The Collaborative Economy in Action: European Perspectives

Download The Collaborative Economy in Action: European Perspectives PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Limerick
ISBN 13 : 1911620304
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Collaborative Economy in Action: European Perspectives by : Andrzej Klimczuk

Download or read book The Collaborative Economy in Action: European Perspectives written by Andrzej Klimczuk and published by University of Limerick. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book titled The Collaborative Economy in Action: European Perspectives is one of the important outcomes of the COST Action CA16121, From Sharing to Caring: Examining the Socio-Technical Aspects of the Collaborative Economy (short name: Sharing and Caring; sharingandcaring.eu) that was active between March 2017 and September 2021. The Action was funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology - COST (www.cost.eu/actions/CA16121). The main objective of the COST Action Sharing and Caring is the development of a European network of researchers and practitioners interested in investigating the collaborative economy models, platforms, and their socio-technological implications. The network involves scholars, practitioners, communities, and policymakers. The COST Action Sharing and Caring helped to connect research initiatives across Europe and enabled scientists to develop their ideas by collaborating with peers. This collaboration opportunity represented a boost for the participants' research, careers, and innovation potential. The main aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the collaborative economy (CE) in European countries with a variety of its aspects for a deeper understanding of the phenomenon as a whole. For this reason, in July 2017, an open call for country reports was distributed among the members of the COST Action Sharing and Caring. Representatives of the member countries were invited to produce short country reports covering: definition(s) of the CE; types and models of the CE; key stakeholders involved; as well as legislation and technological tools relevant for the CE. Submitted reports varied in length and regarding the level of detail included, in accordance with how much information was available in each respective country at the time of writing. Editors of the book have compiled these early reports into a summary report, which was intended as a first step in mapping the state of the CE in Europe. The Member Countries Report on the Collaborative Economy, edited by Gaia Mosconi, Agnieszka Lukasiewicz, and Gabriela Avram (2018) that was published on the Sharing and Caring website, represented its first synergetic outcome and provided an overview of the CE phenomenon as interpreted and manifested in each of the countries part of the network. Additionally, Sergio Nassare-Aznar, Kosjenka Dumančić, and Giulia Priora compiled a Preliminary Legal Analysis of Country Reports on Cases of Collaborative Economy (2018). In 2018, after undertaking an analysis of the previous reports' strengths and weaknesses, the book editors issued a call for an updated version of these country reports. Prof. Ann Light advised the editorial team, proposing a new format for country reports and 4000 words limit. The template included: Introduction, Definition, Key Questions, Examples, Illustration, Context, Developments, Issues, Other Major Players, and Relevant Literature. The new template was approved by the Management Committee in October 2018. The task force that had supported the production of the first series of country reports (Dimitar Trajanov, Maria del Mar Alonso, Bálint Balázs, Kosjenka Dumančić, and Gabriela Avram) acted as mentors for the team of authors in each country. The final reports arrived at the end of 2018, bringing the total number of submissions to 30 (twenty-nine European countries plus Georgia). A call for book editors was issued, and a new editorial team was formed by volunteers from the participants of the COST Action: Andrzej Klimczuk, Vida Česnuityte, Cristina Miguel, Santa Mijalche, Gabriela Avram, Bori Simonovits, Bálint Balázs, Kostas Stefanidis, and Rafael Laurenti. The editorial team organized the double-blind reviews of reports and communicated to the authors the requirements for improving their texts. After reviews, the authors submitted updated versions of their country reports providing up-to-date interdisciplinary analysis on the state of the CE in 2019, when the reports were collected. During the final phase, the chapters were again reviewed by the lead editors together with all editorial team members. At the time, the intention was to update these reports again just before the end of the COST Action Sharing and Caring in 2021 and to produce a third edition. However, the COVID-19 pandemic changed these plans. Thus, this final volume was created by 82 scholars-editors and contributors-and consists of reports on 27 countries participating in the COST Action.

