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Does Cross Listing In The United States Affect Earnings Quality To A Greater Extent Than Cross Listing In Alternative Countries
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Book Synopsis Does Cross-listing in the United States Affect Earnings Quality to a Greater Extent Than Cross-listing in Alternative Countries?. by : David Wyn Lewis
Download or read book Does Cross-listing in the United States Affect Earnings Quality to a Greater Extent Than Cross-listing in Alternative Countries?. written by David Wyn Lewis and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Firms' Choices to Cross-list Stocks on the U.S. and the U.K. Markets by : Jingwen Mu
Download or read book Firms' Choices to Cross-list Stocks on the U.S. and the U.K. Markets written by Jingwen Mu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis investigates some accounting issues that arise from firms' choices to cross-list stocks on the U.S. and the U.K. markets. Prior research shows that the benefits of cross-listing include a more liquid stock market, an increase in investor recognition, a decrease in the cost of capital, and a commitment to better corporate governance practices. However, the extent to which cross-listing can be used as an effective bonding mechanism is closely related to the choice of cross-listing destinations. Specifically, I hypothesise that differences in firm characteristics, accounting standards setting procedures, and the legal and regulatory environments between the U.S. and the U.K. markets lead to the expectation that firms cross-listed in the U.S. markets have better earnings quality than firms cross-listed in the U.K. In the context of this thesis, earnings quality refers to how precisely reported earnings convey a firm's true economic performance, and it is measured by models of accruals, earnings persistence and predictability, smoothness, and target beating. The results suggest the following. First, firms use accruals-based earnings management techniques to boost their earnings in the cross-listing year, but such evidence is only observed for firms cross-listed on the U.K markets. A further examination shows that, for the U.K. sample, the extent of earnings management is influenced by whether a firm raises new equity capital at cross-listing, while no such evidence is found for the U.S. sample. Second, the results provide mixed evidence that cross-listing firms have higher earnings quality than their home country counterparts that are not cross-listed. For firms cross-listed in the U.S., the differences in earnings quality are greater in the post-SOX period. Third, this thesis directly compares firms that choose between different cross-listing destinations and finds that firms cross-listed in the U.S. have higher earnings quality than firms cross-listed in the U.K. Fourth, home-country institutions are found to have a significant influence on cross-listing firms' reporting behaviour. The results are robust to controlling for innate factors known to affect the quality of earnings. Some interpretation issues arise when different measures of earnings quality are used, which shed light on future research directions.
Book Synopsis Why Do U.S. Cross-listings Matter? by : John Ammer
Download or read book Why Do U.S. Cross-listings Matter? written by John Ammer and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the underlying determinants of home bias using a comprehensive sample of U.S. investor holdings of foreign stocks. We document that U.S. cross-listings are economically important, as U.S. ownership in a foreign firm roughly doubles upon cross-listing in the United States. We explore the cross-sectional variation in this "cross-listing effect" and show that increases in U.S. investment are largest in firms from weak accounting backgrounds and in firms that are otherwise informationally opaque, indicating that U.S. investors value the improvements in disclosure associated with cross-listing. We confirm that relative equity valuations rise for cross-listed stocks, and provide evidence suggesting that valuation increases are due in part to increases in U.S. shareholder demand and in part to the fact that the equities become more attractive to non-U.S. shareholders.
