Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662024039
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors by : B.I. Shklovskii

Download or read book Electronic Properties of Doped Semiconductors written by B.I. Shklovskii and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First-generation semiconductors could not be properly termed "doped- they were simply very impure. Uncontrolled impurities hindered the discovery of physical laws, baffling researchers and evoking pessimism and derision in advocates of the burgeoning "pure" physical disciplines. The eventual banish ment of the "dirt" heralded a new era in semiconductor physics, an era that had "purity" as its motto. It was this era that yielded the successes of the 1950s and brought about a new technology of "semiconductor electronics". Experiments with pure crystals provided a powerful stimulus to the develop ment of semiconductor theory. New methods and theories were developed and tested: the effective-mass method for complex bands, the theory of impurity states, and the theory of kinetic phenomena. These developments constitute what is now known as semiconductor phys ics. In the last fifteen years, however, there has been a noticeable shift towards impure semiconductors - a shift which came about because it is precisely the impurities that are essential to a number of major semiconductor devices. Technology needs impure semiconductors, which unlike the first-generation items, are termed "doped" rather than "impure" to indicate that the impurity levels can now be controlled to a certain extent.

Doped

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Author :
Publisher : Racing Post
ISBN 13 : 9781909471511
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (715 download)

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Book Synopsis Doped by : Jamie Reid

Download or read book Doped written by Jamie Reid and published by Racing Post. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Doped' is the gripping true-story racing thriller set in Britain in the 1950s and early 1960s. Combining a potent mix of horse racing, drugs, sex, class, crime, gambling and the monarchy, it tells the true story of one of the biggest doping scandals in British racing history. In March 1962 an audacious attempt to nobble one of the royal horses alerted police to a well organised band of racecourse criminals, backed by murderous London gangsters. The subsequent Flying Squad pursuit of the gang brought the quaintly deferential world of racing into sharp conflict with the harsher realities of the 'You've never had it so good' era. This also coincided with the birth of the annual Dick Francis novel. The cast of characters is headed by William Roper, a debonair ex RAF Sergeant turned oddsmaker. His team included an ex jockey, numerous underpaid stable lads, an upper class gambling addict and a violent professional gangster who went on to face charges with the Kray twins in 1969. But the most fascinating member of Roper's firm was a beautiful and selfpossessed young Swiss woman called Micheline Lugeon who became the bookmaker's lover.

Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Revised and Expanded

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Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203904656
Total Pages : 798 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (39 download)

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Book Synopsis Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Revised and Expanded by : Michel J.F. Digonnet

Download or read book Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Revised and Expanded written by Michel J.F. Digonnet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-05-31 with total page 798 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers, Second Edition discusses the essential principles, operating characteristics, and current technology of the main fiber laser and amplifier devices based on rare-earth-doped silica and fluorozirconate fibers. Covering all aspects of this revolutionary technology, the book reviews fiber fabrication methods and the basic spectroscopic properties of rare-earth ions in glasses, concentrates on the most important fiber laser sources, examines several advances in fiber amplifiers, and analyzes new findings and improvements in single-frequency operation, frequency tenability, broadband fiber sources, and blue-green and far-infrared fiber lasers.

Delta-doping of Semiconductors

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521482882
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis Delta-doping of Semiconductors by : E. F. Schubert

Download or read book Delta-doping of Semiconductors written by E. F. Schubert and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1996-03-14 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first to give a comprehensive review of the theory, fabrication, characterisation, and device applications of abrupt, shallow, and narrow doping profiles in semiconductors. Such doping profiles are a key element in the development of modern semiconductor technology. After an introductory chapter setting out the basic theoretical and experimental concepts involved, the fabrication of abrupt and narrow doping profiles by several different techniques, including epitaxial growth, is discussed. The techniques for characterising doping distributions are then presented, followed by several chapters devoted to the inherent physical properties of narrow doping profiles. The latter part of the book deals with specific devices. The book will be of great interest to graduate students, researchers and engineers in the fields of semiconductor physics and microelectronic engineering.

Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers

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Author :
Publisher : Cuvillier Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3867274673
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (672 download)

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Book Synopsis Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers by : Hotan Shalibeik

Download or read book Rare-Earth-Doped Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers written by Hotan Shalibeik and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2007 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Heavily Doped Semiconductors

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146848821X
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Heavily Doped Semiconductors by : V. I. Fistul

Download or read book Heavily Doped Semiconductors written by V. I. Fistul and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recently, there has been a considerable upsurge of interest in heavily doped semiconductors. This interest is due primarily to the expanding range of applications of such. materials. Moreover, the heavy doping of semiconductors produces new effects (the forma tion of impurity aggregates, the appearance of allowed states in the forbidden band, etc J, which are of great interest in solid-state physics. The rapid growth in the number of papers on heavily doped semiconductors makes it difficult to review the results obtained so far. Therefore, many investigations carried out in 1966-7, par ticularly those on AIIIBV semiconductors, are not discussed in the present monograph, which represents the state of the knowledge in 1965. Nevertheless, the author hopes that, in spite of this, the book will be useful. An attempt is made, first, to review investigations of heavily doped semiconductors from a certain viewpoint and, sec ondly, to suggest some ideas (Chap. 5) which may be controversial but which are intended to stimulate further studies of heavily doped semiconductors which can be regarded as a special case of dis ordered systems. The work of American scientists investigating heavily doped semiconductors, in particular the efforts of E. O. Kane, J. 1. Pan kove, R. N. Hall, R. A. Logan, W. G. Spitzer, F. A. Trumbore, and many others, is well known to Soviet investigators. It gives me pleasure to learn that Western readers will now have an - v vi PREFACE portunity to become acquainted with the work done in the USSR.

Performance Cultures and Doped Bodies

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Author :
Publisher : Common Ground Research Networks
ISBN 13 : 1863352422
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (633 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance Cultures and Doped Bodies by : Jesper Andreasson

Download or read book Performance Cultures and Doped Bodies written by Jesper Andreasson and published by Common Ground Research Networks. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why has doping, both as a practice and a social phenomenon, been approached largely as a question of context: sport or fitness? Individuals may use substances to enhance sporting performance or within the framework of gym and fitness culture to create a perfect body. But clearly, people who dope are not bound to a singular context. It is quite the opposite, as individuals weave between and move across various settings in their trajectories to and from doping, as goals, identities, ambitions, and lifestyles change over time. Still, these stark categorizations often made in public discourse – and reinforced by scholars – have continued to ignore these lived experiences and limited our understanding of doping.  Building on data gathered through ethnographic fieldwork, studies of online doping communities, and in-depth case studies, this book embraces the challenge of moving beyond traditional and historical doping dichotomies – such as those of sport or fitness, online or offline, pleasure or harm, masculinity or femininity, and health or harm – and, in a sociologically informed analysis, it develops new terminology to understand trajectories to and from doping. It argues there are multiple ways to understand doped bodies and doping practices, and that we must approach these questions from the perspective of both/and rather than either/or. By imploding these divisions, it offers updated and nuanced ways of both empirically and theoretically rethinking doping use and experiences attached to the practice.

Doping in III-V Semiconductors

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Author :
Publisher : E. Fred Schubert
ISBN 13 : 0986382639
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (863 download)

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Book Synopsis Doping in III-V Semiconductors by : E. Fred Schubert

