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Effect Of Half Gap Overlap Defects On The Strength Of Composite Structures Fabricated With Automated Fiber Placement Methods
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Book Synopsis Effect of Half Gap/overlap Defects on the Strength of Composite Structures Fabricated with Automated Fiber Placement Methods by : Daniel Del Rossi
Download or read book Effect of Half Gap/overlap Defects on the Strength of Composite Structures Fabricated with Automated Fiber Placement Methods written by Daniel Del Rossi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) process has gained traction as an efficient manufacturing method for advanced composite materials. While AFP methods offer benefits through automation, certain defects inherent to the manufacturing method are induced such as gaps and overlaps. Thus, accurate characterization of defects and an understanding of their effects on the failure mechanisms are crucial in determining design allowables. This work encompasses finite element simulations and experimental work aimed at assessing the effect of side-to-side gaps and overlaps due to misalignment of fiber tows on the tensile performance. Different configurations of gaps/overlaps were examined and compared to pristine composite equivalents in order to determine strength knockdown factors. It was found that the effects of these defects depend on their angles, and their configurations. While some cases have minimal and possibly negligible effects, others need to be considered. Most configurations stay below 5% reduction in strength. However, two extreme configurations reached around 10% reduction. This paper gives a good general idea of the behaviour of laminates with half gap/overlap defects, but it is not conclusive and further work needs to be done to gather more data and improve the finite element model." --
Book Synopsis Effects of Defects Made by Automated Fibre Placement Process on Carbon/epoxy Composite Structures by : Vincent Cadran
Download or read book Effects of Defects Made by Automated Fibre Placement Process on Carbon/epoxy Composite Structures written by Vincent Cadran and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Manufacturers use Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) as a fabrication process for large and complex composite parts. An AFP machine consists of a computer-controlled robotic arm with a head at the end capable of constant placement of uncured pre-impregnated carbon fibres grouped together to form bands called tows. AFP shows great potential to transition from hand layup to an automated technique with a lot of flexibility in terms of fibres orientation, stacking sequence, thickness and allows fibres to be used in double curvature regions. Fibre path scheme is dictated by both part geometry and steering capability to ensure good quality parts. There is a joint effort from engineers of different fields – design, manufacturing, stress – to govern the AFP process, but this method also creates defects which undermine the structural performance of the part. Primary defects observed by the aerospace industry are mis- aligned tows also referred as steered tows: combinations of both side-to-side gaps and overlaps.Corresponding detection methods are labor intensive and time consuming. Proposed in this Thesis is an investigation on the effects of steered tows defects on the mechanical performance of composite structures made with AFP techniques. By varying the orientation, size and number of steered tows defects embedded in carbon-epoxy laminates, their mechanical effects have been examined experimentally in static tension, static compression and cyclic fatigue, and also numerically via Finite-Element Model (FEM) for both static tension and compression. Certification of composite structures remains a challenge because this material is difficult to repair and its performance is difficult to predict.Locally, gaps reduce axial stiffness of laminates without much effect on the global stiffness. Gap density has a linear effect on laminate stiffness while orientation and location have a non-linear effect on laminate stiffness. Overlaps induce waviness on adjacent plies – extra material due to shifted tows – which does not have significant changes on stiffness. Overlaps can locally improve strength of laminates. Combinations of both side-to-side gaps and overlaps show strong out-of-plane waviness influence, making laminate strength prediction much more difficult to assess. In this thesis is used microscopic observations of cured specimens to study the post-cure, post-compaction real geometry of embedded defects and to qualitatively assess the effects of through-the-thickness waviness on the mechanical performance of defects.Side-to-side half gap / half overlap defects are embedded in laminate structures and tested. Compression is found to be much more critical than tension. Defects embedded at 45° and 90° behave similarly, they have the largest knockdown factors. From a microscopic analysis, the real post-cure defect geometry is used in a Finite-Element (FE) model on Abaqus Software to predict the performance of specimens with defects in both static tension and compression. This ply-by-ply FE model assumes that the defects have only an effect on the plies in which they are embedded in the first place while the other plies stay intact. The comparison between experimental results and simulations shows that the FE Model is too conservative when defects are oriented in 0° along the length of the specimens and not conservative when defects are oriented in 45° and 90°. This suggests the assumption was wrong and that the plies without embedded defects also suffer damage from out-of-plane waviness"--
Book Synopsis Experimental Characterization of Automated Fiber Placement Process Defects in Composite Structures by : Kaven Croft
Download or read book Experimental Characterization of Automated Fiber Placement Process Defects in Composite Structures written by Kaven Croft and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures by : Rikard Benton Heslehurst
Download or read book Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures written by Rikard Benton Heslehurst and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-04-21 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The advantages of composite materials include a high specific strength and stiffness, formability, and a comparative resistance to fatigue cracking and corrosion. However, not forsaking these advantages, composite materials are prone to a wide range of defects and damage that can significantly reduce the residual strength and stiffness of a structure or result in unfavorable load paths. Emphasizing defect identification and restitution, Defects and Damage in Composite Materials and Structures explains how defects and damage in composite materials and structures impact composite component performance. Providing ready access to an extensive, descriptive list of defects and damage types, this must-have reference: Examines defect criticality in composite structures Recommends repair actions to restore structural integrity Discusses failure modes and mechanisms of composites due to defects Reviews NDI processes for finding and identifying defects in composite materials Relating defect detection methods to defect type, the author merges his experience in the field of in-service activities for composite airframe maintenance and repair with indispensable reports and articles on defects and damage in advanced composite materials from the last 50 years.
