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Economic Conditions And Influences
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Book Synopsis U.S. Health in International Perspective by : National Research Council
Download or read book U.S. Health in International Perspective written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Environment Factor How Influences Consumer Behavior by : Johnny Ch LOK
Download or read book Environment Factor How Influences Consumer Behavior written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why social and physical environmental factors have close relationship to influence economic growth I shall indicate reasons to explain why social and physical environmental factors have close relationship to influence economic growth, even human health of quality of life. The social and economic burdens of poor education, lack of affordable housing and less than self sufficient income affect, not just those individuals and families who have the fewest resources. The social gradient means that not only do whose in the bottom worse health outcomes to bottom of income group and the top income group whose will have poor quality of life influence. The higher rates of disease and disability and lesser productivity among many communities means a higher public and private burden of life years, particularly life expectancy once one reaches age 65. In recent decades, research and has increasingly shown how powerfully social and economic conditions determine population health and differences in health among subgroups, much more so than medical care. It seems that environmental factor can influence human's quality of life. Los Angeles Country Department Of public Health (2016) indicated a country health rankings model, this department explained these three health factors can cause this health outcomes. These health factors include health behaviors (30%), it includes tobacco use, diet and exercise, alcohol use, unsafe sex; clinical care (20%), it includes access to care, quality of care; social and economic factors (40%), it includes education, employment, income, family and social support, community safety; physical environmental factor (10%) , includes natural environmental quality, built environmental quality. Then these factors can cause this health outcomes, such as morality ( length of life):50% and morbidity (quality of life) :50%. SO, it implies that physical environmental factor can influence human's length of life. So, on our social environmental problems result is from a complex interplay of a number of forces. An individual's health -related behaviors , particularly diet, exercise and smoking, surrounding physical environment and health care ( both access and quality) all contribute significantly to how long and how well human love. However , none of these factors is as important to population health as are the social and economic environments in which human live, learn, work and play. We refer to these factors can be as the social determinants of health to influence our quality of life. How do social determinants affect our quality of life? In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, public health concentrated particularly on the physical environment. Improvements in, for example, clean water supplies, healthier housing, sanitation, workplace safety and safe food lead to sharp increases in average life expectancy . Also our quality of life needed to be concentrated on expanded access to medical care, resulting in further expansion. So, the poverty tap is now characterized by those elements, such as low levels of : (i) environmental quality, (ii) life expectancy and (iii) human capital.
Book Synopsis Improving Health in the Community by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Improving Health in the Community written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-05-21 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do communities protect and improve the health of their populations? Health care is part of the answer but so are environmental protections, social and educational services, adequate nutrition, and a host of other activities. With concern over funding constraints, making sure such activities are efficient and effective is becoming a high priority. Improving Health in the Community explains how population-based performance monitoring programs can help communities point their efforts in the right direction. Within a broad definition of community health, the committee addresses factors surrounding the implementation of performance monitoring and explores the "why" and "how to" of establishing mechanisms to monitor the performance of those who can influence community health. The book offers a policy framework, applies a multidimensional model of the determinants of health, and provides sets of prototype performance indicators for specific health issues. Improving Health in the Community presents an attainable vision of a process that can achieve community-wide health benefits.
Book Synopsis Influence of Socio-Economic Environment on the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises by : Anna Iwona Adamik
Download or read book Influence of Socio-Economic Environment on the Development of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises written by Anna Iwona Adamik and published by Wydawnictwo Politechniki Łódzkiej, Łódź. This book was released on 2011 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Economy Environment How Influences by : John Lok
Download or read book Economy Environment How Influences written by John Lok and published by . This book was released on 2023-06-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction Why may human behavior influence economic growth or bring recession? Human unethical behavior may bring what negative economic influence? How human unethical behavior influence GDP growth? How economic environment change may influence consumer behavior? I shall attempt to indicate cases to explain why they have close relationship between human behavior and economy. Readers can make clear analysis to judge whether they have cause and effect relationship between human behavior and economic growth or recession.
