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Effects Of Different Tillage Methods Nitrogen Fertilizer And Stubble Mulching On Soil Carbon Emission Of Co2 N2o And Future Strategies
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Book Synopsis Effects of Different Tillage Methods, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Stubble Mulching on Soil Carbon, Emission of CO2, N2O and Future Strategies by : Sikander Khan Tanveer
Download or read book Effects of Different Tillage Methods, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Stubble Mulching on Soil Carbon, Emission of CO2, N2O and Future Strategies written by Sikander Khan Tanveer and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of Different Tillage Methods, Nitrogen Fertilizer and Stubble Mulching on Soil Carbon, Emission of CO2, N2O and Future Strategies.
Book Synopsis Mitigating Gaseous Nitrogen and Carbon Losses From Northeastern Agricultural Soils Via Alternative Soil Management Practices by : Kyle Michael Dittmer
Download or read book Mitigating Gaseous Nitrogen and Carbon Losses From Northeastern Agricultural Soils Via Alternative Soil Management Practices written by Kyle Michael Dittmer and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditional agricultural practices often result in gaseous losses of nitrous oxide (N2O), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2), representing a net loss of nutrients from agricultural soils, which negatively impacts crop yield and requires farmers to increase nutrient inputs. By adopting best management practices (BMPs; i.e., no-tillage, cover crops, sub-surface manure application, and proper manure application timing), there is great potential to reduce these losses. Because N2O and CO2 are also greenhouse gases (GHGs), climate change mitigation via BMP adoption and emissions reductions would be an important co-benefit. However, adopting a no-tillage and cover cropping system has had setbacks within the Northeast, primarily due to concerns regarding manure nitrogen (N) losses in no-tillage systems as well as uncertainty surrounding the benefits of cover crops. This thesis used two field-trials located in Alburgh, Vermont to assess differences in (i) GHG emissions from agricultural soils, (ii) nitrate and ammonium retention, (iii) corn yield and protein content, and (iv) N uptake and retention via cover crop scavenging under a combination of different BMPs. Chapter 1 evaluates the effects of different reduced-tillage practices and manure application methods (i.e., vertical-tillage, no-tillage, manure injection, and broadcast manure application) on reducing N2O and CO2 emissions, retaining inorganic N, and improving crop yields. Greenhouse gas measurements were collected every other week for the growing season of 2015-2017 via static chamber method using a photoacoustic gas analyzer. Results from this study showed that tillage regimes and manure application method did not interact to affect any of the three research objectives, although differences between individual BMPs were observed. Notably, vertical tillage enhanced CO2 emissions relative to no-tillage, demonstrating the role of soil disturbance and aeration on aerobic microbial C transformations. Manure injection was found to significantly enhance both N2O and CO2 emission relative to broadcast application, likely due to the formation of anerobic micro-zones created from liquid manure injection. However, plots that received manure injection retained greater concentrations of soil nitrate, a vital nutrient for quality crop production, thereby highlighting a major tradeoff between gaseous N losses and N retention with manure injection. Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of tillage practices and timing of manure application to increase N retention with the use of cover crops in order to mitigate GHG emissions, enhance soil nitrate and ammonium retention, and improve cropping system N uptake. Treatments at this field trial consisted of a combination of the presence or absence of cover crops, no-tillage or conventional-tillage, and spring or fall manure application. Greenhouse gas emissions were measured every other week via static chamber method using a gas chromatograph for the growing season of 2018. Results from this study showed that the presence of cover crops enhanced both N2O and CO2 emissions relative to fallow land, irrespective of tillage regime and manure application season, likely as a result of greater N and carbon substrates entering the soil upon cover crop decomposition. Due to enhanced N2O emissions with cover crops, cover crops did not retain significantly greater inorganic N in the system upon termination.