Download or read book Doping in III-V Semiconductors written by E. Fred Schubert and published by E. Fred Schubert. This book was released on 2015-08-18 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to describe thoroughly the many facets of doping in compound semiconductors. Equal emphasis is given to the fundamental materials physics and to the technological aspects of doping. The author describes various doping techniques, including doping during epitaxial growth, doping by implantation, and doping by diffusion. The key characteristics of all dopants that have been employed in III-V semiconductors are discussed. In addition, general characteristics of dopants are analyzed, including the electrical activity, saturation, amphotericity, autocompensation, and maximum attainable dopant concentration. Redistribution effects are important in semiconductor microstructures. Linear and non-linear diffusion, different microscopic diffusion mechanisms, surface segregation, surface drift, surface migration, impurity-induced disordering, and the respective physical driving mechanisms are illustrated. Topics related to basic impurity theory include the hydrogenic model for shallow impurities, linear screening, density of states, classical and quantum statistics, the law of mass action, as well as many analytic approximations for the Fermi-Dirac integral for three-, two- and one dimensional systems. The timely topic of highly doped semiconductors, including band tails, impurity bands, bandgap renormalization, the Mott transition, and the Burstein-Moss shift, is discussed as well. Doping is essential in many semiconductor heterostructures including high-mobility selectively doped heterostructures, quantum well and quantum barrier structures, doping superlattice structures and d-doping structures. Technologically important deep levels are summarized, including Fe, Cr, and the DX-center, the EL2 defect, and rare-earth impurities. The properties of deep levels are presented phenomenologically, including emission, capture, Shockley-Read recombination, the Poole-Frenkel effect, lattice relaxation, and other effects. The final chapter is dedicated to the experimental characterization of impurities. This book will be of interest to graduate students, researchers and development engineers in the fields of electrical engineering, materials science, physics, and chemistry working on semiconductors. The book may also be used as a text for graduate courses in electrical engineering and materials science.

Doping in Conjugated Polymers

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Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118816617
Total Pages : 176 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (188 download)

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Book Synopsis Doping in Conjugated Polymers by : Pradip Kar

Download or read book Doping in Conjugated Polymers written by Pradip Kar and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An A-to-Z of doping including its definition, its importance, methods of measurement, advantages and disadvantages, properties and characteristics—and role in conjugated polymers The versatility of polymer materials is expanding because of the introduction of electro-active behavior into the characteristics of some of them. The most exciting development in this area is related to the discovery of intrinsically conductive polymers or conjugated polymers, which include such examples as polyacetylene, polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene as well as their derivatives. "Synmet" or "synthetic metal" conjugated polymers, with their metallic characteristics, including conductivity, are of special interest to researchers. An area of limitless potential and application, conjugated polymers have sparked enormous interest, beginning in 2000 when the Nobel Prize for the discovery and development of electrically conducting conjugated polymers was awarded to three scientists: Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid, and Hideki Shirakawa. Conjugated polymers have a combination of properties—both metallic (conductivity) and polymeric; doping gives the conjugated polymer's semiconducting a wide range of conductivity, from insulating to low conducting. The doping process is a tested effective method for producing conducting polymers as semiconducting material, providing a substitute for inorganic semiconductors. Doping in Conjugated Polymers is the first book dedicated to the subject and offers a comprehensive A-to-Z overview. It details doping interaction, dopant types, doping techniques, and the influence of the dopant on applications. It explains how the performance of doped conjugated polymers is greatly influenced by the nature of the dopants and their level of distribution within the polymer, and shows how the electrochemical, mechanical, and optical properties of the doped conjugated polymers can be tailored by controlling the size and mobility of the dopants counter ions. The book also examines doping at the nanoscale, in particular, with carbon nanotubes. Readership The book will interest a broad range of researchers including chemists, electrochemists, biochemists, experimental and theoretical physicists, electronic and electrical engineers, polymer and materials scientists. It can also be used in both graduate and upper-level undergraduate courses on conjugated polymers and polymer technology.

Doping and Density of States Engineering for Organic Thermoelectrics

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Author :
Publisher : Linköping University Electronic Press
ISBN 13 : 917685311X
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (768 download)

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Book Synopsis Doping and Density of States Engineering for Organic Thermoelectrics by : Guangzheng Zuo

