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Diving Behavior Predator Prey Dynamics And Management Efficacy Of Double Crested Cormorants In New York State
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Book Synopsis Diving Behavior, Predator-prey Dynamics, and Management Efficacy of Double-crested Cormorants in New York State by : Jeremy T. H. Coleman
Download or read book Diving Behavior, Predator-prey Dynamics, and Management Efficacy of Double-crested Cormorants in New York State written by Jeremy T. H. Coleman and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Double-Crested Cormorant by : Linda R. Wires
Download or read book The Double-Crested Cormorant written by Linda R. Wires and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores the roots of the human-cormorant conflict and assesses the federal policies that have been developed to manage the bird's population in the twenty-first century.
Book Synopsis Evaluating the Efficacy of Predator Management Concurrent with Changes in Prey Communities by : Robin Lynn DeBruyne
Download or read book Evaluating the Efficacy of Predator Management Concurrent with Changes in Prey Communities written by Robin Lynn DeBruyne and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus; hereafter cormorants) are piscivorous waterbirds considered top predators in aquatic systems. In order to accurately evaluate effects of cormorants on prey fish, several pieces of information which overlap in space and time are needed: (1) cormorant abundance and consumption in the study system; (2) cormorant diet composition; and (3) accurate information on prey abundance in the system. This research expands the knowledge of bird-fish interactions and predator-prey, dynamics and evaluates the effects of predator removal and changing prey communities. I examine patterns in cormorant consumption and how consumption was influenced by changing prey communities in two large lakes, Lake Champlain and Oneida Lake, New York. I also examine percid population dynamics in response to the removal of cormorants from Oneida Lake. Cormorants were found to significantly affect walleye (Sander vitreus) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) subadult survival in Oneida Lake and were subsequently managed on the lake. This research evaluates the efficacy of cormorant management on Oneida Lake by utilizing the long-term data set available for cormorants and the fish community. I document spatial and temporal variation in cormorant diets in Lake Champlain and Oneida Lake associated with changes in prey fish communities, specifically alewife (Alosa psuedoharengus) establishment in Lake Champlain and gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum) resurgence in Oneida Lake. Also, cormorants were found to select for and switch to emerald shiner (Notropis atherinoides) and gizzard shad when present in Oneida Lake. Gizzard shad were found to buffer yellow perch from cormorant consumption. Cormorant management resulted in decreased percid subadult; however, it should be noted that the prey fish community and cormorant diets shifted at this time as well. Only the walleye adult population reached the expected abundance. Yellow perch failed to reach predicted adult abundance, likely due to low age-1 abundances, possibly a result of walleye, largemouth bass, and smallmouth bass predation on age-0 and age-1 yellow perch. Cormorant management implemented to protect sportfishes should include fish abundance and cormorant diet monitoring to influence management actions and adapt them if impacts to sportfish change.
Book Synopsis Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference by :
Download or read book Proceedings - Vertebrate Pest Conference written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Double-Crested Cormorant by : Dennis Wild
Download or read book The Double-Crested Cormorant written by Dennis Wild and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2012-02-08 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the story of the survival, recovery, astonishing success, and controversial status of the double-crested cormorant. After surviving near extinction driven by DDT and other contaminants from the 1940s through the early 1970s, the cormorant has made an unprecedented comeback from mere dozens to a population in the millions, bringing the bird again into direct conflict with humans. Hated for its colonial nesting behavior; the changes it brings to landscapes; and especially its competition with commercial and sports fishers, fisheries, and fish farmers throughout the Great Lakes and Mississippi Delta regions, the cormorant continues to be persecuted by various means, including the shotgun. In The Double-Crested Cormorant, Dennis Wild brings together the biological, social, legal, and international aspects of the cormorant's world to give a complete and balanced view of one of the Great Lakes' and perhaps North America's most misunderstood species. In addition to taking a detailed look at the complex natural history of the cormorant, the book explores the implications of congressional acts and international treaties, the workings and philosophies of state and federal wildlife agencies, the unrelenting efforts of aquaculture and fishing interests to "cull" cormorant numbers to "acceptable" levels, and the reactions and visions of conservation groups. Wild examines both popular preconceptions about cormorants (what kinds of fish they eat and how much) and the effectiveness of ongoing efforts to control the cormorant population. Finally, the book delves into the question of climate and terrain changes, their consequences for cormorants, the new territories to which the birds must adapt, and the conflicts this species is likely to face going forward.
Book Synopsis A Science-based Initiative to Manage Double-crested Cormorant Damage to Southern Aquaculture by : James F. Glahn
Download or read book A Science-based Initiative to Manage Double-crested Cormorant Damage to Southern Aquaculture written by James F. Glahn and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diving Energetics and Fine Scale Foraging Behaviour of Avian Divers and Their Capacity to Buffer Environmental Change by : Manfred Enstipp
Download or read book Diving Energetics and Fine Scale Foraging Behaviour of Avian Divers and Their Capacity to Buffer Environmental Change written by Manfred Enstipp and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Avian divers are confronted with a number of physiological challenges when foraging in cold water, especially at depth. Diving is believed to be particularly costly in cormorants (Phalacrocoracidae) because of their poor insulation and less efficient foot-propulsion. I used open-circuit respirometry to study the energetic requirements of two Phalacrocorax species, the European shag (P. aristotelis) and the double-crested cormorant (P. auritus) when diving in a shallow (1 m) and deep (10 m) dive tank. I also investigated the modifying effects of water temperature and feeding status on dive costs. My results indicate that the energetic costs during shallow diving in European shags and double-crested cormorants are comparable to other foot-propelled divers. Metabolic rate was significantly increased when diving to greater depth and at lower water temperatures, while feeding before diving increased metabolic rate, albeit not significantly. The strong effects of depth and water temperature on cormorant diving metabolic rate are most likely a consequence of their partially wettable plumage and their reduced plumage air volume, which makes them prone to heat loss and, hence, increases thermoregulatory costs. The energetic requirements of animals have to be satisfied by intake of resources from the environment. Hence, the quest for food is a central aspect of animal behavior. Although the study of seabird foraging behaviour has greatly profited from recent technological developments, we still know little about predator-prey interactions on a fine scale. I used an underwater video array to investigate the prey-capture behaviour of double-crested cormorants foraging on live rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). I tested the effects of a variety of factors on the underwater foraging behaviour of cormorants and established a functional link between prey density and cormorant prey capture rate. Prey density and behaviour both significantly affected predator performance. At prey densities below 2-3 g fish m-3 birds increased their search time during a trial drastically, while prey-encounter rate was greatly decreased. When cormorants attacked shoaling rather than solitary trout, their capture success was significantly reduced, while pursuit duration was significantly increased. Seabird energetics and behaviour are typically studied on the individual or species level. However, if we want to understand how seabirds react to environmental changes, we have to consider entire communities. In the western North Sea, a large seabird assemblage critically depends on a single fish species, the lesser sandeel (Ammodytes marinus), which is also exploited by an industrial fishery. I developed an algorithm to test for the capacity of four seabird species during chick-rearing in Scotland to buffer a potential decline in sandeel abundance by increasing their foraging effort in various ways. My results show that under the conditions currently operating in this region shags and guillemots (Uria aalge) may have sufficient time and energy to allow them to increase their foraging effort considerably, while Kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) and gannets (Morus bassanus) appear more constrained by time and energy respectively. My study suggests that during chick-rearing gannets are working at the highest metabolic level of all species considered and hence, have the least physiological capacity to increase foraging effort. This indicates that gannets could potentially be very sensitive to a reduction in sandeel abundance. My thesis emphasises the importance of taking into account seabird energetics as well as fine scale behavioural requirements, when trying to develop management schemes for fisheries that will allow the coexistence of both seabirds and human fishery in a sustainable way.