Book Synopsis Environment Economic Methods by : Johnny Ch Lok
Download or read book Environment Economic Methods written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-05-25 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why social and physical environmental factors have close relationship to influence economic growthI shall indicate reasons to explain why social and physical environmental factors have close relationship to influence economic growth, even human health of quality of life. The social and economic burdens of poor education, lack of affordable housing and less than self sufficient income affect, not just those individuals and families who have the fewest resources. The social gradient means that not only do whose in the bottom worse health outcomes to bottom of income group and the top income group whose will have poor quality of life influence. The higher rates of disease and disability and lesser productivity among many communities means a higher public and private burden of life years, particularly life expectancy once one reaches age 65. In recent decades, research and has increasingly shown how powerfully social and economic conditions determine population health and differences in health among subgroups, much more so than medical care. It seems that environmental factor can influence human's quality of life.Los Angeles Country Department Of public Health (2016) indicated a country health rankings model, this department explained these three health factors can cause this health outcomes. These health factors include health behaviors (30%), it includes tobacco use, diet and exercise, alcohol use, unsafe sex; clinical care (20%), it includes access to care, quality of care; social and economic factors (40%), it includes education, employment, income, family and social support, community safety; physical environmental factor (10%), includes natural environmental quality, built environmental quality. Then these factors can cause this health outcomes, such as morality ( length of life):50% and morbidity (quality of life):50%. SO, it implies that physical environmental factor can influence human's length of life. So, on our social environmental problems result is from a complex interplay of a number of forces. An individual's health -related behaviors, particularly diet, exercise and smoking, surrounding physical environment and health care ( both access and quality) all contribute significantly to how long and how well human love. However, none of these factors is as important to population health as are the social and economic environments in which human live, learn, work and play. We refer to these factors can be as the social determinants of health to influence our quality of life. How do social determinants affect our quality of life? In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, public health concentrated particularly on the physical environment. Improvements in, for example, clean water supplies, healthier housing, sanitation, workplace safety and safe food lead to sharp increases in average life expectancy . Also our quality of life needed to be concentrated on expanded access to medical care, resulting in further expansion. So, the poverty tap is now characterized by those elements, such as low levels of: (i) environmental quality, (ii) life expectancy and (iii) human capital.In fact, environmental degradation can have a significant impact on human health. De Hollander et. al (1999) & Melse & De Hollander (2001) showed that estimates of the share of environment, related human health loss are as high 5% for high income countries, 8% for middle income countries and 13% for low income countries. Air pollution and exposure to hazardous chemicals are important causes of the related burden of disease in countries. The transport and energy sectors are major contributors to air pollution, when important sources of chemical pollution are agriculture industry and waste disposal.
Book Synopsis Can Future Living Economic Environment Influences Our Lives by : Johnny Ch Lok
Download or read book Can Future Living Economic Environment Influences Our Lives written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by . This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ⦁The influence of socio - economic factors on crime Therefore, one should ask a question whether in fact the economic situation shapes the level of crime rate . While being under constant modifications and transformations, society will never stay unchanged. Changes in the number, gender, age structure, migration (demographic changes) also have their mutual influence related to the economy, system of power, education, health protection, religion, and crime. Poor economic situation may translate into crime by an increase in unemployment. It should be noted that unemployment, naturally connected with the economy may have a different dimension. We distinguish between the structural, cyclical, long-term, and frictional unemployment. Because of the social and demographic factors, such as gender, age or education level of people affected by the unemployment, there may be various relationships and impact on criminal activity.An analysis of police statistics shows that the highest intensity of crime occurs among unemployed people who are under thirty years of age . If an individual is affected by long-term unemployment, he or she starts to be affected by the consequences of such a situation, namely a sense of exclusion, injustice, and finally the lack of hope of finding a legitimate source of income . The analysis shows that unemployment brings on crime against property rather than violence . However, it should be noted that the increase in unemployment in various ways may affect particular social groups by increasing or decreasing their criminal activity. At this point one should outline four specific relationships between unemployment and crime as below: - Some offenders combine their legal professional work with criminal activity. Legal business is treated as a camouflage for illegal operation. In this case, the development of unemployment may reduce the "gray zone" business, as the legal work, in this case, gives a sense of security for conducting criminal activity.- There is a number of crimes, possible to be committed only during conducting activities while being legally employed, for example: "handing over bribes to officials", "employee theft". In those situations the growth of unemployment will inhibit the number of crimes of the above mentioned type, rather than increase them.
