Digital Forensic Investigation Of Internet Of Things Iot Devices

Download Digital Forensic Investigation Of Internet Of Things Iot Devices full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Digital Forensic Investigation Of Internet Of Things Iot Devices ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices

Author : Reza Montasari
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783030604271
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices by : Reza Montasari

Download or read book Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices written by Reza Montasari and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-12-11 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a valuable reference for digital forensics practitioners and cyber security experts operating in various fields of law enforcement, incident response and commerce. It is also aimed at researchers seeking to obtain a more profound knowledge of Digital Forensics and Cybercrime. Furthermore, the book is an exceptional advanced text for PhD and Master degree programmes in Digital Forensics and Cyber Security. Each chapter of this book is written by an internationally-renowned expert who has extensive experience in law enforcement, industry and academia. The increasing popularity in the use of IoT devices for criminal activities means that there is a maturing discipline and industry around IoT forensics. As technology becomes cheaper and easier to deploy in an increased number of discrete, everyday objects, scope for the automated creation of personalised digital footprints becomes greater. Devices which are presently included within the Internet of Things (IoT) umbrella have a massive potential to enable and shape the way that humans interact and achieve objectives. These also forge a trail of data that can be used to triangulate and identify individuals and their actions. As such, interest and developments in autonomous vehicles, unmanned drones and ‘smart’ home appliances are creating unprecedented opportunities for the research communities to investigate the production and evaluation of evidence through the discipline of digital forensics.

Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices

Author : Reza Montasari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783030604264
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (42 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices by : Reza Montasari

Download or read book Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices written by Reza Montasari and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a valuable reference for digital forensics practitioners and cyber security experts operating in various fields of law enforcement, incident response and commerce. It is also aimed at researchers seeking to obtain a more profound knowledge of Digital Forensics and Cybercrime. Furthermore, the book is an exceptional advanced text for PhD and Master degree programmes in Digital Forensics and Cyber Security. Each chapter of this book is written by an internationally-renowned expert who has extensive experience in law enforcement, industry and academia. The increasing popularity in the use of IoT devices for criminal activities means that there is a maturing discipline and industry around IoT forensics. As technology becomes cheaper and easier to deploy in an increased number of discrete, everyday objects, scope for the automated creation of personalised digital footprints becomes greater. Devices which are presently included within the Internet of Things (IoT) umbrella have a massive potential to enable and shape the way that humans interact and achieve objectives. These also forge a trail of data that can be used to triangulate and identify individuals and their actions. As such, interest and developments in autonomous vehicles, unmanned drones and 'smart' home appliances are creating unprecedented opportunities for the research communities to investigate the production and evaluation of evidence through the discipline of digital forensics. .

Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices

Author : Reza Montasari
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303060425X
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices by : Reza Montasari

Download or read book Digital Forensic Investigation of Internet of Things (IoT) Devices written by Reza Montasari and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-09 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a valuable reference for digital forensics practitioners and cyber security experts operating in various fields of law enforcement, incident response and commerce. It is also aimed at researchers seeking to obtain a more profound knowledge of Digital Forensics and Cybercrime. Furthermore, the book is an exceptional advanced text for PhD and Master degree programmes in Digital Forensics and Cyber Security. Each chapter of this book is written by an internationally-renowned expert who has extensive experience in law enforcement, industry and academia. The increasing popularity in the use of IoT devices for criminal activities means that there is a maturing discipline and industry around IoT forensics. As technology becomes cheaper and easier to deploy in an increased number of discrete, everyday objects, scope for the automated creation of personalised digital footprints becomes greater. Devices which are presently included within the Internet of Things (IoT) umbrella have a massive potential to enable and shape the way that humans interact and achieve objectives. These also forge a trail of data that can be used to triangulate and identify individuals and their actions. As such, interest and developments in autonomous vehicles, unmanned drones and ‘smart’ home appliances are creating unprecedented opportunities for the research communities to investigate the production and evaluation of evidence through the discipline of digital forensics.

