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Discretion In Criminal Justice
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Book Synopsis Exercising Discretion by : Loraine Gelsthorpe
Download or read book Exercising Discretion written by Loraine Gelsthorpe and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The exercise of discretion in the criminal justice system and related agencies often plays a key part in decisions which are made, but definitions of discretion are not clear, and despite widespread recognition of its importance there is much controversy on its nature and legitimacy. This book seeks to explore the importance of discretion to an understanding of the nature of the 'making of justice' in theory and practice, taking as its starting point the wide discretionary powers wielded by many of the key players in the criminal justice and related systems. It focuses on the core elements and contexts of discretion, looking at the power, ability, authority and duties of individuals, officials and organisations to decide, select or interpret vague standards, requirements or statutory uncertainties.
Book Synopsis Discretion in Criminal Justice by : Lloyd E. Ohlin
Download or read book Discretion in Criminal Justice written by Lloyd E. Ohlin and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1993-08-10 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Michael R. Gottfredson Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :1475799543 Total Pages :318 pages Book Rating :4.4/5 (757 download)
Book Synopsis Decision Making in Criminal Justice by : Michael R. Gottfredson
Download or read book Decision Making in Criminal Justice written by Michael R. Gottfredson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of decisions in the criminal justice process provides a useful focus for the examination of many fundamental aspects of criminal jus tice. These decisions are not always highly visible. They are made, or dinarily, within wide areas of discretion. The aims of the decisions are not always clear, and, indeed, the principal objectives of these decisions are often the subject of much debate. Usually they are not guided by explicit decision policies. Often the participants are unable to verbalize the basis for the selection of decision alternatives. Adequate information for the decisions is usually unavailable. Rarely can the decisions be demonstrated to be rational. By a rationaldecision we mean "that decision among those possible for the decisionmaker which, in the light of the information available, maximizes the probability of the achievement of the purpose of the decisionmaker in that specific and particular case" (Wilkins, 1974a: 70; also 1969). This definition, which stems from statistical decision theory, points to three fundamental characteristics of decisions. First, it is as sumed that a choice of possible decisions (or, more precisely, of possible alternatives) is available. If only one choice is possible, there is no de cision problem, and the question of rationality does not arise. Usually, of course, there will be a choice, even if the alternative is to decide not to decide-a choice that, of course, often has profound consequences.
Book Synopsis The Invisible Justice System by : Burton Atkins
Download or read book The Invisible Justice System written by Burton Atkins and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Taming the System by : Samuel Walker
Download or read book Taming the System written by Samuel Walker and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1993 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traces the history of attempts since the 1950s to control the discretionary powers in the US criminal justice system. The author synthesizes the findings of a large body of literature for the benefit of practitioners and interested students of the criminal justice system.
Book Synopsis Checking the Courts by : Kirk A. Randazzo
Download or read book Checking the Courts written by Kirk A. Randazzo and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 2014-07-31 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines and measures the extent to which statutory language affects judicial behavior. How does the language of legislative statutes affect judicial behavior? Scholars of the judiciary have rarely studied this question despite statutes being, theoretically, the primary opportunity for legislatures to ensure that those individuals who interpret the law will follow their preferences. In Checking the Courts, Kirk A. Randazzo and Richard W. Waterman offer a model that integrates ideological and legal factors through an empirical measure of statutory discretion. The model is tested across multiple judicial institutions, at both the federal and state levels, and reveals that judges are influenced by the levels of discretion afforded in the legislative statutes. In those cases where lawmakers have clear policy preferences, legislation encourages judges to strictly interpret the plain meaning of the law. Conversely, if policy preferences are unclear, legislation leaves open the possibility that judges will make decisions based on their own ideological policy preferences. Checking the Courts thus provides us with a better understanding of the dynamic interplay between law and ideology.
Book Synopsis Crime, Justice and Discretion in England 1740-1820 by : Peter King
Download or read book Crime, Justice and Discretion in England 1740-1820 written by Peter King and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2000-09-28 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The criminal law has often been seen as central to the rule of the eighteenth-century landed élite in England. This book presents a detailed analysis of the judicial processs - of victims' reactions, pretrial practices, policing, magistrates hearings, trials, sentencing, pardoning and punishment - using property offenders as its main focus. The period 1740-1820 - the final era before the coming of the new police and the repeal of the capital code - emerges as the great age of discretionary justice, and the book explores the impact of the vast discretionary powers held by many social groups. It reassesses both the relationship between crime rates and the economic deprivation, and the many ways that vulnerability to prosecution varied widely across the lifecycle, in the light of the highly selective nature of pretrial negotiations. More centrally, by asking at every stage - who used the law, for what purposes, in whose interests and with what social effects - it opens up a number of new perspectives on the role of the law in eighteenth-century social relations. The law emerges as less the instrument of particular élite groups and more as an arena of struggle, of negotiation, and of compromise. Its rituals were less controllable and its merciful moments less manageable and less exclusively available to the gentry élite than has been previously suggested. Justice was vulnerable to power, but was also mobilised to constrain it. Despite the key functions that the propertied fulfilled, courtroom crowds, the counter-theatre of the condemned, and the decisions of the victims from a very wide range of backgrounds had a role to play, and the criteria on which decisions were based were shaped as much by the broad and more humane discourse which Fielding called the 'good mind' as by the instrumental needs of the propertied élites.
Book Synopsis A Dictionary of Law Enforcement by : Graham Gooch
Download or read book A Dictionary of Law Enforcement written by Graham Gooch and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2007-08-23 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only dictionary available focusing on UK law enforcement, this invaluable volume covers every aspect of criminal law including pathology, forensic medicine, commerce and trade, criminology, and psychology. Essential reference for trainee and practising police officers, and other professionals needing clear definitions of law enforcement terms.
Book Synopsis Handled with Discretion by : John Kleinig
Download or read book Handled with Discretion written by John Kleinig and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1996 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of essays examines the nature of police discretion and its many varieties. The essays explore the kinds of judgment calls police officers frequently must make : When should they get involved? Whom should they watch? What constitutes a disturbance of the peace? What resources should be devoted to a situation? Does social welfare take precedence over law enforcement? Under what conditions, if any, may police officers engage in selective enforcement of the law? Each essay or pair of essays is followed by a response, presenting contradictory or supplementary views.
Book Synopsis Discretionary Justice by : Howard Abadinsky
Download or read book Discretionary Justice written by Howard Abadinsky and published by Charles C. Thomas Publisher. This book was released on 1984 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Can They Do That? by : Melba Pearson
Download or read book Can They Do That? written by Melba Pearson and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book is for lawyer and nonlawyer alike-anyone who is interested in how the criminal justice system works. If you are reading this as a new prosecutor, you can see where others went wrong as well as what options are available to you. The most important goal of this book is for the voters to see the what the criminal justice system really looks like"--
Book Synopsis Exploring Criminal Justice: The Essentials by : Robert M. Regoli
Download or read book Exploring Criminal Justice: The Essentials written by Robert M. Regoli and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2009-09-29 with total page 451 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exploring Criminal Justice: The Essentials provides an extensive overview of the American criminal justice system in a concise and accessible format. This engaging text examines the people and processes that make up the system and how they interact. It also covers the historic context and modern features of the criminal justice system and encourages students to think about how current events in crime affect their everyday lives. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.
Book Synopsis Discretion, Discrimination and the Rule of Law by : Mrinal Satish
Download or read book Discretion, Discrimination and the Rule of Law written by Mrinal Satish and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ""Aims to analyse whether unwarranted disparity existed in rape sentencing in India, which anecdotal work of other scholars had pointed to"--Provided by publisher"--
Book Synopsis Predict and Surveil by : Sarah Brayne
Download or read book Predict and Surveil written by Sarah Brayne and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2020-10-22 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predict and Surveil offers an unprecedented, inside look at how police use big data and new surveillance technologies. Sarah Brayne conducted years of fieldwork with the LAPD--one of the largest and most technically advanced law enforcement agencies in the world-to reveal the unmet promises and very real perils of police use of data--driven surveillance and analytics.
Book Synopsis Criminal Justice: A Very Short Introduction by : Julian V. Roberts
Download or read book Criminal Justice: A Very Short Introduction written by Julian V. Roberts and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2015-08-27 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The criminal justice system is wide ranging; from the crimes themselves and policing to the sentencing of offenders and prisons. In this Very Short Introduction Julian V. Roberts draws upon the latest research and current practices from a number of different countries around the world. Focusing on the adversarial model of justice found in common law countries such as the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, he discusses topics such as the uses of imprisonment, the effects of capital punishment, and the purposes of sentencing. Considering the role of the victim throughout the criminal justice system, as well as public knowledge and attitudes towards criminal justice, Roberts critically assesses the way in which the system functions and its importance around the world. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.
Book Synopsis The Judge, Discretion, and the Criminal Trial by : Rosemary Pattenden
Download or read book The Judge, Discretion, and the Criminal Trial written by Rosemary Pattenden and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1982 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Conditions of Discretion by : Joel Handler
Download or read book The Conditions of Discretion written by Joel Handler and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 1986-08-20 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely book is concerned with interactions between ordinary people and large public bureaucracies—interactions that typically are characterized by mutual frustration and antagonism. In fact, as Joel Handler points out, the procedural guidelines intended to ensure fairness and due process fail to take account of an initial imbalance of power and tend to create adversarial rather than cooperative relationships. When the special education needs of a handicapped child must be determined, parents and school administrators often face an especially painful confrontation. The Conditions of Discretion focuses on one successful approach to educational decision making (developed by the school district of Madison, Wisconsin) in order to illustrate how such interactions can be restructured and enhanced. Madison's creative plan regards parents as part of the solution, not the problem, and uses "lay advocates" to turn conflict into an opportunity for communication. Arrangements such as these, in Handler's analysis, exemplify the theoretical conditions under which discretionary decisions can be made fairly and with the informed participation of all concerned. The Conditions of Discretion offers not only a detailed case study, sympathetically described, but also persuasive assessments of major themes in contemporary legal and social policy—informed consent, bureaucratic change, social movement activity, the relationship of the individual to the state. From these strands, Handler weaves a significant new theory of cooperative decision making that integrates the public and the private, recognizes the importance of values, and preserves autonomy within community. "A masterful blend of social criticism, social sciences, and humane, constructive thought about the future of the welfare state." —Duncan Kennedy, Harvard Law School
