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Dnapls At Doe Sites
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Download or read book DNAPLs at DOE Sites written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Characterization, Monitoring, and Sensor Technology Integrated Program (CMST-IP) within the Office of Technology Development (OTD) has responsibility for identification, evaluation, and delivery of technologies needed for the work of the Department of Energy's Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management. This report addresses part of that responsibility by providing summary information on DNAPL site characterization. A dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) is a source of contamination that can persist in the subsurface for decades before dissipating completely into the vapor phase and groundwater. The DNAPL chemicals of particular concern to the DOE are chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl VOCS) such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), trichloroethylene (TCE), and perchloroethylene (PCE). These Cl VOCs were used in multiple ton quantities at DOE sites and were often released to the subsurface. The predicted fate of released Cl VOC liquid is downward movement through the soil under the force of gravity. As it moves, some of the Cl VOC liquid becomes trapped in the soil pores as residual saturation. The liquid also moves rapidly downward if small fractures are present. This migration continues until an impermeable or semi-permeable layer is encountered. Then lateral movement or spreading occurs. The downward and lateral migration in the subsurface leads to DNAPL pools, lenses, and residual saturation that can cause long-term contamination of groundwater at levels well above drinking water standards. Although Cl VOCs have been detected as dissolved components in the groundwater and as vapor in the soil gas at several DOE sites, direct evidence of their presence as DNAPL is sparse and no measurements of the amounts of DNAPL present within a given volume of subsurface have been made. Consequently, unresolved DNAPL issues exist at DOE sites.
Book Synopsis DNAPLs at DOE Sites: Background and Assessment of Chracterization Technologies by : Gregor A. Junk
Download or read book DNAPLs at DOE Sites: Background and Assessment of Chracterization Technologies written by Gregor A. Junk and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Introduction to Characterizing Sites Contaminated with DNAPLs by :
Download or read book An Introduction to Characterizing Sites Contaminated with DNAPLs written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Groundwater and Soil Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-10-21 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Book Synopsis Groundwater and Soil Cleanup by : National Research Council
Download or read book Groundwater and Soil Cleanup written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-11-21 with total page 301 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive, up-to-date review of technologies for cleaning up contaminants in groundwater and soil. It provides a special focus on three classes of contaminants that have proven very difficult to treat once released to the subsurface: metals, radionuclides, and dense nonaqueous-phase liquids such as chlorinated solvents. Groundwater and Soil Cleanup was commissioned by the Department of Energy (DOE) as part of its program to clean up contamination in the nuclear weapons production complex. In addition to a review of remediation technologies, the book describes new trends in regulation of contaminated sites and assesses DOE's program for developing new subsurface cleanup technologies.
Book Synopsis Physics of DNAPL Migration and Remediation in the Presence of Heterogeneities by :
Download or read book Physics of DNAPL Migration and Remediation in the Presence of Heterogeneities written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spilled solvents have created pervasive groundwater contamination problems across the DOE complex because of their ubiquitous use, their toxicity and persistence in the environment, combined with the difficulty of recovering them from the subsurface. Because organic solvents are more dense than water and immiscible with water, they are commonly referred to as DNAPLs (dense non-aqueous phase liquids). They migrate below the water table downward and laterally under the influence of gravity, capillary, and viscous forces. Variations in media texture that the DNAPLs encounter as they migrate can have a profound influence on the migration path. This interplay between textural heterogeneities and driving forces complicates the migration of the DNAPLs and therefore it is not straightforward to predict the locations in the aquifer at which the spilled DNAPLs may ultimately reside. Uncertainties in the region of solvent contamination translate into higher remediation costs as the remedial system must be designed in light of these uncertainties. In an effort to clean up spilled DNAPLs, several remediation approaches are currently under development. Chemically enhanced solubilization, alcohol displacement, in situ oxidation, and air sparging are among the most promising. Many of these techniques have already undergone preliminary field demonstrations. However, results from such field demonstrations cannot be extrapolated to predict remedial performance under the wide range of field conditions to be encountered at spill sites across the DOE complex. Indeed, these techniques have not yet had the opportunity to be sufficiently tested and quantitatively compared in well-controlled laboratory experiments under heterogeneous conditions indicative of what can be expected in the field. In addition, the numerical simulation techniques used to predict DNAPL migration and remediation treatments have yet to be adequately verified through comparison against laboratory experiments conducted in heterogeneous media.
