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Eco Physiology Of Anaerobic Biotransformation Of Lower Chlorinated Solvents In Groundwater Constructed Model And Laboratory Systems
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Book Synopsis Eco-physiology of Anaerobic Biotransformation of Lower Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater, Constructed Model and Laboratory Systems by : Marie Markantonis
Download or read book Eco-physiology of Anaerobic Biotransformation of Lower Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater, Constructed Model and Laboratory Systems written by Marie Markantonis and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ biotransformation; anaerobic microbial degradation; monochlorobenzene; vinyl chloride; constructed model wetlands; dehalogenation; Dehalococcoides; microcosms; hydro-geochemical gradients; stable isotope analysis
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents by : Victor Magar
Download or read book Anaerobic Degradation of Chlorinated Solvents written by Victor Magar and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium included 600 presentations in 50 sessions on bioremediation and supporting technologies used for a wide range of contaminants already in, or poised to invade, soil, groundwater, and sediment. Three hundred and fifty-two papers were selected and organized into ten volumes. Volume seven's articles examine the use of enhanced anaerobic biotransformation processes for treatment of chlorinated solvents in soil and groundwater. Electron donors used to stimulate reductive dechlorination processes in lab- and field-scale demonstrations are also presented. Articles average eight pages, and contain abstracts and references. Annotation copyrighted by Book News Inc., Portland, OR.
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Biotransformation of Contaminants in the Subsurface by : Joseph M. Suflita
Download or read book Anaerobic Biotransformation of Contaminants in the Subsurface written by Joseph M. Suflita and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis In-Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material by : Robert D. Norris
Download or read book In-Situ Bioremediation of Ground Water and Geological Material written by Robert D. Norris and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1995-08 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a detailed background of the technologies available for the bioremediation of contaminated soil & ground water. Prepared for scientists, consultants, regulatory personnel, & others who are associated in some way with the restoration of soil & ground water at hazardous waste sites. Also provides insights to emerging technologies which are at the research level of formation, ranging from theoretical concepts, through bench scale inquiries, to limited field-scale investigations. 95 tables & figures.
Book Synopsis Bioremediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater by :
Download or read book Bioremediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination Coupled with Aerobic Cometabolism by : DEREK. VEERKAMP
Download or read book Natural Attenuation of Chlorinated Ethenes by Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination Coupled with Aerobic Cometabolism written by DEREK. VEERKAMP and published by . This book was released on 1999-03-01 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chlorinated solvents and their daughter products are the most common contaminants of groundwater at industrial and military facilities in the United States. Limitations of conventional technologies have intensified efforts to find alternative methods to remediate contaminated sites to regulatory goals set by CERCLA. Natural attenuation of chlorinated solvents is a promising alternative to traditional pump and treat methods but has not been well understood or widely accepted. This modeling study investigated the ability of TCE to completely degrade under various aquifer conditions and rate order constants. It also examined a case study of a former landfill site at Moody AFB. We found unusually high flow of ground water by advection or dispersion inhibits the complete degradation of TCE. High concentrations of sulfate or nitrate inhibit the creation of methanogenic conditions and therefore inhibit reductive dechlorination of TCE. We also found an electron donor co-contaminant a critical factor for the complete destruction of TCE because it creates anaerobic conditions. The model illustrated a possible explanation for the lack of down gradient contaminants at the landfill site may be the coupling of reductive dechlorination and cometabolism naturally attenuation the contaminants.
Book Synopsis Numerical Simulation of Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of CAHs in Continuous Flow Systems by : Nizar Ahmad Mustafa
Download or read book Numerical Simulation of Anaerobic Reductive Dechlorination of CAHs in Continuous Flow Systems written by Nizar Ahmad Mustafa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Halogenated organic compounds have had widespread and massive applications in industry, agriculture, and private households, for example, as degreasing solvents, flame retardants and in polymer production. They are released to the environment through both anthropogenic and natural sources. The most common chlorinated solvents present as contaminants include tetrachloroethene (PCE, perchloroethene) and trichloroethene (TCE). These chlorinated solvents are problematic because of their health hazards and persistence in the environment, threatening human and environmental health. Microbial reductive dechlorination is emerging as a promising approach for the remediation of chlorinated solvents in aquifers. In microbial reductive dechlorination, specialized bacteria obtain energy for growth from metabolic dechlorination reactions that convert PCE to TCE, cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), vinyl chloride (VC), and finally to benign ethene. Field studies show incomplete dechlorination of PCE to ethene due to lack of electron donors or other populations competing for the electron donor. Mathematical models are good tools to integrate the processes affecting the fate and transport of chlorinated solvents in the subsurface. This thesis explores the use of modeling to provide a better understanding of the reductive dehalogenation process of chlorinated solvents and their competition with other microorganisms for available electron donors in continuous flow systems such as a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) and a continuous flow column. The model is a coupled thermodynamic and kinetic model that includes inhibition kinetics for the dechlorination reactions, thermodynamic constraints on organic acids fermentation and has incorporated hydrogen competition among microorganisms such as homoacetogenesis, sulfate reducers and ferric iron reducers. The set of equations are coupled to those required for modeling a CSTR. The system of model equations was solved numerically using COMSOL 3.5 a, which employs finite-element methods. The kinetic model was verified by simulation results compared to previously published models and by electron balances. The simulation process progressed by simulating the anaerobic reductive dechlorination, coupled with thermodynamic limitation of electron donor fermentation in batch systems to the modeling of CSTR, and finally to simulate anaerobic reductive dechlorination in continuous flow column, aquifer column including the processes of advection, dispersion and sorption along with the microbial processes of dehalogenation, fermentation, iron and sulfate reduction. The simulations using the developed model captured the general trends of the chemical species, and a good job predicting the dynamics of microbial population responses either the CSTRs or continuous flow column. Although, the kinetic of anaerobic dechlorination processes of chlorinated solvents in those systems have been researched in the past, little progress has been made towards understanding the combined effects of the dechlorination and thermodynamic constraints in continuous flow systems. This work provides a rigorous mathematical model for describing the coupled effects of these processes.
Book Synopsis Principles and Practices of Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents by :
Download or read book Principles and Practices of Enhanced Anaerobic Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Department of Defense (DoD) has identified hundreds of sites where groundwater is contaminated with chlorinated solvents; these represent one of the DoD's largest remediation liabilities. In addition to their use in many industrial processes, chlorinated solvents have historically been used for cleaning and degreasing such diverse products as aircraft engines, automobile parts, electronic components, and clothing in the military and commercial sectors. Chlorinated solvents were often released to the subsurface environment in waste water or in the form of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs). As a result of their physical and chemical properties, DNAPLs are difficult to remediate once they have migrated into groundwater aquifers. Enhanced in situ anaerobic bioremediation can be an effective method of degrading various chlorinated solvents dissolved in groundwater, including chloroethenes, chloroethanes, and chloromethanes. Collectively, these compounds (some of which are degradation products of chlorinated solvents) are referred to as chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs). Advantages of enhanced anaerobic bioremediation include complete mineralization of the contaminants in situ with little impact on infrastructure and relatively low cost compared to more active engineered remedial systems.
Book Synopsis Modeling the Anaerobic Biotransformation and Transport of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Groundwater by : Md. Akhter Hossain
Download or read book Modeling the Anaerobic Biotransformation and Transport of Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Groundwater written by Md. Akhter Hossain and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhanced Anaerobic Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents in the Capillary Fringe by : Sebastien Roupen Kaskassian
Download or read book Enhanced Anaerobic Dechlorination of Chlorinated Solvents in the Capillary Fringe written by Sebastien Roupen Kaskassian and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioventing under anaerobic reductive conditions has been presented as a potential bioremediation technology for dealing with highly chlorinated compounds present in the capillary fringe of a contaminated soil. Anaerobic reductive bioventing is similar to aerobic bioventing, providing the gas injected is free of oxygen and contains an electron donor, here hydrogen. The concept of bioventing is reported to be cost effective because of the in-situ solution it provides. Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) typically degrades under anaerobic, reductive conditions to Vinyl Chloride (VC), which can then be readily oxidized to environmentally benign products. In this study, enhanced anaerobic degradation of PCE in the unsaturated zone of the soil was simulated in soil microcosms. Four 15 cm high and 8 cm in diameter reactors were filled with a contaminated soil sampled at an Air Force base site. Each reactor allowed for a different set of conditions in components concentration in the gas feed. The work focused on optimizing the injection gas composition, monitoring electron donor delivery and utilization, and evaluating the treatment performance of PCE. Only one microcosm, fed with 0.5 % of hydrogen and 0.5 % of carbon dioxide, showed dechlorination of PCE into Trichloroethylene (TCE) and Cis-Dichloroethylene (Cis-DCE). This microcosm completely consumed hydrogen and produced little methane, thus proving that the feeding conditions favored dechlorinators over methanogenes. PCE sequential dehalogenation did not proceed further than Cis-DCE but the total quantity of intermediates produced accounted for more than 40 % of the PCE removed in that dechlorinating microcosm. In the other microcosms, PCE removal was mainly due to adsorption of PCE onto the soil organic matter. Adding biomass to the microcosm or increasing the gas retention time did not result in significant improvements of the microcosm dechlorinating activity. Pre-existing soil contaminants, mainly hydrocarbons, were not responsible for the lack of dechlorination. Gas feeding concentrations were the only parameters proved to trigger PCE sequential dechlorination since they helped maintaining reducing conditions. This study was useful to assess the potential for dechlorination of highly chlorinated compounds in a specific soil sample and to optimize the feed conditions to be applied when testing anaerobic bioventing in-situ.
Book Synopsis In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Using Sequential and Simultaneous Anaerobic/aerobic Column Systems by : Timothy Eugene Mackey
Download or read book In Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents Using Sequential and Simultaneous Anaerobic/aerobic Column Systems written by Timothy Eugene Mackey and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group. In Situ Bioremediation Work Team Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages : pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (429 download)
Book Synopsis Technical and Regulatory Requirements for Enhanced in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater by : Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group. In Situ Bioremediation Work Team
Download or read book Technical and Regulatory Requirements for Enhanced in Situ Bioremediation of Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater written by Interstate Technology and Regulatory Cooperation Work Group. In Situ Bioremediation Work Team and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Anaerobic Biodegradation of Mixtures of Chlorinated Solvents by : Vasilios Kaseros
Download or read book Anaerobic Biodegradation of Mixtures of Chlorinated Solvents written by Vasilios Kaseros and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread contamination of groundwater with mixtures of chlorinated hydrocarbons poses a health threat and an obligation to the landowner to remediate this threat. Organic solvents such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and carbon tetrachloride (CT) are frequently found on contaminated sites and as suspected carcinogens must be removed from the environment. The objective of this study was to determine the susceptibility of mixtures of PCE and CT to biological reductive dechlorination. Using microcosms and a continuous column the impact of CT degradation on the degradation of a PCE was examined. Using an ethanol/PCE enrichment culture the effect of CT and its degradation products, chloroform (CF) and dichloromethane (DCM), on the degradation of PCE was examined. In microcosms 5 mg/L CT totally inhibited the degradation of PCE. Full PCE degradation to cis-DCE did occur after the bottles were purged with nitrogen and PCE was applied in the absence of CT. In the column studies the addition of 0.5 mg/L CT totally suspended PCE degradation for 24 days. The biodegradation of organic solvents can be an effective way to eliminate possible human health threats, however extra care must be taken when dealing with mixtures of organic solvents. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).
Author :Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309069327 Total Pages :289 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation by : Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources
Download or read book Natural Attenuation for Groundwater Remediation written by Commission on Geosciences, Environment, and Resources and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-31 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, officials responsible for clean-up of contaminated groundwater have increasingly turned to natural attenuation-essentially allowing naturally occurring processes to reduce the toxic potential of contaminants-versus engineered solutions. This saves both money and headaches. To the people in surrounding communities, though, it can appear that clean-up officials are simply walking away from contaminated sites. When is natural attenuation the appropriate approach to a clean-up? This book presents the consensus of a diverse committee, informed by the views of researchers, regulators, and community activists. The committee reviews the likely effectiveness of natural attenuation with different classes of contaminants-and describes how to evaluate the "footprints" of natural attenuation at a site to determine whether natural processes will provide adequate clean-up. Included are recommendations for regulatory change. The committee emphasizes the importance of the public's belief and attitudes toward remediation and provides guidance on involving community stakeholders throughout the clean-up process. The book explores how contamination occurs, explaining concepts and terms, and includes case studies from the Hanford nuclear site, military bases, as well as other sites. It provides historical background and important data on clean-up processes and goes on to offer critical reviews of 14 published protocols for evaluating natural attenuation.
Book Synopsis Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation by : Hans F. Stroo
Download or read book Bioaugmentation for Groundwater Remediation written by Hans F. Stroo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a review of the past 10 to 15 years of intensive research, development and demonstrations that have been on the forefront of developing bioaugmentation into a viable remedial technology. This volume provides both a primer on the basic microbial processes involved in bioaugmentation, as well as a thorough summary of the methodology for implementing the technology. This reference volume will serve as a valuable resource for environmental remediation professionals who seek to understand, evaluate, and implement bioaugmentation.
Book Synopsis Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Alternatives for Ground Water Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There may be nearly 300,000 waste sites in the United States where ground water and soil are contaminated. Yet recent studies question whether existing technologies can restore contaminated ground water to drinking water standards, which is the goal for most sites and the result expected by the public. How can the nation balance public health, technological realities, and cost when addressing ground water cleanup? This new volume offers specific conclusions, outlines research needs, and recommends policies that are technologically sound while still protecting health and the environment. Authored by the top experts from industry and academia, this volume: Examines how the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of the subsurface environment, as well as the properties of contaminants, complicate the cleanup task. Reviews the limitations of widely used conventional pump-and-treat cleanup systems, including detailed case studies. Evaluates a range of innovative cleanup technologies and the barriers to their full implementation. Presents specific recommendations for policies and practices in evaluating contamination sites, in choosing remediation technologies, and in setting appropriate cleanup goals.
Book Synopsis Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water by :
Download or read book Monitored Natural Attenuation of Inorganic Contaminants in Ground Water written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: V.3 ... consists of individual chapters that describe 1) the conceptual background for radionuclides, including tritium, radon, strontium, technetium, uranium, iodine, radium, thorium, cesium, plutonium-americium and 2) data requirements to be met during site characterization.
