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Earthquake Ground Motion Simulation And Reliability Implications
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Book Synopsis Earthquake Ground Motion Simulation and Reliability Implications by : Chiun-Lin Wu
Download or read book Earthquake Ground Motion Simulation and Reliability Implications written by Chiun-Lin Wu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the purpose of performance evaluation of structures, a phenomenological model is developed for the generation of earthquake ground motions. The simulation procedure is based on the most recent ground motion models and simulation methods. A strong emphasis is placed on uncertaintly modeling and efficiency in application to performance evaluation and reliability analysis. Site locations of special interest include Memphis, TN, Carbondale, IL, St. Louis, MO, and Santa Barbara, CA as they represent U.S. cities in different areas of seismicity.
Book Synopsis Earthquake Motion Simulation and Reliability Implications by : Chiun-Lin Wu
Download or read book Earthquake Motion Simulation and Reliability Implications written by Chiun-Lin Wu and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Earthquake Engineering by : Yousef Bozorgnia
Download or read book Earthquake Engineering written by Yousef Bozorgnia and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-05-11 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This multi-contributor book provides comprehensive coverage of earthquake engineering problems, an overview of traditional methods, and the scientific background on recent developments. It discusses computer methods on structural analysis and provides access to the recent design methodologies and serves as a reference for both professionals and res
Book Synopsis Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets by : Yoshifumi Yamamoto
Download or read book Stochastic Model for Earthquake Ground Motion Using Wavelet Packets written by Yoshifumi Yamamoto and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For performance-based design, nonlinear dynamic structural analysis for various types of input ground motions is required. Stochastic (simulated) ground motions are sometimes useful as input motions, because unlike recorded motions they are not limited in number and because their properties can be varied systematically to study the impact of ground motion properties on structural response. This dissertation describes an approach by which the wavelet packet transform can be used to characterize complex time-varying earthquake ground motions, and it illustrates the potential benefits of such an approach in a variety of earthquake engineering applications. The proposed model is based on Thr´ainsson and Kiremidjian (2002), which use Fourier amplitudes and phase differences to simulate ground motions and attenuation models to their model parameters. We extend their model using wavelet packet transform since it can control the time and frequency characteristic of time series. The time- and frequency-varying properties of real ground motions can be captured using wavelet packets, so a model is developed that requires only 13 parameters to describe a given ground motion. These 13 parameters are then related to seismological variables such as earthquake magnitude, distance, and site condition, through regression analysis that captures trends in mean values, standard deviations and correlations of these parameters observed in a large database of recorded strong ground motions. The resulting regression equations then form a model that can be used to predict ground motions for a future earthquake scenario; this model is analogous to widely used empirical ground motion prediction models (formerly called "attenuation models") except that this model predicts entire time series rather than only response spectra. The ground motions produced using this predictive model are explored in detail, and are shown to have elastic response spectra, inelastic response spectra, durations, mean periods, etc., that are consistent in both mean and variability to existing published predictive models for those properties. That consistency allows the proposed model to be used in place of existing models for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) calculations. This new way to calculate PSHA is termed "simulation-based probabilistic seismic hazard analysis" and it allows a deeper understanding of ground motion hazard and hazard deaggregation than is possible with traditional PSHA because it produces a suite of potential ground motion time histories rather than simply a distribution of response spectra. The potential benefits of this approach are demonstrated and explored in detail. Taking this analysis even further, this suite of time histories can be used as input for nonlinear dynamic analysis of structures, to perform a risk analysis (i.e., "probabilistic seismic demand analysis") that allows computation of the probability of the structure exceeding some level of response in a future earthquake. These risk calculations are often performed today using small sets of scaled recorded ground motions, but that approach requires a variety of assumptions regarding important properties of ground motions, the impacts of ground motion scaling, etc. The approach proposed here facilitates examination of those assumptions, and provides a variety of other relevant information not obtainable by that traditional approach.
Book Synopsis Earthquake Ground Motion by : Walter Salazar
Download or read book Earthquake Ground Motion written by Walter Salazar and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2024-03-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earthquake Ground Motion is a compilation of ten chapters covering tectonics, seismicity, site effects, tsunamis, infrastructure, and instrumentation. It presents state-of-the-art techniques for retrieving rupture models, seismogenic structures, and validation of focal mechanisms. It also presents macroseismic archiving tools for historical and instrumental earthquakes and the fundamentals of seismic tomography. The book describes the site response analysis in 2D and 3D, considering topographic and soil structure interactions, its incorporation in a seismic hazard analysis, and the impact of earthquakes on the cost of reconstruction. The final sections are devoted to the genesis of earthquakes tsunamis, non-seismic tsunamis, and the new role of gyroscopes in rotational seismology.
