Development Of Otm Syngas Process And Testing Of Syngas Derived Ultra Clean Fuels In Diesel Engines And Fuel Cells

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Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ultra-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ultra-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells by :

Download or read book Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ultra-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This final report summarizes work accomplished in the Program from January 1, 2001 through December 31, 2004. Most of the key technical objectives for this program were achieved. A breakthrough material system has lead to the development of an OTM (oxygen transport membrane) compact planar reactor design capable of producing either syngas or hydrogen. The planar reactor shows significant advantages in thermal efficiency and a step change reduction in costs compared to either autothermal reforming or steam methane reforming with CO2 recovery. Syngas derived ultra-clean transportation fuels were tested in the Nuvera fuel cell modular pressurized reactor and in International Truck and Engine single cylinder test engines. The studies compared emission and engine performance of conventional base fuels to various formulations of ultra-clean gasoline or diesel fuels. A proprietary BP oxygenate showed significant advantage in both applications for reducing emissions with minimal impact on performance. In addition, a study to evaluate new fuel formulations for an HCCI engine was completed.

Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ulta-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells Budget Period 3

Author : E. T. Robinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (316 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ulta-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells Budget Period 3 by : E. T. Robinson

Download or read book Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ulta-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells Budget Period 3 written by E. T. Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This topical report summarizes work accomplished for the Program from January 1, 2003 through December 31,2004 in the following task areas: Task 1--Materials Development; Task 2--Composite Development; Task 4--Reactor Design and Process Optimization; Task 8--Fuels and Engine Testing; 8.1 International Diesel Engine Program; and Task IO: Program Management. Most of the key technical objectives for this budget period were achieved. Only partial success was achieved relative to cycle testing under pressure Major improvements in material performance and element reliability have been achieved. A breakthrough material system has driven the development of a compact planar reactor design capable of producing either hydrogen or syngas. The planar reactor shows significant advantages in thermal efficiency and costs compared to either steam methane reforming with CO{sub 2} recovery or autothermal reforming. The fuel and engine testing program is complete The single cylinder test engine evaluation of UCTF fuels begun in Budget Period 2 was finished this budget period. In addition, a study to evaluate new fuel formulations for an HCCl engine was completed.

Fossil Energy

Author : Ripudaman Malhotra
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 146145722X
Total Pages : 628 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (614 download)

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Book Synopsis Fossil Energy by : Ripudaman Malhotra

Download or read book Fossil Energy written by Ripudaman Malhotra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The word sustainability shares its root with sustenance. In the context of modern society, sustenance is inextricably linked to the use of energy. Fossil Energy provides an authoritative reference on all aspects of this key resource, which currently represents nearly 85% of global energy consumption. Gathering 16 peer-reviewed entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology, the chapters provide comprehensive, yet concise coverage of fundamentals and current areas of research. Written by recognized authorities in the field, this volume represents an essential resource for scientists and engineers working on the development of energy resources, fossil or alternative, and reflects the essential role of energy supplies in supporting a sustainable future.

Studies of Rich and Ultra-rich Combustion for Syngas Production

Author : Colin Healey Smith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis Studies of Rich and Ultra-rich Combustion for Syngas Production by : Colin Healey Smith

Download or read book Studies of Rich and Ultra-rich Combustion for Syngas Production written by Colin Healey Smith and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syngas is a mixture of hydrogen (H2), carbon monoxide (CO) and other species including nitrogen (N2), water (H2O), methane (CH4) and higher hydrocarbons. Syngas is a highly desired product because it is very versatile. It can be used for combustion in turbines or engines, converted to H2 for use in fuel cells, turned into diesel or other high-molecular weight fuels by the Fischer-Tropsch process and used as a chemical feedstock. Syngas can be derived from hydrocarbons in the presence of oxidizer or water as in steam reforming. There are many demonstrated methods to produce syngas with or without water addition including catalytic methods, plasma reforming and combustion. The goal of this study is to add to the understanding of non-catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon fuels to syngas, and this was accomplished through two investigations: the first on fuel conversion potential and the second on the effect of preheat temperature. A primarily experimental investigation of the conversion of jet fuel and butanol to syngas was undertaken to understand the potential of these fuels for conversion. With these new data and previously-published experimental data, a comparison amongst a larger set of fuels for conversion was also conducted. Significant soot formation was observed in experiments with both fuels, but soot formation was so significant in the jet fuel experiments that it limited the range of experimental operating conditions. The comparison amongst fuels indicated that higher conversion rates are observed with smaller molecular weight fuels, generally. However, equilibrium calculations, which are often used to determine trends in fuel conversion, showed the opposite trend. In order to investigate preheat temperature, which is one important aspect of non-catalytic conversion, experiments were undertaken with burner-stabilized flames that are effectively 1-D and steady-state. An extensive set of model calculations were compared to the obtained experimental data and was used to investigate the effect of preheat temperatures that were beyond what was achievable experimentally. Throughout the range of operating conditions that were tested experimentally, the computational model was excellent in its predictions. Experiments where the reactants were preheated showed a significant expansion of the stable operating range of the burner (increasing the equivalence ratio at which the flame blew off). However, increasing preheat temperature beyond what is required for stabilization did not improve syngas yields.

Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Syngas

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Syngas by :

Download or read book Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Syngas written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objectives of this program are to investigate potential technologies for the conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas to oxygenated fuels, hydrocarbon fuels, fuel intermediates, and octane enhancers; and to demonstrate the most promising technologies at DOE's LaPorte, Texas, Slurry Phase Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU). BASF continues to have difficulties in scaling-up the new isobutanol synthesis catalyst developed in Air Products' laboratories. Investigations are proceeding, but the proposed operation at LaPorte in April is now postponed. DOE has accepted a proposal to demonstrate Liquid Phase Shift (LPS) chemistry at LaPorte as an alternative to isobutanol. There are two principal reasons for carrying out this run. First, following the extensive modifications at the site, operation on a relatively benign'' system is needed before we start on Fischer-Tropsch technology in July. Second, use of shift catalyst in a slurry reactor will enable DOE's program on coal-based Fischer-Tropsch to encompass commercially available cobalt catalysts-up to now they have been limited to iron-based catalysts which have varying degrees of shift activity. In addition, DOE is supportive of continued fuel testing of LaPorte methanol-tests of MIOO at Detroit Diesel have been going particularly well. LPS offers the opportunity to produce methanol as the catalyst, in the absence of steam, is active for methanol synthesis.

23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering

Author : M. Gądek
Publisher : Elsevier Inc. Chapters
ISBN 13 : 0128085088
Total Pages : 17 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering by : M. Gądek

Download or read book 23 European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering written by M. Gądek and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-06-10 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasing awareness of the environmental issues forces a strong drive towards the development of new, sustainable processes for renewable energy production. Likewise, the economic issues related to the increasing prices of crude oil, and its derivatives lead to the recognition of advantages of alternative fuels, thus a significant interest in biomass-derived, synthetic fuels is observed. Among various thermo-chemical conversion processes, biomass gasification is one of the most effective, efficient and sustainable solutions to the production of renewable energy. It provides a gaseous fuel, composed mainly of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, suitable to produce chemicals, heat, and energy. In particular, syngas can be used to obtain methanol (MeOH) and dimethyl ether (DME), both energy carriers of great interest for many advanced energy applications. The herein presented work provides the reader with a comparison of the technicalities as well as economics of methanol and DME production from biomass-derived syngas, by different pathways. For that purpose a process simulation by means of the ChemCAD® commercial code was used. The developed simulation strategies include both, optimization of the kinetic models and unique solution of fuel refinement.

Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Syngas. Quarterly Status Report No. 6, January 1--March 31, 1992

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 153 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Syngas. Quarterly Status Report No. 6, January 1--March 31, 1992 by :

Download or read book Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal-derived Syngas. Quarterly Status Report No. 6, January 1--March 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objectives of this program are to investigate potential technologies for the conversion of coal-derived synthesis gas to oxygenated fuels, hydrocarbon fuels, fuel intermediates, and octane enhancers; and to demonstrate the most promising technologies at DOE's LaPorte, Texas, Slurry Phase Alternative Fuels Development Unit (AFDU). BASF continues to have difficulties in scaling-up the new isobutanol synthesis catalyst developed in Air Products' laboratories. Investigations are proceeding, but the proposed operation at LaPorte in April is now postponed. DOE has accepted a proposal to demonstrate Liquid Phase Shift (LPS) chemistry at LaPorte as an alternative to isobutanol. There are two principal reasons for carrying out this run. First, following the extensive modifications at the site, operation on a relatively ''benign'' system is needed before we start on Fischer-Tropsch technology in July. Second, use of shift catalyst in a slurry reactor will enable DOE's program on coal-based Fischer-Tropsch to encompass commercially available cobalt catalysts-up to now they have been limited to iron-based catalysts which have varying degrees of shift activity. In addition, DOE is supportive of continued fuel testing of LaPorte methanol-tests of MIOO at Detroit Diesel have been going particularly well. LPS offers the opportunity to produce methanol as the catalyst, in the absence of steam, is active for methanol synthesis.