Book Synopsis Discussion of the empirical evidence regarding the merit of companies cross-listing their shares on foreign equity markets by : Matthias Hilgert
Download or read book Discussion of the empirical evidence regarding the merit of companies cross-listing their shares on foreign equity markets written by Matthias Hilgert and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2005-05-02 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2005 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: very good (UK: grade A), University of Glasgow (Department of Accounting and Finance), course: International Financial Management, language: English, abstract: Some non-American companies benefit from a US-listing and others do not even cross-list in the US. Several empirical studies show that foreign companies, which are listed in the US, are worth more. However, less than one out of 10 large public non-American companies float their shares in the US (Doidge et al., 2004). Why is cross-listing beneficial to some companies and not to others? In 1997 more than 4,700 companies were internationally cross-listed. But, during the past several years this number decreased significantly by 50% to 2,300 (end of 2002) companies (Karolyi, 2004). Today more and more foreign companies acknowledge that they cannot cross-list in the US. Moreover, some companies admit that they are no longer even willing to cross-list, because of the high costs and strict requirements (Economist, 2005). Still, there must be a benefit for some to cross-list. A number of studies point out that the benefits regarding cross-listing include a lower cost of capital, access to foreign capital markets, an extended global shareholder base, greater liquidity in the trading of shares, publicity, visibility and prestige. On the other hand, these companies face costs, which might erode the benefits. Typical costs associated with a US-listing are the SECreporting, reconciliation of financial statements with home and foreign standards, direct listing costs, compliance requirements, exposure to legal liabilities, taxes and various trading frictions as well as investment banking fees (Karolyi, 2004 and Doidge et al., 2004). This essay aims to examine the empirical evidence regarding the merit of cross-listing shares on foreign equity markets, especially listing shares in the US. First, it critically reviews the conventional wisdom. Secondly, it examines the new approach of the cross-listing premium. Finally, it ends with a summary of this project and my own opinions.
Download or read book Look at Me Now written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We use a comprehensive 1997 survey to examine U.S. investors ̐preferences for foreign equities. We document a variety of firm characteristics that can influence U.S. investment, but the most important determinant is whether the stock is cross-listed on a U.S. exchange. Our selection bias-corrected estimates imply that firms that cross-list can increase their U.S. holdings by 8 to 11 percent of their market capitalization, roughly doubling the amount held without cross-listing. All else equal, we find that firms experience smaller increases in U.S. shareholdings upon cross-listing if they are Canadian, from English-speaking countries, are members of the MSCI World index, or had higher quality accounting standards prior to cross-listing. We argue that these findings suggest that improvements in information production explain U.S. investors ̐attraction to foreign stocks that cross-list in the United States"--Federal Reserve Board web site.
Book Synopsis U.S. Cross-Listings and the Private Benefits of Control by : Craig Doidge
Download or read book U.S. Cross-Listings and the Private Benefits of Control written by Craig Doidge and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-U.S. firms that cross-list on U.S. exchanges have voting premiums that are on average 43% lower than other non-U.S. firms that do not cross-list. Using a panel data set comprised of 745 firms that have dual class shares, this paper shows that the difference in voting premiums is statistically significant after controlling for firm and country level characteristics and that this result is robust to alternative benchmarks and methodologies. Further, it finds that the difference in voting premiums is larger for firms from countries that provide poor protection to minority investors. An event study shows that, on average, both the high and low voting share classes benefit when firms announce they will cross-list in the U.S. However, the low voting class benefits by a larger amount, which leads to the decrease in the voting premium. Overall, the evidence supports the bonding hypothesis: cross-listing in the U.S. improves the protection afforded to minority investors and decreases the private benefits of control.
Book Synopsis Do Cross-Border Listing Firms Manage Earnings Or Seize a Window of Opportunity by : Gordian A. Ndubizu
Download or read book Do Cross-Border Listing Firms Manage Earnings Or Seize a Window of Opportunity written by Gordian A. Ndubizu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Firms raising new equity capital at cross-listing (IPO) and those cross-listing existing home-country public shares (non-IPO) benefit from earnings that are high when they cross-list on U.S. stock exchanges. IPO firms have greater benefits than non-IPO firms because they receive cash infusion at listing. I find that performance (ROA) and cash flows peak at cross-listing period for all cross-border firms. Using a matched-firm research design to control for industry and performance, the results suggest that both IPO and non-IPO firms time cross-listing when performance is peaking (seize a window of opportunity). Further tests investigate whether IPO or non-IPO firms differ in their incentives to engage in earnings management at the time of cross-listing. The results suggest that both appear to engage in the same level of earnings management at the time of cross-listing. This suggests that incentives to boost earnings to obtain higher cash infusion are not the main motivation for the earnings management observed. Other incentives, such as greater investor recognition could be a stronger motivation.