Digital Work and Personal Data Protection

Download Digital Work and Personal Data Protection PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527523977
Total Pages : 555 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Digital Work and Personal Data Protection by : Lourdes Mella Méndez

Download or read book Digital Work and Personal Data Protection written by Lourdes Mella Méndez and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers contributions related to the most pressing problems and challenges that new information and communications technologies (ICT) and digital platforms introduce into the labour market, and the impact they have on the way that people work, their rights and even their health and dignity. In addition, there are also chapters studying personal data protection, which is currently a topic of maximum interest due to the New European Regulation about it. The contributors here are drawn from around the world, with several countries represented, such as Portugal, Spain, Italy, Brazil, Australia and Venezuela. The book will appeal lawyers, legal and human resources experts, economists, judges, academics and staff from trade unions, and employers’ representation. The volume features insights and contributions in different languages, with chapters in Spanish (12), English (6) and Portuguese (4).

Handbook of Research on Contemporary Consumerism

Download Handbook of Research on Contemporary Consumerism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522582711
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Contemporary Consumerism by : Kaufmann, Hans Ruediger

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Contemporary Consumerism written by Kaufmann, Hans Ruediger and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-09-20 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Societal marketing has gained widespread recognition in the marketing discipline both in academia and the professional industry. The Handbook of Research on Contemporary Consumerism is an essential reference source that provides an in-depth understanding on the various aspects and issues of consumerism and reveals the critical success factors and conceptual and theoretical frameworks of these concepts from recent contexts and perspectives. Additionally, it examines the impact of identity on marketing and branding from the consumerist perspective, discusses consumerism as a source of innovation and product development, and provides insights on consumerism and profitability. Featuring research on topics such as circular economy, digital marketing, and social media, this book is ideally designed for practitioners, managers, marketers, academic researchers, and students.

Global Perspectives on Legal Challenges Posed by Ridesharing Companies

Download Global Perspectives on Legal Challenges Posed by Ridesharing Companies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811570353
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Global Perspectives on Legal Challenges Posed by Ridesharing Companies by : Zeynep Ayata

Download or read book Global Perspectives on Legal Challenges Posed by Ridesharing Companies written by Zeynep Ayata and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-28 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how regulators and policymakers from nine different countries have dealt with Uber, and initiates a legal dialogue between different jurisdictions that could potentially pave the way to a harmonized approach in regulating Uber. The case studies, conducted in Brazil, Germany, Italy, Mexico, Spain, South Africa, Turkey, the UK and the US reveal the case law and regulatory responses that have been adopted in various areas of law. Legal issues relevant to Uber include market regulation, labor law, civil liability, consumer protection, unfair competition and antitrust law. The book thus compares and contrasts the regulatory policy implications of the disruptive innovation created by Uber in the area of transport services. The book starts with a conceptual overview of the legal challenges posed by Uber and concludes with comparative findings based on the individual case studies. In addition to introducing academics and legal practitioners to the theoretical and practical legal problems they may encounter in connection with Uber, the book will especially appeal to policymakers, who can benefit from and compare the experiences of other jurisdictions.

Sustainable Luxury and Social Entrepreneurship Volume II

Download Sustainable Luxury and Social Entrepreneurship Volume II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351284940
Total Pages : 168 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable Luxury and Social Entrepreneurship Volume II by : Miguel Angel Gardetti

Download or read book Sustainable Luxury and Social Entrepreneurship Volume II written by Miguel Angel Gardetti and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-08 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Luxury products are now seen by a growing number of global consumers as an important and more widely available way of expressing personal aspirations and values. Most consumers of luxury products and services use them as status symbols and symbols of success. However, the definition of success – and the way it is perceived by others – is changing. Many of these successful consumers now want the brands they use to reflect their concerns and aspirations. Such products come with a heavy social and environmental cost. Sustainable luxury is about rediscovering the old meaning of luxury – a considered purchase of a beautifully crafted object with built-in social and environmental value.The social entrepreneurs documented in this book highlight the relationship between personal values and sustainability, entrepreneurship and innovation in developing and marketing luxury products. The pioneers outline how they have developed inclusive supply chains with poor and vulnerable communities. Their stories prove that luxury need not be a destructive force. Instead, this book opens a window on a world where entrepreneurial pioneers can change the rules of the game.