Book Synopsis Mulching and Tillage Effects on GHG Emissions and Properties of an Alfisol in Central Ohio by : Merrie Ann Varughese
Download or read book Mulching and Tillage Effects on GHG Emissions and Properties of an Alfisol in Central Ohio written by Merrie Ann Varughese and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: No-tillage (NT) management in conjunction with crop residue retention on soil has been promoted as a practice capable of enhancing the soil quality as well as offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions because of its ability to sequester carbon in soils. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the long term effects of application wheat (Triticum aestivum) residue mulch under NT and conventional tillage (CT) on GHG emissions, soil physical and chemical properties in an ongoing experiment in Central Ohio. Treatments included three rates of mulch at 0 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (M0), 8 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (M8) and 16 Mg ha-1 yr-1 (M16) without crop cultivation. All treatments were replicated thrice and laid out according to a completely randomized design. The data presented showed that application of straw mulch under NT can reduce GHG emissions compared to CT. The average diurnal CO2 fluxes were lower under NT (8.58g CO2-C m-2 d-1) compared to CT (9.69g CO2-C m-2 d-1). The effects of plowing on N2O flux, although not significant, indicated a trend of higher N2O fluxes under NT (0.27 mg m-2 d-1) than CT (0.21 mg m-2 d-1). Similarly, there was no definite trend among tillage treatments with regards to CH4 flux. However, NT was more of a sink for CH4 while CT treatments were sources. CO2 and N2O fluxes were significantly affected by mulch treatments, but mulching did not significantly affect CH4 flux. Furthermore, the application of mulch directly influences chemical and physical properties of the soil. The current study shows that the application of mulch conserves soil moisture, reduces bulk density, moderates soil temperature, reduces soil salinity and enhances soil aggregation. Results suggest that mulching in conjunction with NT has positive effects on temperate agricultural soils, yet further research needs to be conducted to provide additional insight on the over-all impact and interactions between management regimes and GHG emissions, especially in relation to soil properties and climate factors.
Book Synopsis Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality by : Terry J Logan
Download or read book Effects Conservation Tillage On Ground Water Quality written by Terry J Logan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays the environmental sustainability of the cropping systems is increasingly requested by the consumers. Conventional tillage practices, totally turning over the soil between the vineyard rows, may cause erosion due to rain as well as structure destruction of the soil in the long term. Conservation tillage is a soil management technique, poorly widespread in Sardinia, allowing cover cropping between vineyard rows. Furthermore, this technique makes the canopy development control of herbage possible by cutting it up during specific phenological phases. Conservation tillage usually involves direct benefits to farmers such as increasing soil fertility as well as reductionof tillage costs, soil erosion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the atmosphere. This long term trial, during at least five years aims to assess the conservation tillage impact on chemical-physical soil characteristics in comparison with traditional tillage by evaluating the change of organic matter, C.E.C. and availability of major plant nutrients in the soil and to estimate their probable rise. The field plots are located in a 35% slope condition vineyard, showing massive erosion problem and organic matter low content. A split/plot design with four replications was set up, with the comparison between conservation and traditional tillage apart as main plots. Moreover, the effects of two different irrigation levels were evaluated in the subplots of each main plot. At the beginning of the trial (2011) a pedological survey was made. Three soil profiles were described and sampled along the field slope and soil sampling in each plot were made both to characterize the soil and to find the zero point. The soil chemical and physical characteristics were monitored through a second soil sampling made at the end of 2013. Conservation tillage caused increasing organic matter content and C.E.C. values. As for major plant nutrients in soil, results were more uncertain. Grapevine yield and quality parameters did not show any negative effect when passing from conventional to conservation tillage techniques. The trial provided a preliminary positive evaluation of conservation tillage. However, more years are required to confirm this trend.
Book Synopsis Tillage Systems in the Tropics by : R. Lal
Download or read book Tillage Systems in the Tropics written by R. Lal and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1995 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this Bulletin are to collate up-to-date information on soil tillage requirements for soils in the tropics; to assess the impacts of different ways of tillage on soil, environment and crop productivity; and to outline criteria for developing environment-friendly and economically viable tillage techniques for sustainable use of soil and water resources
Book Synopsis Tillage and Crop Management Effects on Air, Water, and Soil Quality in California by : W. R. Horwath
Download or read book Tillage and Crop Management Effects on Air, Water, and Soil Quality in California written by W. R. Horwath and published by UCANR Publications. This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conservation tillage (CT) has become an important management tool in production systems throughout the world. Learn how it lessens the environmental impacts of farming in California.