Author :U. S. Department of the Interior Publisher :Createspace Independent Pub ISBN 13 :9781479148004 Total Pages :210 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (48 download)
Book Synopsis Double-Crested Cormorant Management in the United States: Final Environmental Impact Statement by : U. S. Department of the Interior
Download or read book Double-Crested Cormorant Management in the United States: Final Environmental Impact Statement written by U. S. Department of the Interior and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-17 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populations of Double-crested Cormorants have been increasing rapidly in many parts of the U.S. since the mid-1970s. This abundance has led to increased conflicts, both real and perceived, with various biological and socioeconomic resources, including recreational fisheries, other birds, vegetation, and hatchery and commercial aquaculture production. This document describes and evaluates six alternatives (including the proposed action) for the purposes of reducing conflicts associated with cormorants, enhancing the flexibility of natural resource agencies to deal with cormorant conflicts, and ensuring the long-term conservation of cormorant populations. There are four chapters that make up the critical components of an Environmental Impact Statement. Chapter 1, Purpose and Need, describes the purpose of and need for the action. Chapter 2, Alternatives, describes the six management alternatives that we considered: (1) Continue current cormorant management practices (No Action); (2) implement only nonlethal management techniques; (3) expand current cormorant damage management practices; (4) establish a new depredation order to address public resource conflicts (PROPOSED ACTION); (5) reduce regional cormorant populations; and (6) establish frameworks for a cormorant hunting season. Chapter 3, Affected Environment, introduces the reader to the environmental categories upon which the analysis of alternatives in chapter 4 is based: cormorant populations, fish, other birds, vegetation, Federally-listed Threatened and Endangered species, water quality and human health, economic impacts, fish hatcheries and environmental justice, property losses, and existence and aesthetic values. Chapter 4, Environmental Consequences, analyzes the predicted impacts of each alternative on the environmental categories outlined in chapter 3 and in comparison to the No Action alternative. The environmental analysis presented in Chapter 4 indicates that the PROPOSED ACTION: will cause the estimated take of less than160,000 DCCOs, which is not predicted to have a significant negative impact on regional or continental DCCO populations; will cause localized disturbances to other birds but these can be minimized by taking preventive measures, leading to the action having beneficial effects overall; will help reduce localized fishery and vegetation impacts; will not adversely affect any Federally-listed species; is likely to help reduce localized water quality impacts; will help reduce depredation of aquaculture and hatchery stock; is not likely to significantly benefit recreational fishing economies or commercial fishing; may indirectly reduce property damages; and will have variable effects on existence and aesthetic values, depending on perspective.
Book Synopsis Double-crested Cormorant Management by :
Download or read book Double-crested Cormorant Management written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax Auritus) and Brandt's Cormorants (P Penicillatus) Breeding at East Sand Island in the Columbia River Estuary by : Adam Peck-Richardson
Download or read book Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax Auritus) and Brandt's Cormorants (P Penicillatus) Breeding at East Sand Island in the Columbia River Estuary written by Adam Peck-Richardson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) and Brandt's cormorants (P. penicillatus) nest sympatrically in a large mixed-species colony on East Sand Island (ESI) in the Columbia River estuary. Ecological theory predicts that such morphologically similar species will partition prey resources when faced with resource limitations. During the summer of 2014, I investigated local movements, foraging dive behavior, and foraging habitat selection by breeding adults of both cormorant species using GPS tags with integrated temperature and depth data-loggers (GPS-TDlog, Earth & Ocean Technologies). The overall foraging areas and core foraging areas (defined as the 95% and 50% kernel density estimates of dive locations, respectively) of double-crested cormorants were much larger and covered a broader range of estuarine habitats than those of Brandt's cormorants. Only 26% and 27% of the overall and core foraging areas, respectively, for double-crested cormorants overlapped with those of Brandt's cormorants. Most of the overall and core foraging areas of Brandt's cormorants (59% and 89%, respectively) overlapped with those of double-crested cormorants, however. Within areas of overlap, Brandt's cormorants tended to dive deeper (median depth = 6.48 m) than double-crested cormorants (median depth = 2.67 m), and selected dive locations where the water was deeper. After accounting for local water depth, Brandt's cormorants utilized a deeper, more benthic portion of the water column than