Download or read book Acid Precipitation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1044 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :204 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Overview of the DOE's Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy
Download or read book Overview of the DOE's Environmental Restoration and Waste Management Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Energy and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :100 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Department of Energy's Nuclear Weapons Complex Cleanup Program by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources
Download or read book Department of Energy's Nuclear Weapons Complex Cleanup Program written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Research Needs in Subsurface Science by : National Research Council
Download or read book Research Needs in Subsurface Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-04-13 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Needs in Subsurface Science provides an overview of the subsurface contamination problems across the DOE complex and shows by examples from the six largest DOE sites (Hanford Site, Idaho Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Nevada Test Site, Oak Ridge Reservation, Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site, and Savannah River Site) how advances in scientific and engineering knowledge can improve the effectiveness of the cleanup effort. This report analyzes the current Environmental Management (EM) Science Program portfolio of subsurface research projects to assess the extent to which the program is focused on DOE's contamination problems. This analysis employs an organizing scheme that provides a direct linkage between basic research in the EM Science Program and applied technology development in DOE's Subsurface Contaminants Focus Area. Research Needs in Subsurface Science also reviews related research programs in other DOE offices and other federal agencies (see Chapter 4) to determine the extent to which they are focused on DOE's subsurface contamination problems. On the basis of these analyses, this report singles out the highly significant subsurface contamination knowledge gaps and research needs that the EM Science Program must address if the DOE cleanup program is to succeed.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Migration and Entrapment of DNAPLs in Physically and Chemically Heterogeneous Porous Media by :
Download or read book The Migration and Entrapment of DNAPLs in Physically and Chemically Heterogeneous Porous Media written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) are common subsurface contaminants at many Department of Energy (DOE) hazardous waste sites. The migration and entrapment of DNAPLs at these sites is greatly influenced by subsurface heterogeneity, both physical and chemical. Unfortunately, the physics of DNAPL flow in chemically heterogeneous systems is poorly understood and, hence, multiphase flow simulators typically assume that subsurface soils are completely water-wet (chemically homogeneous). The primary objective of this research is to improve our understanding of and ability to simulate the influence of subsurface chemical heterogeneities on DNAPL flow and entrapment in the saturated zone. Laboratory and numerical investigations are being conducted for a matrix of organic contaminants and porous media encompassing a range of wettability characteristics. Specific project objectives include: (1) quantification of system wettability and interfacial tensions; (2) determination of hydraulic property relations; (3) investigation of DNAPL infiltration behavior in two-dimensional systems; (4) modification of a continuum based multiphase flow simulator to account for coupled physical and chemical heterogeneity; and (5) exploration of the migration of DNAPLs and the development of innovative remediation schemes under heterogeneous conditions using this model.
Book Synopsis Engineered Natural Geosorbents for In Situ Immobilization of DNAPLs and Heavy Metals by : Walter J. Weber
Download or read book Engineered Natural Geosorbents for In Situ Immobilization of DNAPLs and Heavy Metals written by Walter J. Weber and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extensive subsurface contamination by dense non-aqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) organic solvents and heavy metals is common place at many DOE facilities. Poor performances and excessive costs have made traditional technologies and approaches less than satisfactory for remediation of such sites. It is increasingly apparent that marginal improvements in conventional methods and approaches will not suffice for clean up of many contaminated DOE sites. Innovative approaches using new and/or existing technologies in more efficient and cost-effective ways are thus urgently required.