Book Synopsis Long-term Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics by : Fugen Dou
Download or read book Long-term Tillage, Cropping Sequence, and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics written by Fugen Dou and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Management practices that may increase soil organic matter (SOM) storage include conservation tillage, especially no till (NT), enhanced cropping intensity, and fertilization. My objectives were to evaluate management effects on labile [soil microbial biomass (SMB) and mineralizable, particulate organic matter (POM), and hydrolyzable SOM] and slow (mineral-associated and resistant organic) C and N pools and turnover in continuous sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.], wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], sorghum-wheat/soybean, and wheat/soybean sequences under conventional tillage (CT) and NT with and without N fertilization. A Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochepts) in southern central Texas was sampled at three depth increments to a 30-cm depth after wheat, sorghum, and soybean harvesting. Soil organic C and total N showed similar responses to tillage, cropping sequence, and N fertilization following wheat, sorghum, and soybean. Most effects were observed in surface soils. NT significantly increased SOC. Nitrogen fertilization significantly increased SOC only under NT. Compared to NT or N addition, enhanced cropping intensity only slightly increased SOC. Estimates of C sequestration rates under NT indicated that SOC would reach a new equilibrium after 20 yr or less of imposition of this treatment. Labile pools were all significantly greater with NT than CTat 0 to 5 cm and decreased with depth. SMB, mineralizable C and N, POM, and hydrolyzable C were highly correlated with each other and SOC, but their slopes were significantly different, being lowest in mineralizable C and highest in hydrolyzable C. These results indicated that different methods determined various fractions of total SOC. Results from soil physical fractionation and 13C concentrations further supported these observations. Carbon turnover rates increased in the sequence: ROC
Book Synopsis Soil Carbon Dynamics by : Werner L. Kutsch
Download or read book Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Werner L. Kutsch and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon stored in soils represents the largest terrestrial carbon pool and factors affecting this will be vital in the understanding of future atmospheric CO2 concentrations. This book provides an integrated view on measuring and modeling soil carbon dynamics. Based on a broad range of in-depth contributions by leading scientists it gives an overview of current research concepts, developments and outlooks and introduces cutting-edge methodologies, ranging from questions of appropriate measurement design to the potential application of stable isotopes and molecular tools. It includes a standardised soil CO2 efflux protocol, aimed at data consistency and inter-site comparability and thus underpins a regional and global understanding of soil carbon dynamics. This book provides an important reference work for students and scientists interested in many aspects of soil ecology and biogeochemical cycles, policy makers, carbon traders and others concerned with the global carbon cycle.
Download or read book Tilling the Earth written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Short-term Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux Following Tillage of the Clay Soil in the Red River Valley in Southern Manitoba by : Alexander J. Koiter
Download or read book Short-term Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide Flux Following Tillage of the Clay Soil in the Red River Valley in Southern Manitoba written by Alexander J. Koiter and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been resurgence in the interest of conservation tillage as a way to sequester carbon from the atmosphere, to help improve soil quality, and as a means to mitigate the increasing concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere. However, the term conservation tillage is qualitative and quite ambiguous, and refers to a wide range of tillage practices. This makes the interpretation of information gathered from different tillage systems difficult. There currently exists a need for the quantification of soil surface properties following different tillage methods because surface properties are closely linked to soil surface processes. Previous research has focused on the long-term impacts of tillage systems and their effects on soil biological processes and properties, such as soil microbial populations and activity, soil organic matter fractions and their role in the production and emission of greenhouse gases. However, the more immediate impacts of tillage on soil physical processes and properties and their role in the production and emission of GHGs are not well understood and are often overlooked. The first objective of this research addressed the need for better quantification of soil physical properties after tillage practices. This research demonstrated the use of a laser profiling system and digital imagery and image analysis software in measuring soil micro-relief and crop residue cover. Furthermore, comparisons of geostatisitical and univariate procedures of quantifying surface roughness were