Download or read book Doping and Density of States Engineering for Organic Thermoelectrics written by Guangzheng Zuo and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-14 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermoelectric materials can turn temperature differences directly into electricity. To use this to harvest e.g. waste heat with an efficiency that approaches the Carnot efficiency requires a figure of merit ZT larger than 1. Compared with their inorganic counterparts, organic thermoelectrics (OTE) have numerous advantages, such as low cost, large-area compatibility, flexibility, material abundance and an inherently low thermal conductivity. Therefore, organic thermoelectrics are considered by many to be a promising candidate material system to be used in lower cost and higher efficiency thermoelectric energy conversion, despite record ZT values for OTE currently lying around 0.25. A complete organic thermoelectric generator (TEG) normally needs both p-type and n-type materials to form its electric circuit. Molecular doping is an effective way to achieve p- and ntype materials using different dopants, and it is necessary to fundamentally understand the doping mechanism. We developed a simple yet quantitative analytical model and compare it with numerical kinetic Monte Carlo simulations to reveal the nature of the doping effect. The results show the formation of a deep tail in the Gaussian density of states (DOS) resulting from the Coulomb potentials of ionized dopants. It is this deep trap tail that negatively influences the charge carrier mobility with increasing doping concentration. The trends in mobilities and conductivities observed from experiments are in good agreement with the modeling results, for a large range of materials and doping concentrations. Having a high power factor PF is necessary for efficient TEG. We demonstrate that the doping method can heavily impact the thermoelectric properties of OTE. In comparison to conventional bulk doping, sequential doping can achieve higher conductivity by preserving the morphology, such that the power factor can improve over 100 times. To achieve TEG with high output power, not only a high PF is needed, but also having a significant active layer thickness is very important. We demonstrate a simple way to fabricate multi-layer devices by sequential doping without significantly sacrificing PF. In addition to the application discussed above, harvesting large amounts of heat at maximum efficiency, organic thermoelectrics may also find use in low-power applications like autonomous sensors where voltage is more important than power. A large output voltage requires a high Seebeck coefficient. We demonstrate that density of states (DOS) engineering is an effective tool to increase the Seebeck coefficient by tailoring the positions of the Fermi energy and the transport energy in n- and p-type doped blends of conjugated polymers and small molecules. In general, morphology heavily impacts the performance of organic electronic devices based on mixtures of two (or more) materials, and organic thermoelectrics are no exception. We experimentally find that the charge and energy transport is distinctly different in well-mixed and phase separated morphologies, which we interpreted in terms of a variable range hopping model. The experimentally observed trends in conductivity and Seebeck coefficient are reproduced by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations in which the morphology is accounted for.

Neutron Transmutation Doping of Semiconductor Materials

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Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461326958
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (613 download)

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Book Synopsis Neutron Transmutation Doping of Semiconductor Materials by : Robert D. Larrabee

Download or read book Neutron Transmutation Doping of Semiconductor Materials written by Robert D. Larrabee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: viii The growing use of NTD silicon outside the U. S. A. motivated an interest in having the next NTD conference in Europe. Therefore, the Third International Conference on Neutron Transmutation-Doped Silicon was organized by Jens Guldberg and held in Copenhagen, Denmark on August 27-29, 1980. The papers presented at this conference reviewed the developments which occurred during the t'A'O years since the previous conference and included papers on irradiation technology, radiation-induced defects, characteriza tion of NTD silicon, and the use of NTD silicon for device appli cations. The proceedings of this conference were edited by Jens Guldberg and published by Plenum Press in 1981. Interest in, and commercial use of, NTD silicon continued to grow after the Third NTD Conference, and research into neutron trans mutation doping of nonsilicon semiconductors had begun to accel erate. The Fourth International Transmutation Doping Conference reported in this volume includes invited papers summarizing the present and anticipated future of NTD silicon, the processing and characterization of NTD silicon, and the use of NTD silicon in semiconductor power devices. In addition, four papers were pre sented on NTD of nonsilicon semiconductors, five papers on irra diation technology, three papers on practical utilization of NTD silicon, four papers on the characterization of NTD silicon, and five papers on neutron damage and annealing. These papers indi cate that irradiation technology for NTD silicon and its use by the power-device industry are approaching maturity.

Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials

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Author :
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081029365
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials by : Sanjay J. Dhoble

Download or read book Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials written by Sanjay J. Dhoble and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy of Lanthanide Doped Oxide Materials provides a comprehensive overview on the most essential characterization techniques of these materials, along with their key applications. The book describes the application of optical spectroscopy of lanthanides doped inorganic phosphor hosts and gives information about their structure and morphology, binding energies, energy of transition and band gap. Also discussed are the properties and applications of rare earth doped inorganic materials and the barriers and potential solutions to enable the commercial realization of phosphors in important applications. The book reviews key information for those entering the field of phosphor research, along with the fundamental knowledge of the properties of transition series elements under UV/Visible/NIR light exposer. Low-cost materials methods to synthesize the materials and spectroscopic characterization methods are also detailed. Reviews the barriers and potential solutions to enable commercial realization of inorganic phosphors Discusses low-cost material methods to synthesize and characterize lanthanide doped oxide materials Provides readers with a comprehensive overview on key properties for the most relevant applications, such as lighting and display, energy conversion and solar cell devices

Impurity Doping Processes in Silicon

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Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 008098357X
Total Pages : 652 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Impurity Doping Processes in Silicon by : F.F.Y. Wang

Download or read book Impurity Doping Processes in Silicon written by F.F.Y. Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces to non-experts several important processes of impurity doping in silicon and goes on to discuss the methods of determination of the concentration of dopants in silicon. The conventional method used is the discussion process, but, since it has been sufficiently covered in many texts, this work describes the double-diffusion method.

Tuning Ag+ and Mn2+ doping in ZnS:Ag,Mn embedded polymers for flexible white light emitting films

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Author :
Publisher : OAE Publishing Inc.
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 14 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Tuning Ag+ and Mn2+ doping in ZnS:Ag,Mn embedded polymers for flexible white light emitting films by : Lun Ma

Download or read book Tuning Ag+ and Mn2+ doping in ZnS:Ag,Mn embedded polymers for flexible white light emitting films written by Lun Ma and published by OAE Publishing Inc.. This book was released on 2024-01-04 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flexible Light Emitting Diodes are versatile lighting solutions that offer bendable and adaptable illumination possibilities. A soft, flexible white luminescent film (1 mm) shows promise for foldable electroluminescent devices and applications. This film was fabricated using ZnS:Ag and Mn. Under different excitation wavelengths, the phosphors emit blue light due to Ag+ luminescence centers and red light from the d-d transition of Mn2+. The blue emission is greatly suppressed at high Mn2+ doping levels, requiring reduced Ag+ doping in co-doped ZnS:Ag,Mn compared to solo-doped ZnS:Ag samples. By adjusting Ag+ and Mn2+ concentrations, the ZnS:Ag(1%),Mn(0.2%) phosphors show a proper intensity ratio of blue and red emissions, making them a promising candidate for future white light applications.

Fitness Doping

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Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030221059
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

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Book Synopsis Fitness Doping by : Jesper Andreasson

Download or read book Fitness Doping written by Jesper Andreasson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book compiles several years of multi-faceted qualitative research on fitness doping to provide a fresh insight into how the growing phenomenon intersects with issues of gender, body and health in contemporary society. Drawing on biographical interviews, as well as online and offline ethnography, Andreasson and Johansson analyse how, in the context of the global development of gym and fitness culture, particular doping trajectories are formulated, and users come into contact with doping. They also explore users’ internalisation of particular values, practices and communications and analyse how this influences understandings of the self, health, gender and the body, as well as tying this into wider beliefs regarding individual freedom and the law. This insight into doping goes beyond elite and organised sports, and will be of interest to students and scholars across the sociology of sport, leisure studies, and gender and body politics.

Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials

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Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1439855714
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials by : Zhe Chuan Feng

Download or read book Handbook of Zinc Oxide and Related Materials written by Zhe Chuan Feng and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2012-09-26 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through their application in energy-efficient and environmentally friendly devices, zinc oxide (ZnO) and related classes of wide gap semiconductors, including GaN and SiC, are revolutionizing numerous areas, from lighting, energy conversion, photovoltaics, and communications to biotechnology, imaging, and medicine. With an emphasis on engineering a

Rare-earth-doped Materials and Devices III

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Author :
Publisher : SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Rare-earth-doped Materials and Devices III by : Shibin Jiang

Download or read book Rare-earth-doped Materials and Devices III written by Shibin Jiang and published by SPIE-International Society for Optical Engineering. This book was released on 1999 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: