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Direct Liquefaction Of Pretreated Low Rank Malaysian Coal
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Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Pretreated Low Rank Malaysian Coal by : Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Pretreated Low Rank Malaysian Coal written by Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-09 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coal liquefaction was usually carried out at temperature higher than 400°C and at relatively high pressure. Many attempts have been made to develop methods of dissolving coal at less severe conditions in order to increase coal liquefaction efficiency and also to reduce capital and operation cost. In this investigation, three different types of pretreatments i.e. solvent swelling, in-situ solvent soaking and heating, and microwave irradiation have successfully been applied to untreated low rank Malaysian coal prior to liquefaction. The main objective of the pretreatments is to further enhance coal conversion and oil yield at less severe liquefaction conditions and this was successfully achieved for all the applied pretreated coals. A good coal-to-solvent contact and weakened coal structure were found to be equally important factors in determining high coal conversion and oil yield obtained during liquefaction.
Book Synopsis Co-liquefaction of Low Rank Malaysian Coal and Palm Kernel Shell - by : Mohd Fauzi Abdullah
Download or read book Co-liquefaction of Low Rank Malaysian Coal and Palm Kernel Shell - written by Mohd Fauzi Abdullah and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Status of Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal by : V. I. Stenberg
Download or read book Status of Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal written by V. I. Stenberg and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Final Technical Report, July 13, 1994 - November 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Final Technical Report, July 13, 1994 - November 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis MALAYSIA Collection of Essays by : Firend Al. Rasch
Download or read book MALAYSIA Collection of Essays written by Firend Al. Rasch and published by IJBMR. This book was released on with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impressed with the economic performance of Malaysia, triggered an interest in examining how Malaysia (then under PM Mahathir) managed to pull out of the financial crisis of 1997, that gripped much of South East Asia. Years later, Malaysia managed to pull itself out of the financial crisis, and to be a rising Asian tiger. This early interest has turned into love and affection to a country with unique history, resources, and marvelous people. The deeper my research of Malaysia, the more my frustration grew with the lack of ability of a nation to move into a unique socio-economic position. That is, to equalize with Singapore, or compete at the global level with Korea. I chose 2020 to publish this body of work, because I was waiting to confirm my hypothesis that Malaysia will not manage to achieve Wawasan 2020 (vision 2020), which is to be amongst 1st world nations. Failing to achieve vision 2020 is no coincidence. Malaysia is stuck in the middle between cheap production countries such as Vietnam and Korea, and services-based economies such as Singapore. The first essay that follows the introduction is called The Phenomenon of Economic Inertia. The premise for this research paper is that Malaysia is suffering from a phenomenon of inertia, economically however, that it is incapable of pulling itself out of its current position like many developing nations) for number of reasons. With corruption being deeply rooted in the varying layers of society, and a leadership that failed to control corruption (as in the case of Singapore) and move the country into globally competitive position. This is what is meant by a “Phenomenon of Inertia” that is a conscious self-inflicted condition. The human factor in the hypothesis of “Phenomenon of Inertia” does comprise of society at large; people, leadership, and institutions. Managerial practices in Malaysia are still hierarchical and power based. Such hierarchy and power bases, are an evident participant in the inner-play of socio-economics of the Malaysian nation. The Malaysian current state of affairs (as of 2020) is self-inflicted condition. With the Malaysia education system being deeply flawed. This naturally led into the state of Malaysian lack of industrial competitiveness, which is not breaking through its global competitors. With so much to offer, Malaysia still has a great chance to make the leap forward to achieve its Wawasan to be realized in a later date, as long as it gets there. This will entirely depend on the will of the Malaysian people collectively.
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, October 1-December 31, 1994 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biofuels written by Krzysztof Biernat and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2015-09-30 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The edited volume presents the progress of first and second generation biofuel production technology in selected countries. Possibility of producing alternative fuels containing biocomponents and selected research methods of biofuels exploitation characteristics (also aviation fuels) was characterized. The book shows also some aspects of the environmental impact of the production and biofuels using, and describes perspectives of biofuel production technology development. It provides the review of biorefinery processes with a particular focus on pretreatment methods of selected primary and secondary raw materials. The discussion includes also a possibility of sustainable development of presented advanced biorefinery processes.
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, April 1, 1995-June 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995-September 30, 1995 by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, July 1, 1995-September 30, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1-March 31, 1995 by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coal. Quarterly Technical Progress Report, January 1-March 31, 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advanced Progress Concepts for Direct Coal Liquefaction by :
Download or read book Advanced Progress Concepts for Direct Coal Liquefaction written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the low cost of petroleum crude, direct coal liquefaction is still not an economically viable process. The DOE objectives are to further reduce the cost of coal liquefaction to a more competitive level. In this project the primary focus is on the use of low-rank coal feedstocks. A particular strength is the use of process-derived liquids rather than model compound solvents. The original concepts are illustrated in Figure 1, where they are shown on a schematic of the Wilsonville pilot plant operation. Wilsonville operating data have been used to define a base case scenario using run {number_sign}263J, and Wilsonville process materials have been used in experimental work. The CAER has investigated: low severity CO pretreatment of coal for oxygen rejection, increasing coal reactivity and mg inhibiting the propensity for regressive reactions; the application of more active. Low-cost Fe and Mo dispersed catalysts; and the possible use of fluid coking for solids rejection and to generate an overhead product for recycle. CONSOL has investigated: oil agglomeration for coal ash rejection, for the possible rejection of ash in the recycled resid, and for catalyst addition and recovery; and distillate dewaxing to remove naphthenes and paraffins, and to generate an improved quality feed for recycle distillate hydrogenation. At Sandia, research has been concerned with the production of active hydrogen donor distillate solvent fractions produced by the hydrogenation of dewaxed distillates and by fluid coking via low severity reaction with H2/CO/H2O mixtures using hydrous metal oxide and other catalysts.
Book Synopsis Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coals by :
Download or read book Direct Liquefaction of Low-rank Coals written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-processing of low-rank coals (LRCs) with petroleum resids under mild conditions may produce a product that extends petroleum refinery feeds with a partially coal-derived material. These co-processing products may also provide a lower-cost way to introduce coal-derived materials into the commercial market. In this staged process, the petroleum resid acts as a solvent, aiding in the solubilization of the coal during the first stage, and both the dissolved coal and the resid are upgraded during a second-stage catalytic hydrogenation. Another method of upgrading coal in a liquefaction process is the ChemCoal Process. The process uses chemical methods to transform coal into clean solid and liquid products. It features low-severity conversion of coal in a phenolic solvent, using an alkali promotor and carbon monoxide as the reductant. Oil agglomeration has been used to reduce the ash and mineral matter in bituminous coals to obtain a product with increased heating value, reduced moisture, and lower sulfur content. This method can be used to produce a clean coal feedstock for liquefaction. During agglomeration, an oil is used to preferentially wet the organic phases of the coal, and water is used to wet the minerals, resulting in a separation of ash and water from the coal. The primary objective of this project is to expand the scientific and engineering data base of LRC liquefaction by investigating direct liquefaction processes that will produce the most competitive feedstocks or liquid fuels. The work effort which was proposed for the second year of this cooperative agreement dealt primarily with co-processing and the ChemCoal Process.
Book Synopsis The Effect of Selective Coal Pretreatment Methods Upon Low Severity Coal Liquefaction and Coal/oil Co-processing by : David R. Kennar
Download or read book The Effect of Selective Coal Pretreatment Methods Upon Low Severity Coal Liquefaction and Coal/oil Co-processing written by David R. Kennar and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction by : Darrell Duayne Whitehurst
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by Darrell Duayne Whitehurst and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction by : United States. Office of Fossil Energy
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by United States. Office of Fossil Energy and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Coal Liquefaction by : United States. Division of Coal Conversion
Download or read book Coal Liquefaction written by United States. Division of Coal Conversion and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Importance of Pretreatment Strategies in Coal Liquefaction by : Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak
Download or read book The Importance of Pretreatment Strategies in Coal Liquefaction written by Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2010-08 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hydrogenation of coal known as coal liquefaction to produce liquid products has been investigated by so many researchers over the past 80 years. However, since 1970, nearly all investigations on coal liquefaction research were aimed at finding optimum conditions to obtain high coal conversion and maximum yield on oils, and also targeted towards developing economic processes. In this book, an overview of energy demand, brief development of coal conversion processes, research and development of coal liquefaction, the importance of pretreatment in coal liquefaction and certain advantages related to direct liquefaction are discussed.