Book Synopsis Composites Manufacturing by : Sanjay Mazumdar
Download or read book Composites Manufacturing written by Sanjay Mazumdar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-12-27 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More and more companies manufacture reinforced composite products. To meet the market need, researchers and industries are developing manufacturing methods without a reference that thoroughly covers the manufacturing guidelines. Composites Manufacturing: Materials, Product, and Process Engineering fills this void. The author presents a fundamental
Book Synopsis Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology by : Ulf Paul Breuer
Download or read book Commercial Aircraft Composite Technology written by Ulf Paul Breuer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-10 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on lectures held at the faculty of mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Kaiserslautern. The focus is on the central theme of societies overall aircraft requirements to specific material requirements and highlights the most important advantages and challenges of carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) compared to conventional materials. As it is fundamental to decide on the right material at the right place early on the main activities and milestones of the development and certification process and the systematic of defining clear requirements are discussed. The process of material qualification - verifying material requirements is explained in detail. All state-of-the-art composite manufacturing technologies are described, including changes and complemented by examples, and their improvement potential for future applications is discussed. Tangible case studies of high lift and wing structures emphasize the specific advantages and challenges of composite technology. Finally, latest R&D results are discussed, providing possible future solutions for key challenges such as low cost high performance materials, electrical function integration and morphing structures.
Book Synopsis Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology by : Ru-Min Wang
Download or read book Polymer Matrix Composites and Technology written by Ru-Min Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-07-14 with total page 570 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given such properties as low density and high strength, polymer matrix composites have become a widely used material in the aerospace and other industries. Polymer matrix composites and technology provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance.After an introductory chapter, part one reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them. Part two discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites. The final part of the book covers key aspects of performance, including tensile, compression, shear and bending properties as well as impact, fatigue and creep behaviour.Polymer matrix composites and technology provides both students and those in industry with a valuable introduction to and overview of this important class of materials. - Provides a helpful overview of these materials, their processing and performance incorporating naming and classification of composite materials - Reviews the main reinforcement and matrix materials used as well as the nature of the interface between them including damage mechanisms - Discusses forming and molding technologies for polymer matrix composites outlining various techniques and technologies
Book Synopsis Micromechanics of Composite Materials by : Jacob Aboudi
Download or read book Micromechanics of Composite Materials written by Jacob Aboudi and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summary: A Generalized Multiscale Analysis Approach brings together comprehensive background information on the multiscale nature of the composite, constituent material behaviour, damage models and key techniques for multiscale modelling, as well as presenting the findings and methods, developed over a lifetime's research, of three leading experts in the field. The unified approach presented in the book for conducting multiscale analysis and design of conventional and smart composite materials is also applicable for structures with complete linear and nonlinear material behavior, with numerous applications provided to illustrate use. Modeling composite behaviour is a key challenge in research and industry; when done efficiently and reliably it can save money, decrease time to market with new innovations and prevent component failure.
Book Synopsis Composite Materials by : Kamal K. Kar
Download or read book Composite Materials written by Kamal K. Kar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-14 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite materials are used as substitutions of metals/traditional materials in aerospace, automotive, civil, mechanical and other industries. The present book collects the current knowledge and recent developments in the characterization and application of composite materials. To this purpose the volume describes the outstanding properties of this class of advanced material which recommend it for various industrial applications.
Book Synopsis Design and manufacture of elastically tailored tow placed plates by :
Download or read book Design and manufacture of elastically tailored tow placed plates written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Uncertainty Quantification in Laminated Composites by : Sudip Dey
Download or read book Uncertainty Quantification in Laminated Composites written by Sudip Dey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-19 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, uncertainty quantification in composite materials and structures has gained a lot of attention from the research community as a result of industrial requirements. This book presents computationally efficient uncertainty quantification schemes following meta-model-based approaches for stochasticity in material and geometric parameters of laminated composite structures. Several metamodels have been studied and comparative results have been presented for different static and dynamic responses. Results for sensitivity analyses are provided for a comprehensive coverage of the relative importance of different material and geometric parameters in the global structural responses.