also investigated. There was a definite advantage in using a geostatistical approach to characterize soil topography as the indices they provide give insight into the characterisitcs of the surface roughness. Soil disturbance and the addition of corn residue were both found to be significant factors affecting the surface roughness, crop residue cover, exposed surface area, and near-surface porosity. The second objective of this research focused on the quantification and characterization of the short-term effects of soil disturbance as a result of tillage on the carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) flux from the clay soils of the Red River Valley, Manitoba. The short-term CO2 flux (up to 5 days) following a soil disturbance event was characterized by an immediate increase in the CO2 flux following the soil disturbance event that quickly dissipated within the first 24 hours. Both the addition of residue and soil disturbance were found to be significant factors in the cumulative CO2 loss over the 5-day observation period. However, the incorporation of the residue through the action of soil disturbance was found to be a more important factor than soil disturbance or the addition of residue alone. The effects of residue and soil disturbance on the N2O flux were highly variable. However, there was some indication that the N2O flux under soil conditions may have a response to soil disturbance similar to that of CO2. The third objective is a combination in the previous two objectives and deals with the need to better understand the underlying physical mechanisms that control the CO2 and N2O flux. This was accomplished by combining the detailed information on the changes in surface properties and the CO2 and N2O fluxes that occur due to soil disturbance. Generally, the soil disturbance treatments that resulted in a rougher surface ...
Book Synopsis The Effects of Short-term Reduced Tillage on Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics, Model Predictions, and Global Warming Potential Within California by : Guy G. Shaver
Download or read book The Effects of Short-term Reduced Tillage on Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics, Model Predictions, and Global Warming Potential Within California written by Guy G. Shaver and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tillage Reversal and Nitrogen Fertilization Affected Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Carbon Stability Differently in a Black Chernozem and a Gray Luvisol by : Lei Sun
Download or read book Tillage Reversal and Nitrogen Fertilization Affected Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Soil Carbon Stability Differently in a Black Chernozem and a Gray Luvisol written by Lei Sun and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improving soil carbon (C) sequestration through land management practices is of great interest due to concerns over global climate change caused by increased atmospheric greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations. Soil disturbance by conventional tillage (CT) generally accelerates soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization, and changing from CT to no tillage (NT) has been shown to reduce GHG emissions and increase soil C sequestration in western Canada. However, long-term NT may cause crop residue accumulation and weed infestation. Reversing NT to CT, a process called tillage reversal, may be needed to address those issues but it may markedly alter soil C dynamics in agricultural ecosystems. The effects of tillage reversal and nitrogen (N) fertilization on soil GHG emissions during the growing season, soil C and N concentrations, and C stability in top- and subsoils were studied in two long-term field experimental sites: a Malmo silty clay loam (an Orthic Black Chernozem) at Ellerslie and a Breton loam (an Orthic Gray Luvisol) at Breton. This study used a split-plot design with two levels of N (since 1979) - 0 (N0) vs. 100 kg N ha-1 yr-1 (N100) and two levels of tillage - long-term NT (since 1979) vs. tillage reversal (TR) (since 2009 at Ellerslie and 2010 at Breton) - treatments. Straw was retained in each plot. The results are: (1) tillage reversal increased area-scaled GHG emissions but decreased yield-scaled GHG emissions at Ellerslie while N fertilization increased area-scaled GHG emissions but decreased yield-scaled GHG emissions at Breton; (2) soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) was stimulated by tillage reversal only at Ellerslie but was stimulated by N fertilization only at Breton; (3) tillage reversal and N fertilization only increased soil C and N concentrations in the topsoil at Breton; (4) nitrogen fertilization increased water-extractable organic carbon (WEOC) concentrations at both sites but the stability of WEOC was increased by N fertilization only at Breton; (5) Nitrogen fertilization increased soil aggregation and aggregate-associated C in the topsoil at both sites; and (6) physical protection for C in the subsoil was decreased by N fertilization and tillage reversal only at Ellerslie. In conclusion, with straw retention, long-term N fertilization with short-term tillage reversal is recommended to increase soil C sequestration, improve soil aggregation, and decrease yield-scaled GHG emissions in the Gray Luvisol. In the Black Chernozem, short-term tillage reversal is recommended to improve soil aggregation and decrease yield-scaled GHG emissions.