Digital Forensics and Internet of Things

Author : Anita Gehlot
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119768780
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Forensics and Internet of Things by : Anita Gehlot

Download or read book Digital Forensics and Internet of Things written by Anita Gehlot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-04-19 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIGITAL FORENSICS AND INTERNET OF THINGS It pays to be ahead of the criminal, and this book helps organizations and people to create a path to achieve this goal. The book discusses applications and challenges professionals encounter in the burgeoning field of IoT forensics. IoT forensics attempts to align its workflow to that of any forensics practice—investigators identify, interpret, preserve, analyze and present any relevant data. As with any investigation, a timeline is constructed, and, with the aid of smart devices providing data, investigators might be able to capture much more specific data points than in a traditional crime. However, collecting this data can often be a challenge, as it frequently doesn’t live on the device itself, but rather in the provider’s cloud platform. If you can get the data off the device, you’ll have to employ one of a variety of methods given the diverse nature of IoT devices hardware, software, and firmware. So, while robust and insightful data is available, acquiring it is no small undertaking. Digital Forensics and Internet of Things encompasses: State-of-the-art research and standards concerning IoT forensics and traditional digital forensics Compares and contrasts IoT forensic techniques with those of traditional digital forensics standards Identifies the driving factors of the slow maturation of IoT forensic standards and possible solutions Applies recommended standards gathered from IoT forensic literature in hands-on experiments to test their effectiveness across multiple IoT devices Provides educated recommendations on developing and establishing IoT forensic standards, research, and areas that merit further study. Audience Researchers and scientists in forensic sciences, computer sciences, electronics engineering, embedded systems, information technology.

1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology 2019 (ICASERT 2019)

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781728134451
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis 1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology 2019 (ICASERT 2019) by :

Download or read book 1st International Conference on Advances in Science, Engineering and Robotics Technology 2019 (ICASERT 2019) written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Security of Ubiquitous Computing Systems

Author : Gildas Avoine
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030105911
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Security of Ubiquitous Computing Systems by : Gildas Avoine

Download or read book Security of Ubiquitous Computing Systems written by Gildas Avoine and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chapters in this open access book arise out of the EU Cost Action project Cryptacus, the objective of which was to improve and adapt existent cryptanalysis methodologies and tools to the ubiquitous computing framework. The cryptanalysis implemented lies along four axes: cryptographic models, cryptanalysis of building blocks, hardware and software security engineering, and security assessment of real-world systems. The authors are top-class researchers in security and cryptography, and the contributions are of value to researchers and practitioners in these domains. This book is open access under a CC BY license.

Advances in Digital Forensics XIV

Author : Gilbert Peterson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319992775
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (199 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Digital Forensics XIV by : Gilbert Peterson

Download or read book Advances in Digital Forensics XIV written by Gilbert Peterson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSICS XIV Edited by: Gilbert Peterson and Sujeet Shenoi Digital forensics deals with the acquisition, preservation, examination, analysis and presentation of electronic evidence. Computer networks, cloud computing, smartphones, embedded devices and the Internet of Things have expanded the role of digital forensics beyond traditional computer crime investigations. Practically every crime now involves some aspect of digital evidence; digital forensics provides the techniques and tools to articulate this evidence in legal proceedings. Digital forensics also has myriad intelligence applications; furthermore, it has a vital role in information assurance - investigations of security breaches yield valuable information that can be used to design more secure and resilient systems. Advances in Digital Forensics XIV describes original research results and innovative applications in the discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations. The areas of coverage include: Themes and Issues; Forensic Techniques; Network Forensics; Cloud Forensics; and Mobile and Embedded Device Forensics. This book is the fourteenth volume in the annual series produced by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 11.9 on Digital Forensics, an international community of scientists, engineers and practitioners dedicated to advancing the state of the art of research and practice in digital forensics. The book contains a selection of nineteen edited papers from the Fourteenth Annual IFIP WG 11.9 International Conference on Digital Forensics, held in New Delhi, India in the winter of 2018. Advances in Digital Forensics XIV is an important resource for researchers, faculty members and graduate students, as well as for practitioners and individuals engaged in research and development efforts for the law enforcement and intelligence communities. Gilbert Peterson, Chair, IFIP WG 11.9 on Digital Forensics, is a Professor of Computer Engineering at the Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio, USA. Sujeet Shenoi is the F.P. Walter Professor of Computer Science and a Professor of Chemical Engineering at the University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.