Book Synopsis Economic Environment Factor Influences Consumption Behavioral Changes by : Johnny Ch Lok
Download or read book Economic Environment Factor Influences Consumption Behavioral Changes written by Johnny Ch Lok and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2019-11-28 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How living economic environment influences our daily livingIn the future, when our economic environment causes to change suddenly variable significantly, it can also influence our living environment changes, then it will also influences our living behaviors change in order to choose to earn the most large benefits in effect. I shall our daily some living cases to explain why it has relationship between our living environment and our living economy and our living behaviors.The first living changing case, I shall indicate how living economic environment influences students' learning behaviors and social employable behaviors change both.When one country's students have much pressure to learn and there are many students need to enter schools to learn, but the country has less schools to supply to them to learn. Then, this living economic environment changing factor, e.g. there are many parents need to go to work, but they have no enough money to support their adult age students, e.g. 20 years university students to let them have enough money to continue to enrol universities to learn. IN this less universites supplying number and many poor families living economic environment both factors, it will cause many students feel pressure to enrol any one univeristy, if every year, there has about 100,000 number secondary school students at least, they prepare to pass examination to enrol any one university to study in the country. But, every university has only100 to 200 secondary students who have enrol to any one univeristy successfully. However, the country has only two universities are existence. So, it has possible that there are 98,600 to 98,800 secondary students, they can not enrol to any one university to study in the country every year. These secondary only choose to find jobs to do.But, their educational level is low, they will feel find jobs to do in difficulty. If the country's jobs supplying number is less. For example, in the year, there are only 80,000 secondary level jobs to be supplied to these secondary level students to do. Hence, in the year, this country will have 18,600 to 18,800 secondary students who can notfind any jobs to work, even they will lose jobs ( unemployment) in the whole year in possible.So in living economic view, this low jobs supplying environment and the low university number graduation and many secondary schools students unemployment factor will only cause this society's economic environment to be more poor, because when it have many secondary students who can not find any jobs to do easily, then they do easy to do stealing, fighting etc. crime behaviors to influence the society's living safety to it living people every day. It is due to this country lacks enough universities to provide to these secondary students to learn as well as they must feel more pressure to examinatoin, due to the univeristy enrolling demand must be raised, e.g. five A grades at minmum. They need to earn in order to enrol to any one univeristy to learn. Even, although some secondary students, they can enrol to any one university to study, but many their parents are poor families and they can not continue to them to enrol any one private university to study, I suppose this country has none any government universities existence. So, these private universities are only for the rich families whose children can enrol to learn successfully. I will let many poor students who feel unfair because they have the best examination result to enrol to any one of these two univeristy to study, but because their parents have no enough money to support them to enrol to either one of these two universities to study. So, they will also need to attempt to find low education level jobs to do in society.
Book Synopsis Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-10-18 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Children's health has clearly improved over the past several decades. Significant and positive gains have been made in lowering rates of infant mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and accidental causes, improved access to health care, and reduction in the effects of environmental contaminants such as lead. Yet major questions still remain about how to assess the status of children's health, what factors should be monitored, and the appropriate measurement tools that should be used. Children's Health, the Nation's Wealth: Assessing and Improving Child Health provides a detailed examination of the information about children's health that is needed to help policy makers and program providers at the federal, state, and local levels. In order to improve children's health-and, thus, the health of future generations-it is critical to have data that can be used to assess both current conditions and possible future threats to children's health. This compelling book describes what is known about the health of children and what is needed to expand the knowledge. By strategically improving the health of children, we ensure healthier future generations to come.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030946921X Total Pages :161 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Health-Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-02 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Social Security Administration (SSA) administers two programs that provide benefits based on disability: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This report analyzes health care utilizations as they relate to impairment severity and SSA's definition of disability. Health Care Utilization as a Proxy in Disability Determination identifies types of utilizations that might be good proxies for "listing-level" severity; that is, what represents an impairment, or combination of impairments, that are severe enough to prevent a person from doing any gainful activity, regardless of age, education, or work experience.
Book Synopsis The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking by : National Research Council
Download or read book The Science of Adolescent Risk-Taking written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a time when youth make decisions, both good and bad, that have consequences for the rest of their lives. Some of these decisions put them at risk of lifelong health problems, injury, or death. The Institute of Medicine held three public workshops between 2008 and 2009 to provide a venue for researchers, health care providers, and community leaders to discuss strategies to improve adolescent health.
Book Synopsis Socioeconomic Status by : Geoffrey Perkins
Download or read book Socioeconomic Status written by Geoffrey Perkins and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides research on the influences, disparities and current issues of socioeconomic status (SES). Chapter One discusses socio-economic status, inequality and academic achievement. Chapter Two reviews literature on socioeconomic variables that predict a child's executive functioning and possible contextual and cognitive variables mediating this association. Chapter Three examines socioeconomic and racial disparities in child health and health outcomes. Chapter Four analyses attitudes toward poverty and the government safety net programs in relationship to income and party affiliation, and investigates theories to better understand the polarised attitudes toward socioeconomic status, inequality and poverty in America. Chapter Five provides a review of three different studies which underpin the proposal of the benefits and pitfalls of high SES. Chapter Six reports the findings of two questionnaire surveys focusing on the effects of socioeconomic status and trait self-control on seeking relationships.