Book Synopsis Alternative Tillage and Nitrogen Management Options to Increase Crop Production and Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Claypan Soils by : Patrick R. Nash
Download or read book Alternative Tillage and Nitrogen Management Options to Increase Crop Production and Reduce Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Claypan Soils written by Patrick R. Nash and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Central Claypan Region covers an area of 10 million acres of claypan or claypan-like soil in Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa, and Illinois. Agricultural production on claypan soil can have lower yield and a greater impact on the environment than most agricultural soils partly due to poor drainage which may increase the potential for gaseous nitrogen loss of applied fertilizers, including nitrous oxide. Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural practices in the United States account for 78% of total human-related emissions and are of growing concern since nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that has a global warming potential 297 times greater than that of carbon dioxide, and which also depletes the ozone layer. Reducing nitrogen loss from applied fertilizer in agricultural practices through improved tillage and nitrogen management may increase crop production while reducing environmental N loss, including nitrous oxide. Findings from this research indicate that slow release, polymer-coated urea can maintain winter wheat yields with fall N applications, presumably due to reduced N loss and greater plant uptake compared to traditional dry urea fertilizer. Tilling of the soil in the seed row (strip-tillage) combined with deep banded placement of nitrogen fertilizer increased corn yield over no till with surface broadcasting of nitrogen fertilizer. Strip-tillage combined with deep banding placement was found to reduce the amount of nitrous oxide emitted per unit of corn grain produced, thereby, reducing the environmental impacts of N fertilizer use per amount of agricultural production.
Book Synopsis Grain Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Claypan Soil Landscapes by : Dara Lynn Boardman
Download or read book Grain Yield and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Organic and Conventional Cropping Systems on Claypan Soil Landscapes written by Dara Lynn Boardman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing world populations, farmers must become more efficient at producing food, fiber and fuel while reducing negative environmental impacts. The first objective of this study was to determine the effects of tillage, cover crops, and compost rate on organic grain crop production, greenhouse gas (GHG) flux, and soil N content. Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) of this organic management study were much lower than what others have reported, attributed to drought conditions and the use of compost. Across all crops, TNCC and TCC out-yielded NTCC, primarily due to increased germination in tilled systems and decreased weed pressure. The 1x and 1.5x compost treatments out-yielded the 0x and the 0.5x. The second objective of this study was to determine the GHG flux of fertilizer treatment within landscape positions of corn and switchgrass cropping systems. In 2014, switchgrass CO2 flux was approximately two times greater than corn. Corn N2O flux was almost 6 times greater than switchgrass. Synthetic fertilizer resulted in 2.5-8 times greater N2O flux than the other fertilizer treatments. The summit emitted at least 1.5 times greater GWP than the other landscape positions and synthetic fertilizer emitted about twice the GWP than other fertilizer treatments. In conjunction with this GHG research, an independent study was conducted to determine the effect of depth to claypan (DTC) on corn and switchgrass water use efficiency (WUE) and crop N recovery efficiency (REN). In dry years on depositional soils switchgrass had greater WUE and REN than corn. This research showed that in organic management systems, grain production generates low GHG emissions, NTCC yields less than tillage treatments, and at least 1x of compost is necessary to maintain yields. This research showed switchgrass to emit less N2O and be more efficient with water and N than corn. This could improve the productivity of marginal soils, such as found in Missouri, while providing a renewable fuel that emits less life-cycle GHG to meet the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS).