Financialization

Download Financialization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Berghahn Books
ISBN 13 : 1789207525
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Financialization by : Chris Hann

Download or read book Financialization written by Chris Hann and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2020-08-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with an original historical vision of financialization in human history, this volume then continues with a rich set of contemporary ethnographic case studies from Europe, Asia and Africa. Authors explore the ways in which finance inserts itself into relationships of class and kinship, how it adapts to non-Western religious traditions, and how it reconfigures legal and ecological dimensions of social organization, and urban social relations in general. Central themes include the indebtedness of individuals and households, the impact of digital technologies, the struggle for housing, financial education, and political contestation.

Transformación exponencial

Download Transformación exponencial PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bubok
ISBN 13 : 8468541184
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (685 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Transformación exponencial by : Francisco Palao

Download or read book Transformación exponencial written by Francisco Palao and published by Bubok. This book was released on 2019-08-13 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law

Download The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031142160
Total Pages : 949 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law by : Henry Peter

Download or read book The International Handbook of Social Enterprise Law written by Henry Peter and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-29 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open-access book brings together international experts who shed new light on the status of social enterprises, benefit corporations and other purpose-driven companies. The respective chapters take a multidisciplinary approach (combining law, philosophy, history, sociology and economics) and provide valuable insights on fostering social entrepreneurship and advancing the common good. In recent years, we have witnessed a significant shift of how business activities are conducted, mainly through the rise of social enterprises. In an effort to target social problems at their roots, social entrepreneurs create organizations that bring transformative social changes by considering, among others, ethical, social, and environmental factors. A variety of social enterprise models are emerging internationally and are proving their vitality and importance. But what does the term “social enterprise” mean? What are its roots? And how does it work in practice within the legal framework of any country? This handbook attempts to answer these questions from a theoretical, historical, and comparative perspective, bringing together 44 contributions written by 71 expert researchers and practitioners in this field. The first part provides an overview of the social enterprise movement, its evolution, and the different forms entities can take to meet global challenges, overcoming the limits of what governments and states can do. The second part focuses on the emergence of benefit corporations and the growing importance of sustainability and societal values, while also analyzing their different legal forms and adaptation to their regulatory environment. In turn, the last part presents the status quo of purpose-driven companies in 36 developed and emerging economies worldwide. This handbook offers food for thought and guidance for everyone interested in this field. It will benefit practitioners and decision-makers involved in social and community organizations, as well as in international development and, more generally speaking, social sciences and economics.

Quality Management for Competitive Advantage in Global Markets

Download Quality Management for Competitive Advantage in Global Markets PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799850374
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Quality Management for Competitive Advantage in Global Markets by : Saiz-Álvarez, José Manuel

Download or read book Quality Management for Competitive Advantage in Global Markets written by Saiz-Álvarez, José Manuel and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality should be treated as a culture of success in the market. Enterprises focused on quality will survive in the long term in this new environment because quality is what may create a real and robust link between a company and its clients, and these clients should always be considered the heart of any business; without them, there is neither option nor sense to continue any activity in a company. Quality Management for Competitive Advantage in Global Markets is an essential reference source that discusses the importance of quality practices and global market practices. With research that allows practitioners to improve their understanding of the strategic role of quality in the information and knowledge society, it focuses on describing a global economy formed by networks, organizations, teams, workgroups, information systems, and finally, actors in networked environments. Featuring research on topics such as consumer satisfaction, human capital, and quality management, the target audience of this book is composed of professionals and researchers working in the field of information and knowledge management in various disciplines including library, information and communication sciences, administrative sciences and management, education, adult education, sociology, computer science, and information technology. Moreover, the book provides insights and supports executives concerned with the management of expertise, knowledge, information, and organizational development in different types of work communities and environments.

