Differences In Biological Structure And Organic Matter Cycling Between Constructed And Natural Tidal Marshes

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Differences in Biological Structure and Organic Matter Cycling Between Constructed and Natural Tidal Marshes

Author : Erin Smyth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Differences in Biological Structure and Organic Matter Cycling Between Constructed and Natural Tidal Marshes by : Erin Smyth

Download or read book Differences in Biological Structure and Organic Matter Cycling Between Constructed and Natural Tidal Marshes written by Erin Smyth and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal wetlands, including tidal marshes, impart a wide variety of ecosystem services, including organic matter (OM) production and carbon (C) storage. However, approximately 25% to 50% of the world's vegetated coastal habitat has been destroyed in the past 50 years, representing a massive loss of C-sink capacity. Wetland restoration presents an opportunity to recover this ecosystem function, but significant temporal lags in the restoration of OM production, decomposition, and storage have been recorded for many constructed marshes. The cycling of OM is regulated, in part, by above- and belowground production. It also is regulated by litter decomposition, a microbially-mediated process, yet microbial biomass and community composition often differ between natural and constructed marshes. Decomposition is also controlled by plant litter quality, but little is known about how litter quality differs between constructed and natural marshes. These potential differences in biological structure and ecosystem function between constructed and natural marshes warrant further exploration, as they may have important consequences for OM accumulation and C storage. In this study, I asked: (1) Do constructed marshes and naturally occurring tidal marshes differ in their biological structure, including above- and belowground plant biomass and fungal biomass? and (2) What factors are driving differences in OM decomposition and soil organic matter (SOM) pools between constructed and natural marshes? To answer these questions, I quantified decomposition rates of Juncus roemerianus shoot tissue in one natural and two constructed tidal marshes along the Alabama Gulf Coast. In addition to mass loss, I measured litter quality (C, N, P, lignin), fungal biomass, above- and belowground biomass, and SOM in all three marshes. While shoot litter quality was similar, above- and belowground biomass, fungal biomass on shoot litter, aboveground decomposition rates, and SOM were all greater in the natural marsh than in the constructed marshes. Soil organic C pools in the pine savannas and natural marshes were roughly two and ten times, respectively, of those in the constructed marshes. These results suggest that, while some aspects of biological structure are similar among sites, rates of OM processing and C-storage potential in these constructed marshes have not yet reached functional equivalency with the natural marsh 33 years after their creation, nor are they comparable to the OM stored in the forests from which they were constructed. Even so, estimates of C accumulation rates over the 33-year period since creation are similar to those reported for other coastal wetlands, making marsh construction a potentially beneficial strategy to recover ecosystem services in the long term.

Biological Contributions to Elevation Differ Within Natural and Constructed Tidal Marshes Exposed to Nutrient Enrichment

Author : Abigail Griffin Wood
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Biological Contributions to Elevation Differ Within Natural and Constructed Tidal Marshes Exposed to Nutrient Enrichment by : Abigail Griffin Wood

Download or read book Biological Contributions to Elevation Differ Within Natural and Constructed Tidal Marshes Exposed to Nutrient Enrichment written by Abigail Griffin Wood and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Restoration and construction of tidal marshes has been encouraged to recover ecosystem structure and function in response to wetland loss. While natural and restored marshes often achieve similar structure, they may not function similarly. Further, the effects of nutrient loading on ecological functions may vary between natural and restored or constructed marshes, with consequences for marsh resilience to sea-level rise. As coastal restoration and creation projects become more common, it is important to understand the similarities and differences in tidal marsh responses to environmental changes, including nutrient enrichment, and their impacts on ecosystem functions and resilience. To test the effects of nutrients on marsh responses, I conducted a controlled, nutrient-enrichment mesocosm experiment (none: no nutrients added; low: 20 g N m-2 yr-1 and 1.25 g P m-2 yr-1 added; high: 40 g N m-2 yr-1 /2.5 g P m-2 yr-1 added) utilizing intact, vegetated sods of Juncus roemerianus collected from natural and constructed tidal marshes along the Fowl River in Alabama. During the 8-month experiment, I measured hydro-edaphic conditions, above- and belowground biomass, primary production, organic matter decomposition, nitrate reduction potentials, and surface elevation change. Above- and belowground biomass was significantly higher in the natural than the constructed marsh, and belowground biomass responded positively to high nutrient additions. As a result, biomass allocation tended to shift belowground with increasing nutrients. Both marsh type and nutrient treatment significantly affected decomposition of J. roemerianus shoot litter, but not of belowground litter. However, given the lower belowground biomass in the constructed marsh, decomposition could have a greater overall impact on elevation in the constructed marsh compared to the natural marsh. Nitrate reduction potentials also differed between marshes and in response to nutrient enrichment. Denitrification (DN) was greater in the natural marsh and increased in response to nutrient additions in both marshes, representing nitrogen removal from the system. Dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) did not differ between marshes or among nutrient treatments in the absence of carbon amendments, but it increased significantly in the natural marsh with carbon amendments, representing nitrogen retention in the system. These biological responses were insufficient to stimulate elevation gains, however, as all mesocosms lost elevation over time. While there were no significant differences in elevation change between marshes or among nutrient treatments, the none treatment retained the most elevation in the natural marsh while the high nutrient treatment retained the most elevation in the constructed marsh. Such differences between marsh types have important implications for coastal restoration success under increasingly eutrophic conditions, and collectively, indicate that nutrient additions may contribute differently to resilience to sea-level rise in natural and constructed tidal marshes.

Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology

Author : M.P. Weinstein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0792360192
Total Pages : 862 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (923 download)

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Book Synopsis Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology by : M.P. Weinstein

Download or read book Concepts and Controversies in Tidal Marsh Ecology written by M.P. Weinstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-10-31 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tidal salt marshes are viewed as critical habitats for the production of fish and shellfish. As a result, considerable legislation has been promulgated to conserve and protect these habitats, and much of it is in effect today. The relatively young science of ecological engineering has also emerged, and there are now attempts to reverse centuries-old losses by encouraging sound wetland restoration practices. Today, tens of thousands of hectares of degraded or isolated coastal wetlands are being restored worldwide. Whether restored wetlands reach functional equivalency to `natural' systems is a subject of heated debate. Equally debatable is the paradigm that depicts tidal salt marshes as the `great engine' that drives much of the secondary production in coastal waters. This view was questioned in the early 1980s by investigators who noted that total carbon export, on the order of 100 to 200 g m-2 y-1 was of much lower magnitude than originally thought. These authors also recognized that some marshes were either net importers of carbon, or showed no net exchange. Thus, the notion of `outwelling' has become but a single element in an evolving view of marsh function and the link between primary and secondary production. The `revisionist' movement was launched in 1979 when stable isotopic ratios of macrophytes and animal tissues were found to be `mismatched'. Some eighteen years later, the view of marsh function is still undergoing additional modification, and we are slowly unraveling the complexities of biogeochemical cycles, nutrient exchange, and the links between primary producers and the marsh/estuary fauna. Yet, since Teal's seminal paper nearly forty years ago, we are not much closer to understanding how marshes work. If anything, we have learned that the story is far more complicated than originally thought. Despite more than four decades of intense research, we do not yet know how salt marshes function as essential habitat, nor do we know the relative contributions to secondary production, both in situ or in the open waters of the estuary. The theme of this Symposium was to review the status of salt marsh research and revisit the existing paradigm(s) for salt marsh function. Challenge questions were designed to meet the controversy head on: Do marshes support the production of marine transient species? If so, how? Are any of these species marsh obligates? How much of the production takes place in situ versus in open waters of the estuary/coastal zone? Sessions were devoted to reviews of landmark studies, or current findings that advance our knowledge of salt marsh function. A day was also devoted to ecological engineering and wetland restoration papers addressing state-of-the-art methodology and specific case histories. Several challenge papers arguing for and against our ability to restore functional salt marshes led off each session. This volume is intended to serve as a synthesis of our current understanding of the ecological role of salt marshes, and will, it is hoped, pave the way for a new generation of research.

The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes

Author : Sergio Fagherazzi
Publisher : American Geophysical Union
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes by : Sergio Fagherazzi

Download or read book The Ecogeomorphology of Tidal Marshes written by Sergio Fagherazzi and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2004-01-09 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Located between sea and land, salt marshes are complex environments that provide critical ecosystem functions, such as production of organic material and nutrient cycling. This book examines the geomorphology of salt marshes with emphasis on the interaction between landscape and biota.