Book Synopsis Where is the Market? Evidence from Cross-Listings in the United States by : Michael Halling
Download or read book Where is the Market? Evidence from Cross-Listings in the United States written by Michael Halling and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We analyze the location of stock trading for firms with a US cross-listing. The fraction of trading that occurs in the United States tends to be larger for companies from countries that are geographically close to the United States and feature low financial development and poor insider trading protection. For companies based in developed countries, trading volume in the United States is larger if the company is small, volatile, and technology-oriented, while this does not apply to emerging country firms. The domestic turnover rate increases in the cross-listing year and remains higher for firms based in developed markets, but not for emerging market firms. Domestic trading volume actually declines for companies from countries with poor enforcement of insider trading regulation.
Book Synopsis Protection of Minority Shareholder Interests, Cross-listings in the United States, and Subsequent Equity Offerings by : William A. Reese
Download or read book Protection of Minority Shareholder Interests, Cross-listings in the United States, and Subsequent Equity Offerings written by William A. Reese and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines the hypothesis that non-U.S. firms cross-list in the United States to increase protection of their minority shareholders. Cross-listing on an organized exchange (NYSE or Nasdaq) in the U.S. subjects a non-U.S. firm to a number of provisions of U.S. securities law and requires the firm to conform to U.S. GAAP. It therefore increases the expected cost to managers of extracting private benefits, and commits the firm to protecting minority shareholders' interests. The expected relation between the quantity of cross-listings and shareholder protection in the home country is ambiguous, because managers will consider both expected private benefits and the public value of their shares. However, there are clear predictions about the relation between subsequent equity issues, shareholder protection and cross-listings: 1) Equity issues increase following all cross-listings, regardless of shareholder protection. 2) The increase should be larger for cross-listings from countries with weak protection. 3) Equity issues following cross-listings in the U.S. will tend to be in the U.S. for firms from countries with strong protection and outside the U.S. for firms from countries with weak protection. We find strong evidence supporting predictions 1) and 3), and weak evidence consistent with hypothesis 2). Overall, the desire to protect shareholder rights appears to be one reason why some non-U.S. firms cross-list in the United States. However, it probably is not an important determinant of the large recent increase in cross-listings, because legal requirements potentially deter a number of firms that do have a demand for equity capital from cross-listing in the U.S.
Book Synopsis Does Cross-Listing in the US Improve Investment Efficiency? Evidence from UK Firms by : Abed Al-Nasser Abdallah
Download or read book Does Cross-Listing in the US Improve Investment Efficiency? Evidence from UK Firms written by Abed Al-Nasser Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine whether managers of cross-listed firms improve corporate investment efficiency through learning from the stock market upon cross-listing. Using a sample of UK firms cross-listed on US regulated and unregulated stock markets, we find that cross-listed firms on unregulated markets invest more efficiently than non-cross-listed firms following cross-listing. Moreover, we find that cross-listed firms improve their investment efficiency post cross-listing. Furthermore, we find firms with low level of private information embedded in their stock prices, and firms with higher board independence improve their investment post cross-listing. Our findings suggest that managers of cross-listed firms are guided by firm-specific characteristic more than by stock market signals when they embark on new investment projects. We also find evidence that cross-listed firms on regulated exchanges perform poorly after cross-listing, whereas those cross-listed on unregulated exchange experience high performance post cross-listing.