did double-crested cormorants. Our results indicate that species-specific patterns of foraging habitat utilization likely reflect past evolutionary divergence in foraging niche and evolved differences in behavioral and physiological adaptations, resulting in some partitioning of prey resources that would mitigate interspecific competition. Nevertheless, the substantial overlap in foraging habitat between the two cormorant species, particularly for Brandt's cormorants, suggests that superabundant prey resources allow these two large and productive cormorant colonies to coexist on a single island near the mouth of the Columbia River. Annual consumption of millions of out-migrating juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.), including smolts from populations listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, by double-crested cormorants nesting at ESI motivated natural resource managers to investigate potential management techniques to reduce cormorant predation by reducing the size of the breeding colony. To better understand potential dispersal of cormorants from the ESI colony due to management to reduce colony size, satellite transmitters were fitted on 83 double-crested cormorants captured on the ESI colony before egg-laying in 2013. Dispersal from ESI immediately following tagging was nearly ubiquitous, but temporary, and provided limited information on where cormorants might prospect for alternative nest sites if prevented from nesting on ESI. During this initial pre-nesting period, tagged cormorants were detected at colonies and roost sites as far from ESI as the Puget Sound region of coastal Washington; nevertheless, all but 4% of tagged cormorants returned to ESI within 2 weeks of being tagged. Following the subsequent breeding season, tagged cormorants staged at several nearby estuaries before migrating both north and south from ESI to overwinter in areas from British Columbia to northwestern Mexico; only 3% overwintered in the Columbia River estuary. Tracking data revealed substantial connectivity between the ESI colony and other colonies and regions within the range of the western North America population, suggesting the potential for widespread dispersal throughout the population's breeding range if nesting habitat on ESI was reduced or eliminated. Dispersal did not extend across the Cascade-Sierra Divide, however; greater connectivity existed with estuary locations throughout the range and particularly with more proximate estuaries that served as post-breeding staging areas. Surprisingly low regional and colony connectivity was observed with the Oregon Coast, despite numerous active and historical colonies in that region, as well as proximity to the colony at ESI. The strong philopatry to ESI that nearly all tagged cormorants exhibited, however, suggests that few alternative nesting opportunities are as attractive for prospecting double-crested cormorants as the ESI colony site.
Book Synopsis Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Proposed Management of Double-crested Cormorants in US Waters of the Eastern Basin of Lake Ontario, NY by : New York (State). Division of Fish and Wildlife
Download or read book Draft Environmental Impact Statement on Proposed Management of Double-crested Cormorants in US Waters of the Eastern Basin of Lake Ontario, NY written by New York (State). Division of Fish and Wildlife and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Framework for the Management of Double-crested Cormorant Depredation on Fish Resources in the Pacific Flyway by : Double-crested Cormorant Subcommittee
Download or read book A Framework for the Management of Double-crested Cormorant Depredation on Fish Resources in the Pacific Flyway written by Double-crested Cormorant Subcommittee and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Pacific Flyway encompasses lands and waters of Alaska, Canada, the contiguous U.S., and Mexico east of the Pacific Ocean and west of the continental divide, primarily. In Montana, the counties of Hill, Chouteau, Cascade, Meagher, and Park form the eastern edge of the Pacific Flyway. In New Mexico, the continental divide forms the boundary except at the Jicarilla Apache Indian Reservation. The Pacific Flyway includes four Double-crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus; herein DCCO) management units (Populations): 1) Alaska Population (P. a. cincinnatus), 2) the Western Population (P. a. albociliatus), 3) Mexico/Southern California Population (P. a. albociliatus), and 4) the portion of Montana within the Pacific Flyway east of the continental divide (subspecies designation is currently unknown). This plan encompasses all DCCOs breeding and wintering in the Pacific Flyway. The purpose of this plan is to provide agencies with information and guidance to facilitate management of DCCOs in the Pacific Flyway. The plan provides a framework for states to follow when addressing fish depredation issues involving DCCOs and is not intended to dictate management policies. Strategies are provided to aid in developing and coordinating research, monitoring, and management of DCCOs across the Pacific Flyway. The goal of this plan is to maintain DCCOs as a natural part of the waterbird biodiversity of the Pacific Flyway, while minimizing substantial negative ecological, economic, and social impacts of DCCOs."--From introduction.