Biogeochemistry of Wetlands

Author : K. Ramesh Reddy
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429531931
Total Pages : 926 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Biogeochemistry of Wetlands by : K. Ramesh Reddy

Download or read book Biogeochemistry of Wetlands written by K. Ramesh Reddy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-10 with total page 926 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The globally important nature of wetland ecosystems has led to their increased protection and restoration as well as their use in engineered systems. Underpinning the beneficial functions of wetlands are a unique suite of physical, chemical, and biological processes that regulate elemental cycling in soils and the water column. This book provides an in-depth coverage of these wetland biogeochemical processes related to the cycling of macroelements including carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, secondary and trace elements, and toxic organic compounds. In this synthesis, the authors combine more than 100 years of experience studying wetlands and biogeochemistry to look inside the black box of elemental transformations in wetland ecosystems. This new edition is updated throughout to include more topics and provide an integrated view of the coupled nature of biogeochemical cycles in wetland systems. The influence of the elemental cycles is discussed at a range of scales in the context of environmental change including climate, sea level rise, and water quality. Frequent examples of key methods and major case studies are also included to help the reader extend the basic theories for application in their own system. Some of the major topics discussed are: Flooded soil and sediment characteristics Aerobic-anaerobic interfaces Redox chemistry in flooded soil and sediment systems Anaerobic microbial metabolism Plant adaptations to reducing conditions Regulators of organic matter decomposition and accretion Major nutrient sources and sinks Greenhouse gas production and emission Elemental flux processes Remediation of contaminated soils and sediments Coupled C-N-P-S processes Consequences of environmental change in wetlands# The book provides the foundation for a basic understanding of key biogeochemical processes and its applications to solve real world problems. It is detailed, but also assists the reader with box inserts, artfully designed diagrams, and summary tables all supported by numerous current references. This book is an excellent resource for senior undergraduates and graduate students studying ecosystem biogeochemistry with a focus in wetlands and aquatic systems.

Marine Research

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Research by :

Download or read book Marine Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wetland Ecosystems

Author : William J. Mitsch
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 047028630X
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetland Ecosystems by : William J. Mitsch

Download or read book Wetland Ecosystems written by William J. Mitsch and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-13 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New focused text introduces readers to wetland ecosystems and systems approaches to studying wetlands With its comprehensive coverage of wetland science, management, and restoration, Mitsch and Gosselink's Wetlands has been the premier reference on wetlands for more than two decades. Now, the coverage of specific wetland ecosystem types from earlier editions of this acclaimed work has been updated, revised, and supplemented with additional content in order to create this new text focusing exclusively on wetland ecosystems. This book now complements Wetlands, Fourth Edition. Following an introduction to ecosystems in general and wetland ecosystems in particular, Wetland Ecosystems examines the major types of wetlands found throughout the world: coastal wetlands, freshwater marshes and forested swamps, and peatlands. The final chapter reviews three fundamental systems approaches to studying wetlands: mesocosms, full-scale experimental ecosystems, and mathematical modeling. This new text features: Updated descriptions of the hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biology of the main types of wetlands found in the world New content introducing general ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, whole ecosystem and mesocosm experiments with wetlands, and systems ecology and modeling A detailed description of the ecosystem services provided by wetlands A broad international scope, including many examples of wetlands located outside North America Two new coauthors offering new perspectives and additional insights into the latest ecosystem and modeling techniques An abundance of illustrations helps readers understand how different biological communities and the abiotic environment in wetland ecosystems interact and function. Tables and text boxes provide at-a-glance summaries of key information. Lastly, each chapter concludes with a list of recommended readings. This text has been designed as an introduction for students and professionals in wetland ecology and management, general ecology, environmental science, and natural resource management.

Marine Research, 1973

Author : United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Marine Research, 1973 by : United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Download or read book Marine Research, 1973 written by United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Groundwater Flow in Freshwater Tidal Marshes: a Comparison of a Natural and a Restored Marsh

Author : Niels Van Putte
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (981 download)

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Book Synopsis Groundwater Flow in Freshwater Tidal Marshes: a Comparison of a Natural and a Restored Marsh by : Niels Van Putte

Download or read book Groundwater Flow in Freshwater Tidal Marshes: a Comparison of a Natural and a Restored Marsh written by Niels Van Putte and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wetlands

Author : Committee on Characterization of Wetlands
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309587220
Total Pages : 329 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetlands by : Committee on Characterization of Wetlands

Download or read book Wetlands written by Committee on Characterization of Wetlands and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-09-20 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Wetlands" has become a hot word in the current environmental debate. But what does it signify? In 1991, proposed changes in the legal definities of wetlands stirred controversy and focused attention on the scientific and economic aspects of their management. This volume explores how to define wetlands. The committee--whose members were drawn from academia, government, business, and the environmental community--builds a rational, scientific basis for delineating wetlands in the landscape and offers recommendations for further action. Wetlands also discusses the diverse hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands, and makes recommendations concerning so-called controversial areas such as permafrost wetlands, riparian ecosystems, irregularly flooded sites, and agricultural wetlands. It presents criteria for identifying wetlands and explores the problems of applying those criteria when there are seasonal changes in water levels. This comprehensive and practical volume will be of interest to environmental scientists and advocates, hydrologists, policymakers, regulators, faculty, researchers, and students of environmental studies.

Tidal Freshwater Wetlands

Author : Aat Barendregt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783823615514
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (155 download)

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Book Synopsis Tidal Freshwater Wetlands by : Aat Barendregt

Download or read book Tidal Freshwater Wetlands written by Aat Barendregt and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management

Author : Ken W. Krauss
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111963928X
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management by : Ken W. Krauss

Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions

Author : Richard V. Pouyat
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030452166
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by : Richard V. Pouyat

Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.

Wetland Plants

Author : Julie K. Cronk
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420032925
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetland Plants by : Julie K. Cronk

Download or read book Wetland Plants written by Julie K. Cronk and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A detailed account of the biology and ecology of vascular wetland plants and their applications in wetland plant science, Wetland Plants: Biology and Ecology presents a synthesis of wetland plant studies and reviews from biology, physiology, evolution, genetics, community and population ecology, environmental science, and engineering. It provides a

Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, volume II

Author : Zifang Chi
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832554563
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (325 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, volume II by : Zifang Chi

Download or read book Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, volume II written by Zifang Chi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-09-23 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given the success of Volume I of this Research Topic, and how rapidly the subject area is evolving, we are pleased to announce the launch of Microbial Ecological and Biogeochemical Processes in the Soil-Vadose Zone-Groundwater Habitats, Volume II. You can check Volume I here: https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/37506/microbial-ecological-and-biogeochemical-processes-in-the-soil-vadose-zone-groundwater-habitats Microorganisms regulate biogeochemical cycles and serve various functions within the soil, vadose zone, and groundwater habitats. Microbial communities are sensitive to environmental changes and can respond to them rapidly. The composition and function of these microorganisms in different habitats can be influenced by biotic and abiotic factors, which affect biochemical processes and ecosystem functions. Therefore, to develop a healthy-stable-sustainable ecosystem, this research topic focuses on microbial ecological and biogeochemical processes in the soil-vadose zone-groundwater habitat.

Impacts of Construction Activities in Wetlands of the United States

Author : Rezneat M. Darnell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (21 download)

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Book Synopsis Impacts of Construction Activities in Wetlands of the United States by : Rezneat M. Darnell

Download or read book Impacts of Construction Activities in Wetlands of the United States written by Rezneat M. Darnell and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Coastal Wetlands

Author : Gerardo M.E. Perillo
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080932134
Total Pages : 975 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis Coastal Wetlands by : Gerardo M.E. Perillo

Download or read book Coastal Wetlands written by Gerardo M.E. Perillo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-01-18 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal wetlands are under a great deal of pressure from the dual forces of rising sea level and the intervention of human populations both along the estuary and in the river catchment. Direct impacts include the destruction or degradation of wetlands from land reclamation and infrastructures. Indirect impacts derive from the discharge of pollutants, changes in river flows and sediment supplies, land clearing, and dam operations. As sea level rises, coastal wetlands in most areas of the world migrate landward to occupy former uplands. The competition of these lands from human development is intensifying, making the landward migration impossible in many cases. This book provides an understanding of the functioning of coastal ecosystems and the ecological services that they provide, and suggestions for their management. In this book a CD is included containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world. - Includes a CD containing color figures of wetlands and estuaries in different parts of the world.