Digital Evidence and Computer Crime

Author : Eoghan Casey
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123742684
Total Pages : 838 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Evidence and Computer Crime by : Eoghan Casey

Download or read book Digital Evidence and Computer Crime written by Eoghan Casey and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-04-20 with total page 838 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Though an increasing number of criminals are using computers and computer networks, few investigators are well versed in the issues related to digital evidence. This work explains how computer networks function and how they can be used in a crime.

Cyber and Digital Forensic Investigations

Author : Nhien-An Le-Khac
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030471314
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cyber and Digital Forensic Investigations by : Nhien-An Le-Khac

Download or read book Cyber and Digital Forensic Investigations written by Nhien-An Le-Khac and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-25 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the latest capabilities in the cyber threat landscape as well as the cyber forensic challenges and approaches is the best way users and organizations can prepare for potential negative events. Adopting an experiential learning approach, this book describes how cyber forensics researchers, educators and practitioners can keep pace with technological advances, and acquire the essential knowledge and skills, ranging from IoT forensics, malware analysis, and CCTV and cloud forensics to network forensics and financial investigations. Given the growing importance of incident response and cyber forensics in our digitalized society, this book will be of interest and relevance to researchers, educators and practitioners in the field, as well as students wanting to learn about cyber forensics.

Cybercrime and Information Technology

Author : Alex Alexandrou
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000426866
Total Pages : 455 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cybercrime and Information Technology by : Alex Alexandrou

Download or read book Cybercrime and Information Technology written by Alex Alexandrou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-27 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a strong foundation of cybercrime knowledge along with the core concepts of networking, computer security, Internet of Things (IoTs), and mobile devices. Addresses legal statutes and precedents fundamental to understanding investigative and forensic issues relative to evidence collection and preservation. Identifies the new security challenges of emerging technologies including mobile devices, cloud computing, Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), VMware, and the Internet of Things. Strengthens student understanding of the fundamentals of computer and network security, concepts that are often glossed over in many textbooks, and includes the study of cybercrime as critical forward-looking cybersecurity challenges.

Digital Forensics and Internet of Things

Author : Anita Gehlot
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119769035
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Digital Forensics and Internet of Things by : Anita Gehlot

Download or read book Digital Forensics and Internet of Things written by Anita Gehlot and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DIGITAL FORENSICS AND INTERNET OF THINGS It pays to be ahead of the criminal, and this book helps organizations and people to create a path to achieve this goal. The book discusses applications and challenges professionals encounter in the burgeoning field of IoT forensics. IoT forensics attempts to align its workflow to that of any forensics practice—investigators identify, interpret, preserve, analyze and present any relevant data. As with any investigation, a timeline is constructed, and, with the aid of smart devices providing data, investigators might be able to capture much more specific data points than in a traditional crime. However, collecting this data can often be a challenge, as it frequently doesn’t live on the device itself, but rather in the provider’s cloud platform. If you can get the data off the device, you’ll have to employ one of a variety of methods given the diverse nature of IoT devices hardware, software, and firmware. So, while robust and insightful data is available, acquiring it is no small undertaking. Digital Forensics and Internet of Things encompasses: State-of-the-art research and standards concerning IoT forensics and traditional digital forensics Compares and contrasts IoT forensic techniques with those of traditional digital forensics standards Identifies the driving factors of the slow maturation of IoT forensic standards and possible solutions Applies recommended standards gathered from IoT forensic literature in hands-on experiments to test their effectiveness across multiple IoT devices Provides educated recommendations on developing and establishing IoT forensic standards, research, and areas that merit further study. Audience Researchers and scientists in forensic sciences, computer sciences, electronics engineering, embedded systems, information technology.

Cybercrime and Digital Forensics

Author : Jason Wayne
Publisher : Clanrye International
ISBN 13 : 9781632407252
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Cybercrime and Digital Forensics by : Jason Wayne

Download or read book Cybercrime and Digital Forensics written by Jason Wayne and published by Clanrye International. This book was released on 2018-02-07 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the use of Internet is rapidly growing from the past few years, so is the rate of crime related to it. Today cybercrime has become one of the most threatening crimes in the world. Cybercrime refers to any crime which has been committed via Internet and on the computer. It includes copyright infringement, child pornography, hacking or unwarranted mass surveillance, etc. Digital forensics refers to that sub-field of forensics which investigates the digital space and digital devices from which the crime has been committed. This textbook discusses in detail about the concepts, technologies, methods and laws used in this field. It includes topics concerned with the techniques and theories used in the subject. This book, with its detailed analyses and data, will prove immensely beneficial to professionals and students involved in this area at various levels.

IoT 4n6

Author : Jessica Hyde
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9781119598787
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis IoT 4n6 by : Jessica Hyde

Download or read book IoT 4n6 written by Jessica Hyde and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2020-03-31 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet of Things (IoT) devices already number in the billions and soon there will be more smart speakers, TVs, doorbells, thermostats, activity trackers, and every other type of IoT device connected to the internet than there are phones, tablets, and PCs. With those billions of IoT devices comes the need for investigators, law enforcement, and security experts to properly gather and examine IoT data even when it is store off the device in the cloud as it frequently is. In her book IoT 4n6: Investigation of the Internet of Things, Director of Forensics at Magnetics Forensics (USA) Jessica Hyde unleashes her knowledge gained from circuit hardware reversing in both the government and private sectors and carefully details methodologies and analysis that make her a sought-after conference presenter. In the book she examines: Acquiring data from hardware or apps on various platforms Acquiring cloud and network data An analysis methodology Specifics on common IoT systems including name-brand smart speakers, hubs, thermostats, light bulbs and electric outlets, cameras, smart watches, fitness trackers, and vehicles The future of IoT device data including biometrics, smart guns, and smart cities

Computer Forensics and Digital Investigation with EnCase Forensic

Author : Suzanne Widup
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 0071807926
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (718 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Computer Forensics and Digital Investigation with EnCase Forensic by : Suzanne Widup

Download or read book Computer Forensics and Digital Investigation with EnCase Forensic written by Suzanne Widup and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2014-05-30 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conduct repeatable, defensible investigations with EnCase Forensic v7 Maximize the powerful tools and features of the industry-leading digital investigation software. Computer Forensics and Digital Investigation with EnCase Forensic v7 reveals, step by step, how to detect illicit activity, capture and verify evidence, recover deleted and encrypted artifacts, prepare court-ready documents, and ensure legal and regulatory compliance. The book illustrates each concept using downloadable evidence from the National Institute of Standards and Technology CFReDS. Customizable sample procedures are included throughout this practical guide. Install EnCase Forensic v7 and customize the user interface Prepare your investigation and set up a new case Collect and verify evidence from suspect computers and networks Use the EnCase Evidence Processor and Case Analyzer Uncover clues using keyword searches and filter results through GREP Work with bookmarks, timelines, hash sets, and libraries Handle case closure, final disposition, and evidence destruction Carry out field investigations using EnCase Portable Learn to program in EnCase EnScript

Revolutionary Applications of Blockchain-Enabled Privacy and Access Control

Author : Singh, Surjit
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799875903
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Revolutionary Applications of Blockchain-Enabled Privacy and Access Control by : Singh, Surjit