Book Synopsis Does the Choice of Listing Level Matter? Evidence from Foreign Firms Cross-listing in the United States by : Hicham Hadni
Download or read book Does the Choice of Listing Level Matter? Evidence from Foreign Firms Cross-listing in the United States written by Hicham Hadni and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study makes an important contribution to the economic and finance literature on value analysis of foreign firms cross-listing in the United States. Doidge, Karolyi and Stulz (2003) show that, at the end of 1997, foreign firms with shares cross-listed in U.S. financial markets had Tobin's q ratios significantly higher than those of firms from the same country that were not listed in the United States. I consider in a detailed value analysis the three main levels of American Depositary Receipt (ADR) listings and analyze the impact of upgrading the listing level on firms' values. I extend the work of Doidge, Karolyi and Stulz (2003) to control for listing levels as well as additional country and firm characteristics. I find significant evidence that cross-listing firms experience (i) an average increase in value of 26 percent when they upgrade their listing level from level I to level II, and (ii) an average increase in value of 38 percent when they upgrade their listing level from level II and level III.
Book Synopsis Does Cross Listing Lead to Higher Firm Growth by : Inder K. Khurana
Download or read book Does Cross Listing Lead to Higher Firm Growth written by Inder K. Khurana and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extant research posits that cross-listing improves firms' access to lower cost external financing. But so far, there is scarce evidence that improved access to external funds through cross-listing contributes to higher firm growth. Documenting the relation between firm growth and cross-listing is critical because the presumption in prior research is that funds raised via cross-listing will be channeled towards potentially profitable projects. Using a sample of firms from 37 countries that are cross-listed in the U.S., we find a positive association between cross-listing and subsequent externally-financed firm growth rates. However, we do not find that increases in externally-financed firm growth after cross-listing vary systematically as a function of the home-country attributes of the cross-listed firms. Overall, our results provide new and direct evidence on the impact of cross-listing on firm growth rates.
Book Synopsis Visibility Effects of Equity Cross-Listings by : Otto Randl
Download or read book Visibility Effects of Equity Cross-Listings written by Otto Randl and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper quantifies the visibility gained by companies cross-listing on foreign exchanges. Using an extensive data set on international equity cross-listings from 1986 to 1997 and analyst forecasts up to 1999, I analyze whether after cross-listings an increased number of brokerage firms follow a corporation's stock. I also explore changes in forecast precision and the degree of homogeneity within analyst forecasts subsequent to cross-listings. I find that cross-listing is generally a successful strategy if a firm wishes to increase visibility, as measrued by an increasing number of brokers following a firm and a higher total number of estimates. However, the higher number of analysts following a firm does not generally imply that the consensus forecast for firms with a cross-listing in the U.S. are significantly more precise than those for coparable firms without such a listing. This result could be due to the more stringent disclosure requirements in the U.S. compared to most European exchanges.
Book Synopsis Three Essays on the Effects of the Exchange Act Rule 12h-6 on Cross-listings of Foreign Firms in the U.S. Market by : Pratanphorn Piriyakul-Frye
Download or read book Three Essays on the Effects of the Exchange Act Rule 12h-6 on Cross-listings of Foreign Firms in the U.S. Market written by Pratanphorn Piriyakul-Frye and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2007 Exchange Act Rule 12h-6 relaxes the deregistration requirements for the U.S.-listed foreign firms to leave the U.S. market, opening an opportunity to examine the benefit and costs of listing in the U.S market for foreign firms. Using a sample of all U.S.-exchange cross-listing events during 1998-2012, the results document that the U.S. exchanges are more likely to attract a larger pool of foreign listing activities in the post-Rule 12h-6 period. This increased attractiveness of the U.S market, however, is worrisome as the post-Rule 12h-6 listings appear to be more pronounced among firms from countries with weaker investor protection. Likewise, the critical evidence, including a substantial decline in valuation premiums of U.S. cross-listing, and a significant increase in valuation gap between the U.S. domestic and the U.S.-listing foreign firms, raises more concern about the adverse impact of the new rule. Overall, the results suggest that while the rule enhanced the attractiveness of the U.S. market, its unintended consequences such as the weakening disclosure requirements and protection system can provoke a moral hazard issue in the U.S. cross-listing and ultimately may imperil the supremacy of the U.S. capital market.