The Books of the Bible Arr. in Rhyme

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 7 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (12 download)

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Book Synopsis The Books of the Bible Arr. in Rhyme by :

Download or read book The Books of the Bible Arr. in Rhyme written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal Derived Syngas. Topical Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 103 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal Derived Syngas. Topical Report by :

Download or read book Development of Alternative Fuels from Coal Derived Syngas. Topical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents engineering, modification, and operations efforts of demonstration of dimethyl-ether/methanol coproduction in a slurry-phase reactor, carried out in a 2-ft diameter bubble column reactor. Equipment modifications made it possible to remove the product DME and by-product CO2 from the reactor effluent. Coproduction of dimethyl-ether (DME) and methanol (MeOH) was accomplished in the slurry reactor by physically mixing two different catalysts. The catalyst used to produce MeOH from syngas was manufactured by BASF (type S3-86); the catalyst used to convert MeOH to DME was Catapal [gamma]-alumina. Ratio of MeOH to DME catalysts determined the selectivity towards DME. The demonstration sought to study effect of cocatalyst ratio on product selectivity. Three different proportions of DME catalyst were examined: 0, 6.6, and 19.3 wt % alumina. At each catalyst proportion, the plant was operated at two different gas space velocities. Some process variables were maintained at fixed conditions; most important variables included: reactor temperature (482F), reactor pressure (750 psig), and reactor feed gas composition (35% H2, 51% CO,13% CO2 1% other, nominal-molar basis).

Preliminary Screening--technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-derived Syngas

Download Preliminary Screening--technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-derived Syngas PDF Online Free

Author : Pamela L. Spath
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Preliminary Screening--technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-derived Syngas by : Pamela L. Spath

Download or read book Preliminary Screening--technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-derived Syngas written by Pamela L. Spath and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Preliminary Screening -- Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-Derived Syngas

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)

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Book Synopsis Preliminary Screening -- Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-Derived Syngas by :

Download or read book Preliminary Screening -- Technical and Economic Assessment of Synthesis Gas to Fuels and Chemicals with Emphasis on the Potential for Biomass-Derived Syngas written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In principle, syngas (primarily consisting of CO and H2) can be produced from any hydrocarbon feedstock, including: natural gas, naphtha, residual oil, petroleum coke, coal, and biomass. The lowest cost routes for syngas production, however, are based on natural gas, the cheapest option being remote or stranded reserves. Economic considerations dictate that the current production of liquid fuels from syngas translates into the use of natural gas as the hydrocarbon source. Nevertheless, the syngas production operation in a gas-to-liquids plant amounts to greater than half of the capital cost of the plant. The choice of technology for syngas production also depends on the scale of the synthesis operation. Syngas production from solid fuels can require an even greater capital investment with the addition of feedstock handling and more complex syngas purification operations. The greatest impact on improving the economics of gas-to liquids plants is through (1) decreasing capital costs associated with syngas production and (2) improving the thermal efficiency with better heat integration and utilization. Improved thermal efficiency can be obtained by combining the gas-to-liquids plant with a power generation plant to take advantage of the availability of low-pressure steam. The extensive research and development efforts devoted to syngas conversion to fuels and chemicals are documented in a vast amount of literature that tracks the scientific and technological advancements in syngas chemistry. The purpose of this report is to review the many syngas to products processes and summarize the salient points regarding the technology status and description, chemistry, catalysts, reactors, gas cleanliness requirements, process and environmental performances, and economics. Table 1 lists the products examined in this study and gives some facts about the technology as well as advantages and disadvantages. Table 2 summarizes the catalysts, process conditions, conversions, and selectivities for the various syngas to products processes. Table 3 presents catalyst poisons for the various products.

