introductory chapter to such topics as random variables and vectors, stochastic processes, estimation, testing and regression. The topics are well chosen and the presentation is enriched by many examples from real life. Each chapter concludes with many original, solved and unsolved problems and hundreds of multiple choice questions, enabling those unfamiliar with the topics to master them. Additionally appealing are historical notes on the mathematicians mentioned throughout, and a useful bibliography. A distinguishing character of the book is its thorough and succinct handling of the varied topics.

Chemotropism of Mosquitoes

Author : Willem Rudolfs
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.A/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Chemotropism of Mosquitoes by : Willem Rudolfs

Download or read book Chemotropism of Mosquitoes written by Willem Rudolfs and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biology of Blood-Sucking Insects

Author : Mike Lehane
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401179530
Total Pages : 301 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Biology of Blood-Sucking Insects by : Mike Lehane

Download or read book Biology of Blood-Sucking Insects written by Mike Lehane and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Blood-sucking insects are the vectors of many of the most debilitating parasites of man and his domesticated animals. In addition they are of considerable direct cost to the agricultural industry through losses in milk and meat yields, and through damage to hides and wool, etc. So, not surprisingly, many books of medical and veterinary entomology have been written. Most of these texts are organized taxonomically giving the details of the life-cycles, bionomics, relationship to disease and economic importance of each of the insect groups in turn. I have taken a different approach. This book is topic led and aims to discuss the biological themes which are common in the lives of blood-sucking insects. To do this I have concentrated on those aspects of the biology of these fascinating insects which have been clearly modified in some way to suit the blood-sucking habit. For example, I have discussed feeding and digestion in some detail because feeding on blood presents insects with special problems, but I have not discussed respiration because it is not affected in any particular way by haematophagy. Naturally there is a subjective element in the choice of topics for discussion and the weight given to each. I hope that I have not let my enthusiasm for particular subjects get the better of me on too many occasions and that the subject material achieves an overall balance.