Book Synopsis Structural Safety and Reliability by : Naruhito Shiraishi
Download or read book Structural Safety and Reliability written by Naruhito Shiraishi and published by Taylor & Francis US. This book was released on 1998 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures by : George Deodatis
Download or read book Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures written by George Deodatis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-02-10 with total page 1112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Safety, Reliability, Risk and Life-Cycle Performance of Structures and Infrastructures contains the plenary lectures and papers presented at the 11th International Conference on STRUCTURAL SAFETY AND RELIABILITY (ICOSSAR2013, New York, NY, USA, 16-20 June 2013), and covers major aspects of safety, reliability, risk and life-cycle performance of str
Book Synopsis Multivariate Ground Motion Intensity Measure Models, and Implications for Structural Reliability Assessment by : Christophe Loth
Download or read book Multivariate Ground Motion Intensity Measure Models, and Implications for Structural Reliability Assessment written by Christophe Loth and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on developing models for ground motion intensity, to formulate improved design spectra for use in assessing the performance of buildings under earthquakes. Most seismic building codes and design guidelines are based on implicit performance goals that structures should achieve. Despite the significant uncertainty in future ground motion occurrence, building codes commonly check a structure's behavior under a single level of earthquake loading, quantified with a design spectrum. However, this explicit design check is often not defined with respect to the performance goals. The objective of this dissertation is to provide the link between the explicit design check and the implicit performance goals. Models for multivariate distributions of ground motion properties are refined (specifically, spectral accelerations at multiple periods and locations) and tractable methods to utilize those models to assess seismic reliability of systems are developed. Using structural reliability approaches, with environmental contours of spectral accelerations at multiple periods, a justification of the use of multiple conditional mean spectra for design checks is achieved. Performance assessment procedures for the response spectrum method as well as nonlinear response history analysis are proposed based on these conditional mean spectra. Finally, this dissertation provides an original spatial cross-correlation model for spectral accelerations at multiple periods, which allows one to conduct the design checks simultaneously for multiple structures in a region.
Book Synopsis Prediction of Ground Motions for Thrust Earthquakes by : Paul Somerville
Download or read book Prediction of Ground Motions for Thrust Earthquakes written by Paul Somerville and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measuring, Modeling and Predicting the Seismic Site Effect by : Yefei Ren
Download or read book Measuring, Modeling and Predicting the Seismic Site Effect written by Yefei Ren and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-01-25 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As recognized universally by both seismology and earthquake engineering communities, the amplitude and frequency content of ground motions are influenced by local site effects, including the effects of near-surface geologic materials, surface topographic and basin effects, and so on. Strong linkage between seismic site effect and earthquake damage has been commonly demonstrated from many past earthquakes. Therefore, quantitative and reliable evaluation of the seismic site effect is one of the crucial aspects in seismic hazard assessment and risk mitigation. With the significant advancement of modern seismic monitoring networks and arrays, huge amounts of high-quality seismic records are now being accumulated. This encourages us to measure the site responses and its associated uncertainty for selected seismic stations by some record-dependent approaches, such as horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) measurements, generalized spectral inversion (GIT) methods, etc. Machine learning techniques also show significant promise in characterization of the near-surface geologic properties and prediction of site response. These data-driven approaches help us to better understand the physics of spatial and temporal variabilities of ground motions. Due to more and more site-specific data being captured, invoking non-ergodic assumptions in seismic response analysis has recently been a topic of great interest in the community. For specific site response analysis, numerical simulations are carried out to model the dynamic process of seismic waves propagating and scattering in the subsurface strata. With development of modeling capacity, great efforts have been taken to evaluate quantitatively the complex 2D and 3D effects on seismic site response.