Short-Term Rental Platforms as Deemed Suppliers in the EU VAT System

Download Short-Term Rental Platforms as Deemed Suppliers in the EU VAT System PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9403543183
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (35 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Short-Term Rental Platforms as Deemed Suppliers in the EU VAT System by : Emilia Teresa Sroka

Download or read book Short-Term Rental Platforms as Deemed Suppliers in the EU VAT System written by Emilia Teresa Sroka and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2024-09-19 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although much has been written and discussed about value-added tax (VAT) as an important source of public revenue in the EU, to date, the complex issue of the VAT liability of intermediaries operating in the digital realm remains underexplored. This book is the first to provide an in-depth examination of the VAT qualification of short-term rental platforms and their associated regulatory challenges, and also analyse and compare three deemed supplier models – intermediators of electronic services, e-commerce, and accommodation services – within the EU VAT system. The author details all the essential topics arising from the platform economy’s impact on the short-term rental sector and VAT collection challenges, including the following: existing VAT regulations relevant to the accommodation sector; online hosts as VAT taxable persons; classification of services provided by platforms; platforms as undisclosed agents; application of Article 28 of the VAT Directive to short-term rental platforms; the role of intermediaries in the VAT collection; the concept of the deemed supplier and its role in the EU VAT system. By describing the deemed supplier solution on the example of transactions through short-term rental platforms, the book facilitates compliance and strategic planning for platform operators, tax practitioners, and other professionals dealing with VAT in the EU. It will also prove advantageous in the development of effective VAT policies and regulations, ultimately contributing to improved tax collection and economic efficiency.

Beyond Human Resources

Download Beyond Human Resources PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1839692723
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (396 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beyond Human Resources by : Gonzalo Sánchez

Download or read book Beyond Human Resources written by Gonzalo Sánchez and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-12-15 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beyond Human Resources - Research Paths Towards a New Understanding of Workforce Management Within Organizations is a concise and pragmatic book about new trends and future lines in human resource management (HRM). It provides an overview of those crucial topics defining today’s HR function. It includes nine chapters offering a framework about urgent HR challenges and lines of actions to understand how HR adapts and innovates to face new organizational realities. This volume is a useful resource for graduate students in the HR discipline.

The Sharing Economy

Download The Sharing Economy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1527522032
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (275 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Sharing Economy by : Maria Regina Redinha

Download or read book The Sharing Economy written by Maria Regina Redinha and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sharing economy is just one of several possible expressions to designate the complex model of social and economic relationships based on the intensive use of digital technology. Constant permutations and combinations allow these relationships to be established through the intervention of a third party making traditional contractual positions flexible in such a way that today’s employee is tomorrow’s entrepreneur, or today’s consumer is tomorrow’s supplier of goods and services. The current legal framework is, in many respects, unable to accommodate such big changes and new legal regulations are required where adaptation of the existing ones proves to be inadequate. This book highlights where changes are needed and where adaptations are required, with a particular focus on the Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, British and Brazilian contexts. For that, four different approaches are undertaken, namely the meta-legal, macro-legal, micro-legal and transnational approaches. The study that results from these different approaches enables readers to acquire a general view on the current legal problems arising from the sharing economy, and was a direct result of a research project of the Centre for Legal and Economic Research, at the University of Porto, funded by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia.