Book Synopsis Final Environmental Impact Statement by : U S Department of Interior Fish and Wil
Download or read book Final Environmental Impact Statement written by U S Department of Interior Fish and Wil and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-02-14 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populations of Double-crested Cormorants have been increasing rapidly in many parts of the U.S. since the mid-1970s. This abundance has led to increased conflicts, both real and perceived, with various biological and socioeconomic resources, including recreational fisheries, other birds, vegetation, and hatchery and commercial aquaculture production. This document describes and evaluates six alternatives (including the proposed action) for the purposes of reducing conflicts associated with cormorants, enhancing the flexibility of natural resource agencies to deal with cormorant conflicts, and ensuring the long-term conservation of cormorant populations.
Book Synopsis The Double-crested Cormorant: Biology, Conservation and Management by : D.N. Nettleship
Download or read book The Double-crested Cormorant: Biology, Conservation and Management written by D.N. Nettleship and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Status of the Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Auritus) in North America by : Linda R. Wires
Download or read book Status of the Double-Crested Cormorant (Phalacrocorax Auritus) in North America written by Linda R. Wires and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-08-18 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the late-1970s, numbers of Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) (DCCO) have increased significantly in many regions of North America. A variety of problems, both real and perceived, have been associated with these increases, including impacts to aquaculture, sport and commercial fisheries, natural habitats, and other avian species. Concern is especially strong over impacts to sport and commercial fishes and aquaculture. Because of increasing public pressure on U.S. government agencies to reduce DCCO conflicts, the USFWS is preparing an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS), and in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Agriculture/Wildlife Services (USDA/WS) and state resource management agencies, will develop a national management plan for the DCCO. This assessment will be used to prepare the EIS and management plan. The DCCO breeding range in North America is divided into five geographic areas. Since at least 1980, numbers have clearly increased in three of the breeding areas: Canadian and U.S. interior, Northeast Atlantic Coast and Southern U.S. In these populations, much of the growth occurred between the late 1970s – early 1990s; from the early 1990s – 2000 growth rates have slowed or appeared to stabilize in many states and provinces. For the Pacific Coast and Alaskan breeding populations it was not possible to summarize trends overall because recent data for birds breeding in significant portions of these regions (e.g., Alaska, Mexico) are not available, or have not been collected in a coordinated and timely fashion for the populations as a whole. Along some parts of the Pacific Coast, breeding numbers declined in the 1990s (e.g., British Columbia, species is listed as Vulnerable and is being considered for Threatened status). In other areas significant increases occurred. Concurrently, numbers also increased on the wintering grounds, particularly in the Mississippi River Delta region, an area of high human-cormorant conflict over catfish resources. Many historical records from across the continent indicate that the species was or may have been more abundant and widespread than is currently presumed. While most of these early accounts are largely qualitative, many report huge numbers of cormorants, suggesting that recent population increases may represent recovery towards historical (presettlement) levels in certain regions. In some areas where the DCCO has been documented as a recent breeder, the species is actually re-colonizing after an absence of 50 – 300 years.There appear to be five major factors that led to dramatic increases in DCCOs in North America since about 1970. These include: 1. Ban on DDT (1972) and other pesticide reduction regulation. Prior to this time (but post WWII) widespread use of DDT occurred. Cormorants accumulated high levels of DDT through their food supply, which interfered with reproduction. Depressed populations began to increase after DDT was banned. 2. In 1972 the DCCO was added to the Migratory Bird Treaty Act protected bird list. Before 1972, federal legislation did not prevent killing or harassment of cormorants during their annual cycle. Some states also provided special protection for DCCOs around this time. 3. Human induced changes (e.g. accidental and intentional introduction of exotics; over fishing; changes in water quality) in aquatic communities in the breeding range. 4. Development of aquaculture (e.g. catfish farms) in the south (especially Mississippi Delta region) that provided a new food source. 5. Creation of additional breeding and foraging habitat (e.g. reservoirs; dredge spoil islands).
Book Synopsis The Double-crested Cormorant by : David N. Nettleship
Download or read book The Double-crested Cormorant written by David N. Nettleship and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Double-crested Cormorant Management in the United States by :
Download or read book Double-crested Cormorant Management in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