Download or read book Revolutionary Applications of Blockchain-Enabled Privacy and Access Control written by Singh, Surjit and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-04-16 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The security of an organizational information system with the invention of next-generation technologies is a prime focus these days. The industries and institutions in the field of computing and communication, especially in internet of things, cloud computing, mobile networks, next-generation networks, the energy market, banking sector, government sector, and many more, are primarily focused on these security and privacy issues. Blockchain is a new technology that has changed the scenario when it comes to addressing security concerns and resolving traditional safety issues. These industries have started developing applications based on the blockchain underlying platform to tap into this unlimited potential. Blockchain technologies have a great future, but there are still many challenges and issues to resolve for optimal design and utilization of the technology. Revolutionary Applications of Blockchain-Enabled Privacy and Access Control focuses on the recent challenges, design, and issues in the field of blockchain technologies-enabled privacy and advanced security practices in computing and communication. This book provides the latest research findings, solutions, and relevant theoretical frameworks in blockchain technologies, information security, and privacy in computing and communication. While highlighting the technology itself along with its applications and future outlook, this book is ideal for IT specialists, security analysts, cybersecurity professionals, researchers, academicians, students, scientists, and IT sector industry practitioners looking for research exposure and new ideas in the field of blockchain.

Internet of Things, Threats, Landscape, and Countermeasures

Author : Stavros Shiaeles
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000380610
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Internet of Things, Threats, Landscape, and Countermeasures by : Stavros Shiaeles

Download or read book Internet of Things, Threats, Landscape, and Countermeasures written by Stavros Shiaeles and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-04-29 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internet of Things (IoT) is an ecosystem comprised of heterogeneous connected devices that communicate to deliver capabilities making our living, cities, transport, energy, and other areas more intelligent. This book delves into the different cyber-security domains and their challenges due to the massive amount and the heterogeneity of devices. This book introduces readers to the inherent concepts of IoT. It offers case studies showing how IoT counteracts the cyber-security concerns for domains. It provides suggestions on how to mitigate cyber threats by compiling a catalogue of threats that currently comprise the contemporary threat landscape. It then examines different security measures that can be applied to system installations or operational environment and discusses how these measures may alter the threat exploitability level and/or the level of the technical impact. Professionals, graduate students, researchers, academicians, and institutions that are interested in acquiring knowledge in the areas of IoT and cyber-security, will find this book of interest.

Advances in Digital Forensics XV

Author : Gilbert Peterson
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030287521
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Advances in Digital Forensics XV by : Gilbert Peterson

Download or read book Advances in Digital Forensics XV written by Gilbert Peterson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Digital forensics deals with the acquisition, preservation, examination, analysis and presentation of electronic evidence. Computer networks, cloud computing, smartphones, embedded devices and the Internet of Things have expanded the role of digital forensics beyond traditional computer crime investigations. Practically every crime now involves some aspect of digital evidence; digital forensics provides the techniques and tools to articulate this evidence in legal proceedings. Digital forensics also has myriad intelligence applications; furthermore, it has a vital role in cyber security -- investigations of security breaches yield valuable information that can be used to design more secure and resilient systems. Advances in Digital Forensics XV describes original research results and innovative applications in the discipline of digital forensics. In addition, it highlights some of the major technical and legal issues related to digital evidence and electronic crime investigations. The areas of coverage include: forensic models, mobile and embedded device forensics, filesystem forensics, image forensics, and forensic techniques. This book is the fifteenth volume in the annual series produced by the International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP) Working Group 11.9 on Digital Forensics, an international community of scientists, engineers and practitioners dedicated to advancing the state of the art of research and practice in digital forensics. The book contains a selection of fourteen edited papers from the Fifteenth Annual IFIP WG 11.9 International Conference on Digital Forensics, held in Orlando, Florida, USA in the winter of 2019. Advances in Digital Forensics XV is an important resource for researchers, faculty members and graduate students, as well as for practitioners and individuals engaged in research and development efforts for the law enforcement and intelligence communities.