Science, Technology, and Higher Education

Download Science, Technology, and Higher Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030807207
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Science, Technology, and Higher Education by : Luis Antonio Orozco

Download or read book Science, Technology, and Higher Education written by Luis Antonio Orozco and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-19 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the governance and management of science, technology, and innovation (STI) in relation to social inclusion and sustainability, highlighting its goal, challenges, and opportunities. Divided into two sections, it addresses the goals and institutional arrangements around sustainable development in the context of Latin American countries as well as the challenges of developing absorptive STI capacities for inclusion in the higher education institutions and systems. The chapters tackle the important role of citizen science, science diplomacy, peace building, mission-oriented policies, public innovation, institutional entrepreneurs, and policy networks. Researchers and scholars will find an opportunity to better grasp several topics and methodologies in knowledge development in the governance of STI. This interdisciplinary work presents original research on science, technology and innovation policy and governance studies in an understudied region.

Non-profit Governance

Download Non-profit Governance PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040145779
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (41 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Non-profit Governance by : Guillaume Plaisance

Download or read book Non-profit Governance written by Guillaume Plaisance and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-29 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-profit Governance offers 12 perspectives and analytical frameworks to facilitate the development of governance in non-profit organisations (NPOs). In this sector, governance is all the more important because it is often voluntary. Organisations therefore need to be supported in their management, accountability, and strategy. International standards (in particular ISO 37000:2021, dedicated to the governance of organisations) propose key principles to ensure value creation around stakeholder engagement, leadership, risk governance, social responsibility, and organisational sustainability. This book proposes to explore and adapt these principles to the non-profit sector. To do this, the book focuses on four facets of governance: the controls it puts in place, the stakeholders it must listen to and manage, the performance it must monitor, and, finally, the people it must lead and mobilise. The book also highlights the interest of governance mechanisms and processes in developing effective performance, ethics in NPOs and responsible management. Each chapter therefore takes one or more of the principles of ISO 37000:2021 in the non-profit context and builds an analytical framework around them. These 12 frameworks can thus be used by the organisations themselves to develop their governance practices and by researchers who will find original approaches to incorporate into their studies.

Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures

Download Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799848272
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures by : Carrizo Moreira, António

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures written by Carrizo Moreira, António and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-10-09 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the 2008-2009 crisis, the United Nations 2030 agenda for sustainable development, and the COVID-19 pandemic, the role of entrepreneurship has become more critical in most economies. Moreover, emerging protectionist policies are further encouraging the emergence of new entrepreneurial projects, particularly to replace goods and services traditionally provided by other countries. Understanding current challenges and best practices in nascent entrepreneurship is integral for the successful launching of new ventures to support the revitalization of economies and achieve sustainability. The Handbook of Research on Nascent Entrepreneurship and Creating New Ventures is a crucial reference source that covers the latest empirical research findings in the field of entrepreneurship and addresses the obstacles entrepreneurs face in these recent challenging times. The book embraces a pluralistic perspective from academicians currently navigating nascent entrepreneurship and key concepts for launching successful new ventures. Covering topics that include government support programs, spin-off companies, leadership, strategic entrepreneurship, and crowdfunding, this book is targeted towards entrepreneurs, professionals, academicians, researchers, and students.

Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World

Download Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Goodfellow Publishers Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1911635786
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (116 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World by : Alain Decrop

Download or read book Sustainable and Collaborative Tourism in a Digital World written by Alain Decrop and published by Goodfellow Publishers Ltd. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents theories, methods and results for enhancing techniques for more sustainable marketing and explores how sharing practices in business raises new social challenges and the ethical questions that arise as a consequence. It offers insights from some of the world experts in the area as to how tourism marketing can evolve and advance.

Contingent Workers’ Voice in Southern Europe

Download Contingent Workers’ Voice in Southern Europe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1802205578
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Contingent Workers’ Voice in Southern Europe by : Sofía Pérez de Guzmán

Download or read book Contingent Workers’ Voice in Southern Europe written by Sofía Pérez de Guzmán and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-17 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 License. It is free to read, download and share on Elgaronline.com. Contingent Workers’ Voice in Southern Europe investigates the manifold challenges posed by the continued expansion of the platform economy, the rise of non-standard forms of employment, and the diversification of work identities.