Book Synopsis Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-07 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past century, we have made great strides in reducing rates of disease and enhancing people's general health. Public health measures such as sanitation, improved hygiene, and vaccines; reduced hazards in the workplace; new drugs and clinical procedures; and, more recently, a growing understanding of the human genome have each played a role in extending the duration and raising the quality of human life. But research conducted over the past few decades shows us that this progress, much of which was based on investigating one causative factor at a time—often, through a single discipline or by a narrow range of practitioners—can only go so far. Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment examines a number of well-described gene-environment interactions, reviews the state of the science in researching such interactions, and recommends priorities not only for research itself but also for its workforce, resource, and infrastructural needs.
Book Synopsis Environment Factors Impact Economic Positive and Negative Influence by : Johnny Ch LOK
Download or read book Environment Factors Impact Economic Positive and Negative Influence written by Johnny Ch LOK and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-28 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book topic is researched to concern whether it has direct relationship between poor environmental factor and poor human quality of life to cause poor economy growth. In my book, I shall indicate how the economist intelligence has developed a new quality of life index based on a unique methodology that links the results of subject life-satisfaction to the objective determinants to investigate whether of environment factor and human quality of life and economy growth which has close relationship among of them. In this book, I shall also explain why it has long been accepted that material wellbeing, as measured by GDP person method to measure standard of life and I shall also explain what the difference is between the broader standard of life and quality of life how to influence to any countries' economic growth. Moreover, in my literature will be tried to explain how to adjust GDP by quantifying facets that are omitted by the GDP measure, various non-market activities and social ill, such as environmental pollution. Also, I shall explain why it is difficulties in assigning monetary that comprise a wider measure of socio-economic wellbeing from GDP measurement only. In this book's final part, I shall give my recommendation to give my reasons to explain why the environmental factor can influence quality of human life and economy growth. I aim to let economy students can have more creative mind to make critical judgement to research whether environmental pollution factor has or has not ability to influence human's quality of life and economy growth for long term.
Book Synopsis Affluence and Influence by : Martin Gilens
Download or read book Affluence and Influence written by Martin Gilens and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-07-22 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why policymaking in the United States privileges the rich over the poor Can a country be a democracy if its government only responds to the preferences of the rich? In an ideal democracy, all citizens should have equal influence on government policy—but as this book demonstrates, America's policymakers respond almost exclusively to the preferences of the economically advantaged. Affluence and Influence definitively explores how political inequality in the United States has evolved over the last several decades and how this growing disparity has been shaped by interest groups, parties, and elections. With sharp analysis and an impressive range of data, Martin Gilens looks at thousands of proposed policy changes, and the degree of support for each among poor, middle-class, and affluent Americans. His findings are staggering: when preferences of low- or middle-income Americans diverge from those of the affluent, there is virtually no relationship between policy outcomes and the desires of less advantaged groups. In contrast, affluent Americans' preferences exhibit a substantial relationship with policy outcomes whether their preferences are shared by lower-income groups or not. Gilens shows that representational inequality is spread widely across different policy domains and time periods. Yet Gilens also shows that under specific circumstances the preferences of the middle class and, to a lesser extent, the poor, do seem to matter. In particular, impending elections—especially presidential elections—and an even partisan division in Congress mitigate representational inequality and boost responsiveness to the preferences of the broader public. At a time when economic and political inequality in the United States only continues to rise, Affluence and Influence raises important questions about whether American democracy is truly responding to the needs of all its citizens.
Book Synopsis The Influences of Selected Socio-economic Factors of Parents and Parenting Attitudes on the Academic Achievements of Their Wards by : James Sunney Quaicoe
Download or read book The Influences of Selected Socio-economic Factors of Parents and Parenting Attitudes on the Academic Achievements of Their Wards written by James Sunney Quaicoe and published by Anchor Academic Publishing (aap_verlag). This book was released on 2014-04-24 with total page 65 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the study was to explore the relation between selected Socio-economic and parenting factors on the academic performance of pupils. The study used a descriptive research designed type. A total of twenty-nine (29) pupils who are in Basic two were used for the study. Questionnaires and test were the instruments used in gathering data on pupils and their parents. Responses from the pupils and their parents were treated statistically using frequency tables, percentages, mean, standard deviation and Pearson's Correlation as the tools. Major findings from the study indicated that pupils' academic performance is just above average; and that the Socio-economic and parenting factors of the parents of the pupils' are also average. The study further established that there is a significant, medium and positive relation existing between the Socio-economic status of pupils' parents and pupils' academic performance; the parenting attitudes and pupils' academic performance. Finally, the study again established that there is a significant, medium relation between the Socio-economic status of pupils' parents and their parenting attitude or responsible parenting. Based the findings, suggestions in the form of recommendations were offered, which included; the need for deepened teacher - parent collaboration and the school undertaking activities to attract parents to the school.