Book Synopsis Automated Composites Manufacturing by : Suong V. Hoa
Download or read book Automated Composites Manufacturing written by Suong V. Hoa and published by . This book was released on 2019-06-13 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected papers from those presented at the Automated Composites Manufacturing 4th International Symposium form this proceedings of original research. The book presents technologies for emergent robotic and computer-controlled fabrication of CFRP, woven, and other types of composite materials. Information is provided on how lay-up and heating are carried out by specially designed equipment and how these processes are controlled with real-time data from sensors. Details are given on robotic process control, flaw detection, quality engineering, and inspection, as well as on new types of laminates and composites made possible by advanced automation. International research in the text is based on work done at universities and R&D centers in countries including Germany, U.S., and Canada.
Book Synopsis Complex Variable Methods in Elasticity by : A. H. England
Download or read book Complex Variable Methods in Elasticity written by A. H. England and published by Courier Corporation. This book was released on 2012-05-10 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plane strain and generalized plane stress boundary value problems of linear elasticity are discussed as well as functions of a complex variable, basic equations of 2-dimensional elasticity, plane and half-plane problems, more. 1971 edition. Includes 26 figures.
Book Synopsis The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms by :
Download or read book The Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Finite Element Modelling of Composite Materials and Structures by : F L Matthews
Download or read book Finite Element Modelling of Composite Materials and Structures written by F L Matthews and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-10-27 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Finite element modelling of composite materials and structures provides an introduction to a technique which is increasingly being used as an analytical tool for composite materials.The text is presented in four parts: - Part one sets the scene and reviews the fundamentals of composite materials together with the basic nature of FRP and its constituents. Two-dimensional stress-strain is covered, as is laminated plated theory and its limitations. - Part two reviews the basic principles of FE analysis, starting with underlying theoretical issues and going on to show how elements are derived, a model is generated and results are processed. - Part three builds on the basics of FE analysis and considers the particular issues that arise in applying finite elements to composites, especially to the layered nature of the material. - Part four deals with the application of FE to FRP composites, presenting analytical models alongside FE representations. Specific issues addressed include interlaminar stresses, fracture delamination, joints and fatigue.This book is invaluable for students of materials science and engineering, and for engineers and others wishing to expand their knowledge of structural analysis. - Covers important work on finite element analysis of composite material performance - Based on material developed for an MSc course at Imperial College, London, UK - Covers particular problems such as holes, free edges with FE results compared with experimental data and classical analysis
Book Synopsis Design and Manufacture of Textile Composites by : A C Long
Download or read book Design and Manufacture of Textile Composites written by A C Long and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-01-05 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Textile composites encompass a rather narrow range of materials, based on three-dimensional reinforcements produced using specialist equipment. This book describes the design, manufacture and applications of textile composites. The intention is to describe the broad range of polymer composite materials with textile reinforcements, from woven and non-crimp commodity fabrics to 3-D textiles and their applications. The book gives particular attention to the modelling of textile structures, composites manufacturing methods, and subsequent component performance. This practical book is an invaluable guide for manufacturers of polymer composite components, end-users and designers, structural materials researchers, and textile manufacturers involved in the development of new products with textile composites.
Author :Andreas Björnsson Publisher :Linköping University Electronic Press ISBN 13 :9175191830 Total Pages :106 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (751 download)
Book Synopsis Enabling Automation of Composite Manufacturing through the Use of Off-The-Shelf Solutions by : Andreas Björnsson
Download or read book Enabling Automation of Composite Manufacturing through the Use of Off-The-Shelf Solutions written by Andreas Björnsson and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composite materials offer an appealing combination of low weight and high strength that is especially sought after in high-performance applications. The use of composite materials has and is continuing to increase, and the use of the material has been shown to provide substantial weight savings in for example aircraft design. With an increased use of composite materials follows an increased demand for cost-efficient manufacturing methods. Composite products are in many cases manufactured either by manual operations or by the use of complex automated solutions associated with high investment costs. The objective for this research is to explore an approach to develop automated composite manufacturing based on commercially available off-the-shelf solutions as an alternative to the existing automated solutions for composite manufacturing. The research, which was carried out in collaboration with industrial partners within the aerospace sector, is based on a demonstrator-centered research approach. Three conceptual demonstrators, focusing on three different manufacturing methods and a number of physical demonstrators, are used to show that off-the-shelf solutions can be used for automated manufacturing of composite products. Two aspects that affect if it is possible to use off-the-shelf solutions for automated composite manufacturing are the rigorous quality standards used by the aerospace industry and the great variety in product properties and material properties that is associated with composite manufacturing. The advantages in using off-the-shelf solutions has shown to be that the solutions generally are associated with low investments and that published information about the solutions, and the solutions themselves, is generally available for evaluation and testing. When working with the demonstrators it has been shown to be useful to break down a manufacturing system into basic tasks and consider off-the-shelf solutions for each particular task. This approach facilitates the search for a suitable off-the-shelf solution to solve a particular task. However, each of the separate tasks can affect other areas of the manufacturing system, and an overall systems perspective is required to find solutions that are compatible with the entire manufacturing system.