Book Synopsis Waste Management Programmatic EIS for Managing Treatment, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Waste for Five Types of Waste: Low-level Radioactive, Low-level Mixed, Transuranic Radioactive, High-level Radioactive and Hazardous Waste by :
Download or read book Waste Management Programmatic EIS for Managing Treatment, Storage, and Disposal of Radioactive and Hazardous Waste for Five Types of Waste: Low-level Radioactive, Low-level Mixed, Transuranic Radioactive, High-level Radioactive and Hazardous Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 524 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Migration and Entrapment of DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Systems by :
Download or read book Migration and Entrapment of DNAPLs in Heterogeneous Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previously funded EMSP research efforts have been directed towards the quantification of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) migration and entrapment behavior in physically and chemically heterogeneous systems. This important research has demonstrated that chemical heterogeneities can have a significant influence on DNAPL fate and persistence. Previous work, however, has been limited to pure DNAPLs and well defined aqueous and solid surface chemistries. Subsurface chemical heterogeneities at many DOE sites are generally more complex as a result of the disposal of mixtures of wastes into heterogeneous subsurface environments. The research planned in this project seeks to build upon our previous research experience and expertise to explore the influence of waste and porous media composition on DNAPL migration and entrapment in the saturated zone. DNAPL mixtures and soils typical of those found across the DOE complex will be used in these studies. Many of the experimental procedures and protocols to be employed are based upon those developed under previous EMSP funding. This past work also provides the conceptual framework for characterizing and interpreting experimental results, mathematical model development, and inverse modeling protocols. Specific objectives of this research are identified below: (1) Relate measured interfacial properties for representative wastes and soils to parameters such as mineralogy, organic carbon content, pH, ionic strength, and DNAPL acid and base numbers. (2) Assess predictive procedures to estimate interfacial properties for DOE wastes and soils. (3) Deduce mechanisms of interfacial property alteration. (4) Quantify the influence of waste and porous medium composition on hydraulic properties and residual saturation. (5) Develop and assess constitutive hydraulic property and residual saturation models. (6) Explore the migration and entrapment behavior of model DNAPL wastes in spatially and temporally heterogeneous systems. (7) Develop and validate a multiphase flow model to simulate the migration and entrapment of model DNAPL wastes in heterogeneous systems. (8) Investigate the upscaling of findings from batch and soil column experiments to larger systems.
Book Synopsis Groundwater Remediation by : Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Groundwater Remediation written by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by one of the world's foremost authorities on the subject, this is the most comprehensive and in-depth treatment available to environmental engineers and scientists for the remediation of groundwater, one of the earth's most precious resources. Groundwater is one of the Earth's most precious resources. We use it for drinking, bathing, and many other purposes. Without clean water, humans would cease to exist. Unfortunately, because of ignorance or lack of caring, groundwater is often contaminated through industrialization, construction or any number of other ways. It is the job of the environmental engineer to remediate the contaminated groundwater and make what has been tainted safe again.Selecting the proper remediation strategy and process is the key to moving forward, and, once this process has been selected, it must be executed properly, taking into consideration the costs, the type of contaminants that are involved, time frames, and many other factors. This volume provides a broad overview of the current and most widely applied remedial strategies. Instead of discussing these strategies in a generic way, the volume is organized by focusing on major contaminants that are of prime focus to industry and municipal water suppliers. The specific technologies that are applicable to the chemical contaminants discussed in different chapters are presented, but then cross-referenced to other chemical classes or contaminants that are also candidates for the technologies. The reader will also find extensive cost guidance in this volume to assist in developing preliminary cost estimates for capital equipment and operations & maintenance costs, which should be useful in screening strategies. The eight chapters cover all of the major various types of contaminants and their industrial applications, providing a valuable context to each scenario of contamination. This is the most thorough and up-to-date volume available on this important subject, and it is a must-have for any environmental engineer or scientist working in groundwater remediation.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :140 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Review of the Department of Energy's Deployment of DOE-funded Environmental Cleanup Technologies by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations
Download or read book Review of the Department of Energy's Deployment of DOE-funded Environmental Cleanup Technologies written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Commerce. Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigations and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