Book Synopsis Tillage, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Microbial Carbon Dynamics Under Long-term Cotton Production by : Molefi Jacob Mpheshea
Download or read book Tillage, Cover Crop and Nitrogen Fertilization Effects on Soil Microbial Carbon Dynamics Under Long-term Cotton Production written by Molefi Jacob Mpheshea and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effective soil management requires a deeper understanding of how internal soil carbon (C) works. This is vital as cycling is tightly linked with nutrient cycling processes. This study evaluated the effect of agronomic practices including tillage (no-till and tilled), cover crops (no cover, hairy vetch - Vicia villosa L, and winter wheat - Triticum aestivum. L ) and different N fertilizer rates ( 0, 34 and 101 kg N per hectare ) on soil microbial C dynamics as measured by soil microbial biomass C (SMBC) along with soil microbial respiration over the 2013 cotton growing season at Jackson, West Tennessee. The study was set as split -split plot with N fertilizer rates as the whole plot, cover crops as the split plot and tillage as the split-split plot. Sampling was carried out four times; in June, July, September and October. Both SMBC and soil respiration responded similarly to the treatment factors. Early in the season, June and July, N fertilizer rate affected SMBC with 101N fertilizer rate having greater SMBC. In July, in addition to N fertilizer rate, tillage affected SMBC with tilled-vetch treatment at 34N and 101N fertilizer rate having a significantly greater levels of SMBC while soil respiration was greater under the no-till no cover treatment across all N fertilizer rates. However in September, tillage and cover crop affected SMBC and soil microbial respiration. The no-till no cover and no-till wheat treatments had greater SMBC and soil microbial respiration compared with no-till vetch at 0N and 34N fertilizer rate. At the end of the growing season prior to harvest, the no-till no cover treatment still had effect on soil microbial respiration while none of the treatment factors affected SMBC. Early in the season N fertilizer influences microbial activities while later in the season tillage and cover crop become the dominating factors. Overall the effects of N fertilizer, tillage and cover crops on these soil properties were season dependent.
Book Synopsis The Use of Subsurface Drip Irrigation, Cover Crops and Conservation Tillage in Reducing Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions from an Irrigated Row-crop System by : Cynthia Marie Kallenbach
Download or read book The Use of Subsurface Drip Irrigation, Cover Crops and Conservation Tillage in Reducing Soil CO2 and N2O Emissions from an Irrigated Row-crop System written by Cynthia Marie Kallenbach and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-term Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Health, and Its Economic and Ecologic Implications by : Amanda Weidhuner
Download or read book Long-term Effects of Tillage Practices on Soil Physical, Chemical, and Biological Health, and Its Economic and Ecologic Implications written by Amanda Weidhuner and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Demands for sustainable crop production are increasing to cope with threats of climate change and diversity loss. Tillage is one of the main farming practices that could impact crop production, soil, and air quality. We utilized a long-term (>48-yr old) tillage trial to evaluate four tillage systems including: (i) moldboard plow (MP), (ii) chisel-disk (grower's current practice) (CD), (iii) alternate tillage [2-yr no-till (NT) and 1-yr MP; AT], and (iv) NT on corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) grain production, nutrient removal and balances, soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. We found that a switch from intensive tillage practices (CD and MP) to NT resulted in (i) similar corn and soybean grain yield, nutrient removal, and balances; (ii) increased soil aggregation and aggregate stability; (iii) increased soil organic carbon (C), active C, and aggregate associated C and nitrogen at 0-15 cm soil depth (iv) had consistence penetration resistance at the plow depth (30 cm depth), lower bulk density, higher soil porosity and available water capacity; (v) had lower soil NO3-N and TN, two-yr cumulative N2O-N emissions, and yield-scaled N2O-N (vi) greater soil ecosystem stability based on nematode community populations; (vii) increased earthworm abundance and biomass, diversity and species evenness, and percentage of epigeic ecotypes. Interestingly, NT did not influence soil C beyond topsoil indicating a limitation for NT to sequester C at deeper soil layers. These findings indicate improved soil in NT vs. other tillage practices provides C sequestration and reduced environmental footprints, without impacting grain yield while improving functional soil biology. Because the cost of NT operations are lower than other tillage practices, we concluded continuous NT could be a step towards sustainable crop production. To further improve the sustainability of crop production, other practices (e.g. cover cropping, crop diversification, soil amendments etc.) should be integrated into continuous NT practices.