Book Synopsis Cross-Listing in Us Markets and Conservatism by : Martien Jan Peter Lubberink
Download or read book Cross-Listing in Us Markets and Conservatism written by Martien Jan Peter Lubberink and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines conditional accounting conservatism (Basu, 1997) of international firms cross-listed on United States stock exchanges. We compare the conservatism of firms that cross-list choosing a US ADR programme offering the possibility to raise equity capital (ADR Level III) to similar firms that choose to not raise capital in US markets (ADR Level II). Our results show that the firms that have the option to raise capital display a higher level of conservatism than the firms that do not have that option. The difference in conservatism is more pronounced for firms from Common Law countries than for Code Law countries. This evidence suggests that firms intending to issue equity capital in order to finance future growth possibilities will provide credible and verifiable earnings information to investors. This puts into question the suggestion of Ball et al. (2005) that the demand for conservative accounting predominantly originates from debt markets.
Book Synopsis Alternative Methods of Convergence Toward U.S. Market and Legal Regulations by : Dobrina Georgieva
Download or read book Alternative Methods of Convergence Toward U.S. Market and Legal Regulations written by Dobrina Georgieva and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-U.S. firms have two options to converge toward U.S. capital market and legal regulations - to cross-list in the U.S. or to agree to be acquired by a U.S. bidder. We show that companies that have lower growth opportunities, are more capital intensive, and seek bonding benefits through compliance with U.S. exchange (rather than OTC market) requirements are more likely to be acquired, and that firms from civil law countries tend to cross-list. We document that the adoption of Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) led to an increase in the propensity to be acquired for firms from civil law countries, and to a greater rate of cross-listings for capital intensive firms from common law countries and for firms from countries with strong protection of investor rights. We also show that Market-to-Book values of non-U.S. firms following cross-listing in the U.S. tend to be lower when these firms were expected to be acquired. Similarly, both non-U.S. targets and U.S. bidders experience lower abnormal returns in acquisitions involving targets expected to cross-list. Our results imply the existence of optimal convergence choices of non-U.S. firms. In addition, the adoption of SOX appears to have changed some determinants of these choices due to shift in benefits and costs of compliance with U.S. regulations.
Book Synopsis Do Regulations Matter? The Effects of Cross-Listing on Analysts' Coverage and Forecast Errors by : Abed Al-Nasser Abdallah
Download or read book Do Regulations Matter? The Effects of Cross-Listing on Analysts' Coverage and Forecast Errors written by Abed Al-Nasser Abdallah and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to compare foreign listings on regulated and unregulated exchanges, and civil and common-law companies to test the effects of cross-listing (CL) on the firm's number of analysts and the accuracy of their forecast. The empirical test employs both univariate and multivariate analyses and a sample of 584 cross-listed firms along with the number of analysts and analysts' forecast errors (FE). After controlling for the firm's size, risk, earnings surprise, and industry, the results show that analysts become more active around CL on the London Stock Exchange (LSE) and PORTAL compared to CL on AMEX, NASDAQ, NYSE and over the counter (OTC). On the contrary, no statistically significant decrease in the magnitude of analysts' FEs was reported, suggesting no increase in the quantity of analysts' information. The results hold for both civil and common-law countries. The evidence indicates that the choice between CL on regulated or unregulated exchanges in the USA has no impact, either on the decision of an analyst to follow the firm or on the quantity of information available about that firm. In addition, the evidence suggests that analysts are more inclined to follow firms that cross-list on the LSE than on the US regulated exchanges. Moreover, PORTAL, as an unregulated market, provides surprising evidence on the significant role of the US large institutional investors in attracting the highest number of analysts per firm compared to other regulated exchanges. This paper contributes to the existing literature on CL and information disclosure and has implications for academics, market regulators, professionals, and multinational firms.