Book Synopsis Utilization of Physics-based Simulated Earthquake Ground Motions for Performance Assessment of Tall Buildings by : Nenad Bijelić
Download or read book Utilization of Physics-based Simulated Earthquake Ground Motions for Performance Assessment of Tall Buildings written by Nenad Bijelić and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Databases of recorded motion are limited despite the increasing amount of data collected through strong motion instrumentation programs. Particular lack of data exists for large magnitude events and at close distances as well as on earthquakes in deep sedimentary basins. Additionally, databases of recorded motions are also limited in representation of energy at long periods due to the useable frequencies of recording instruments. This lack of data is currently partially addressed through assumption of ergodicity in development of empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). Nevertheless, challenges remain for calibration of empirical GMPEs as used in conventional approaches for probabilistic estimation of seismic hazard. At the same time, limited data on strong earthquakes and their effect on structures poses challenges for making reliable risk assessments particularly for tall buildings. For instance, while the collapse safety of tall buildings is likely controlled by large magnitude earthquakes with long du- rations and high long-period content, there are few available recorded ground motions to evaluate these issues. The influence of geologic basins on amplifying ground motion effects raises additional questions. Absent recorded motions from past large magnitude earthquakes, physics-based ground motion simulations provide a viable alternative due to the ability to consider extreme ground motions while being inherently site-specific and explicitly considering instances not well constrained by limited empirical data. This thesis focuses on utilization of physics-based simulated earthquake ground motions for performance assessment of tall buildings with three main goals: (1) developing confidence in the use of simulated ground motions through comparative assessments of recorded and simulated motions; (2) identifying important characteristics of extreme ground motions for col- lapse safety of tall buildings; (3) exploring areas where simulated ground motions provide significant advantages over recorded motions for performance-based engineering. To gain confidence in the use of simulated motions for full performance assessment of tall buildings, a 'similar intensity measure' validation study was performed. Structural responses to ground motions simulated with different methods on the Southern California Earthquake Center (SCEC) Broadband Platform (BBP) are contrasted to recorded motions from PEER NGA database with similar spectral shape and significant durations. Two tall buildings, a 20-story concrete frame and a 42-story concrete core wall building, are analyzed at increasing levels of ground motion intensity, up to structural collapse, to check for statistically significant differences between the responses to simulated and recorded motions. Considered demands include story drift ratios, floor accelerations and collapse response. These comparisons yield similar results in most cases but also reveal instances where certain simulated ground motions can result in biased responses. The source of bias is traced to differences in correlations of spectral values in some of the stochastic ground motion simulations. When the differences in correlations are removed, simulated and recorded motions yield comparable results. Moving beyond validation, the thesis also explored areas where the use of simulated motions provides advantages over approaches based on limited databases of recorded motions for performance-based engineering. One such area is seismic risk in deep sedimentary basins which is studied by examining collapse risk and drift demands of a 20-story archetype tall building utilizing ground motions at four sites in the Los Angeles basin. Seismic demands of the building are calculated form nonlinear structural analyses using large datasets (~500,000 ground motions per site) of unscaled, site-specific simulated seismograms. Seismic hazard and building performance from direct analysis of SCEC CyberShake motions are contrasted with values obtained based on 'conventional' approaches that rely on recorded motions coupled with probabilistic seismic hazard assessments. The analysis shows that, depending on the location of the site within the basin, the two approaches can yield drastically different results. For instance, at a deep basin site the CyberShake-based analysis yields around seven times larger mean annual frequency of collapse ( c) and significantly higher drift demands (e.g. drift demand of 1% is exceeded around three times more frequently) compared to the conventional approach. Both the hazard as well as the spectral shapes of the motions are shown to drive the differences in responses. Deaggregation of collapse risk is performed to identify the relative contributions of earthquake fault ruptures, linking building responses with specific seismograms and contrasting collapse risk with hazard. The effect of earthquake ground motions in deep sedimentary basins on structural collapse risk is further studied through the use of CyberShake earthquake simulations in the Los Angeles basin. Distinctive waveform characteristics of deep basin seismograms are used to classify the ground motions into several archetype groups, and the damaging influence of the basin effects are evaluated by comparing nonlinear structural responses under comparable basin and non-basin ground motions. The deep basin ground motions are observed to have larger durations and spectral intensities than non-basin motions for vibration periods longer than about 1.5 seconds, which can increase the relative structural collapse risk by up to 20 percent between ground motions with otherwise comparable spectral accelerations and significant durations. Two new metrics, termed sustained amplitude response spectra (RSx spectra) and significant duration spectra (Da spectra), are proposed to quantify period-dependent duration effects that are not otherwise captured by conventional ground motion intensity measures. The proposed sustained amplitude response spectra and significant duration spectra show promise for characterizing the damaging effects of long duration features of basin ground motions on buildings and other structures. The large database of CyberShake simulations is utilized to re-examine the relationships between engineering demand parameters and input ground motions on structural response. Focusing on collapse response, machine learning techniques are applied to results of about two million nonlinear time history analyses of an archetype 20-story tall building performed using CyberShake ground motions. The resulting feature selection (based on regularized logistic regression) generally confirms existing understanding of collapse predictors as gained from scaled recorded motions but also reveals the benefit of some novel intensity measures (IMs), in particular the RSx spectral features. In addition, the statistical interrogations of the large collection of hazard-consistent simulations demonstrate the utility of different IMs for collapse predictions in a way that is not possible with recorded motions. A small subset of robust IMs is identified and used in development of an efficient collapse classification algorithm, which is tested on benchmark results from other CyberShake sites. The classification algorithm yields promising results for application to regional risk assessment of building performance.
Book Synopsis Ground Motion Simulation Validation Based on Loss Metrics by : Poojitha Shashi
Download or read book Ground Motion Simulation Validation Based on Loss Metrics written by Poojitha Shashi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of the earthquake ground motion parameters on the probabilistic loss estimation of buildings is the major interest of this study. For the seismic performance assessment, real ground motion records from the past earthquakes are required. Estimation of repair costs in future earthquakes is the major component for seismic loss analysis. This study addresses the sensitivity of the statistical characteristics of ground motions contributing to the building loss. Among these characteristics are the ground-shaking intensity (Arias Intensity), duration, and frequency at the middle of strong-shaking phase of the ground motion. These parameters are vital in determining the seismic response of the building structure. A fine study on the sensitivity of the seismic response and corresponding loss of the building structure to ground motions model parameters is carried out using Performance-based Earth- quake Engineering and Performance Assessment Computational Tool, respectively. But due to the scarcity of moderate to large earthquakes, the real records fail to match the required characteristics of motions, as there are insufficient set of data available for analysis to be carried out. Even, the of technique scaling ground motions results in overall unrealistic properties. This has led to the simulation of ground motions which will provide the additional and hopefully accurate predicted information on characteristics of the moderate to large earthquakes. Hence, a fully non-stationary stochastic model for strong earthquake ground motion model is considered which employs the statistical characteristics (waveform parameters) as model parameters matched with those of identified for a large sample of recorded ground motions for specified earthquake and site characteristics, to deliver simulated ground motions to examine the building loss metrics, which depends on the uncertainties in various analysis process starting from obtaining Intensity Measure (IM), Demand parameters (EDPs) to the repair cost estimates. From the predictive equations, specified earthquake and site characteristics results in the model parameters.Further, the validity of simulated ground motion time series representing the real ground shaking during future earthquakes is a crucial step. This study employs the hybrid broad- band ground motion simulation applied simulations to validate against the real records. With the help of hybrid approach, making use of wave propagation phenomena and site response characterization, effort has been taken for validation of these simulated ground motions is conducted for the sensitivity of seismic response and loss for these simulated ground motions.
Book Synopsis Strong Ground Motion Simulation and Earthquake Engineering Applications by : Roger E. Scholl
Download or read book Strong Ground Motion Simulation and Earthquake Engineering Applications written by Roger E. Scholl and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinematic and Dynamic Simulation of Ground Motion: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment Verbesserung der seismischen Gefährdungsabschätzung durch kinematische und dynamische Modellierung seismischer Bodenbewegung by : Ellen Gottschämmer
Download or read book Kinematic and Dynamic Simulation of Ground Motion: Implications for Seismic Hazard Assessment Verbesserung der seismischen Gefährdungsabschätzung durch kinematische und dynamische Modellierung seismischer Bodenbewegung written by Ellen Gottschämmer and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Simulating the Effect of a Shallow Weak Zone on Near-source Ground Motion by : Geoffrey P. Ely
Download or read book Simulating the Effect of a Shallow Weak Zone on Near-source Ground Motion written by Geoffrey P. Ely and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhancement and Validation of Ground Motion Simulations by : Nan Wang
Download or read book Enhancement and Validation of Ground Motion Simulations written by Nan Wang and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate prediction of strong ground motion is central to seismic hazard analysis in order to estimate losses during major earthquakes. Ground motion simulations are essential to seismic ground motion prediction, especially for locations of infrequent observations, such as large magnitude and short distance events, where simulations can provide a viable alternative to data. Therefore, enhancement and validation of ground motion simulations, the primary goal of this dissertation, are highly desirable. In Chapter 2, we quantify the effects of four important factors on ground motions from large normal-faulting earthquakes on the Wasatch fault in the Salt Lake Basin: rupture direction, location on the hanging wall versus the footwall, deep 3D basin structure, and the distance from the rupture in the near field range. In Chapter 3, we attempt to validate the presence of several proposed waveguides in the Los Angeles area using 3D simulations and observed data from ambient noise. Here, we compare the numerical and empirical surface-to-surface Green tensors for virtual sources located on the San Andreas Fault. The regions of large peak motions caused by waveguide focusing in the simulations show generally good agreement with increases in the Green tensor amplitudes, supporting the presence of two separate waveguides in greater Los Angeles. In Chapters 4 and 5, we develop an empirical frequency-dependent spatial ground motion correlation model and methods to rectify simulation techniques that otherwise produce synthetic time histories deficient in inter-frequency and spatial correlation structure. The methods are tested using a hybrid deterministic-stochastic broadband ground motion generation module, where our method reproduces the empirical correlations well for a large number of realizations without biasing the fit of the median of the spectral accelerations to data. We find that the best fit of the inter-frequency correlation to data is obtained assuming that the horizontal components are correlated with a correlation coefficient of about 0.7.