Syngas Generation from Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates with Structured Catalysts

Author : Vladislav Sadykov
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781608763238
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (632 download)

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Book Synopsis Syngas Generation from Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates with Structured Catalysts by : Vladislav Sadykov

Download or read book Syngas Generation from Hydrocarbons and Oxygenates with Structured Catalysts written by Vladislav Sadykov and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Syngas generation by oxidative or steam reforming of hydrocarbons and oxygenates now attracts a lot of attention of researchers in the fields of heterogeneous catalysis and chemical engineering due to its tremendous importance for energy generation and synfuels production. This book reviews results of the long-term research of the international team of scientists aimed at development of efficient processes of syngas generation in structured catalytic reactors. Multiscale integrated optimisation approach is applied throughout of this work including design of nanocomposite active components stable to coking and sintering; developing heat-conducting monolithic substrates comprised of refractory alloys and cermets (honeycomb and microchannel structures, gauzes etc) and procedures of their loading with active components; design and manufacturing of several types of pilot-scale reactors (with the radial or the axial flow direction) equipped with unique liquid fuel evaporation and mixing units and internal heat exchangers. Extended tests of these reactors fed by fuels from C1 to gasoline, mineral and sunflower oil have been carried out with a broad variation of experimental parameters including stability tests up to 1000 h. Performance analysis has been made with a due regard for equilibrium restrictions on the operational parameters. Transient behaviour of the monolith reactor during start-up (ignition) of the methane partial oxidation to synthesis gas was studied and analysed via mathematical modelling based upon detailed elementary step mechanism. This provides required bases for theoretical optimisation of the catalyst bed configuration and process parameters.

Syngas Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels Technology Pathway

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis Syngas Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels Technology Pathway by :

Download or read book Syngas Upgrading to Hydrocarbon Fuels Technology Pathway written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In support of the Bioenergy Technologies Office, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) are undertaking studies of biomass conversion technologies to hydrocarbon fuels to identify barriers and target research toward reducing conversion costs. Process designs and preliminary economic estimates for each of these pathway cases were developed using rigorous modeling tools (Aspen Plus and Chemcad). These analyses incorporated the best information available at the time of development, including data from recent pilot and bench-scale demonstrations, collaborative industrial and academic partners, and published literature and patents. This pathway case investigates the upgrading of biomass derived synthesis gas ('syngas') to hydrocarbon biofuels. While this specific discussion focuses on the conversion of syngas via a methanol intermediate to hydrocarbon blendstocks, there are a number of alternative conversion routes for production of hydrocarbons through a wide array of intermediates from syngas. Future work will also consider the variations to this pathway to determine the most economically viable and risk adverse conversion route. Technical barriers and key research needs have been identified that should be pursued for the syngas to hydrocarbon pathway to be competitive with petroleum-derived gasoline, diesel and jet range blendstocks.

Experimentation with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Fuel Electrode Fed with Different Syngas Fuel Compositions Obtained from Gasification Processes

Download Experimentation with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Fuel Electrode Fed with Different Syngas Fuel Compositions Obtained from Gasification Processes PDF Online Free

Author : Josep Oriol Bonells Plazón
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimentation with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Fuel Electrode Fed with Different Syngas Fuel Compositions Obtained from Gasification Processes by : Josep Oriol Bonells Plazón

Download or read book Experimentation with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Fuel Electrode Fed with Different Syngas Fuel Compositions Obtained from Gasification Processes written by Josep Oriol Bonells Plazón and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are since the 50's one of the more efficient devices for producing electric power from fuels through chemical reactions. Because of its low emissions, depending on the use or not of hydrocarbons as fuel, SOFCs systems are regarded as one the most respectful with the environment. Nevertheless to make the whole process even more environmentally friendlier the fuel used to feed the anode can be obtained by greener processes such as gasification. Syngas is mainly obtained from gasification of coal, but in the actual context of searching lower impact ways to produce fuel, the gasification of biomass or, also, the co-gasification of coal and biomass both together appears to be a good way to produce syngas from a renewable energy source such as biomass. The technology of SOFCs has been proved to be capable of working with a wide range of fuels. The question now is about syngas: are all kinds of syngas a suitable fuel for feeding SOFCs? This work deals with that matter. The three syngas, with different compositions provided by Ente per le Nuove tecnologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente (ENEA) are analyzed and then modified in order to avoid possible future carbon deposition problems, finally they are tested in a single planar SOFC. Two of them are obtained for gasification of different coals and a third one is obtained from the co-gasification of coal and biomass pellets. Finally the performances of the single planar fuel cell are evaluated using the impedances analysis, the polarization curves, and the analysis of the anode exhaust gases with a spectroscope.

Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas by :

Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the DOE-sponsored contract Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-Derived Syngas'' experimental evaluations of the one-step synthesis of alternative fuels were carried out. The objective of this work was to develop novel processes for converting coal-derived syngas to fuels or fuel additives. Building on a technology base acquired during the development of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH) process, this work focused on the development of slurry reactor based processes. The experimental investigations, which involved bench-scale reactor studies, focused primarily on three areas: (1) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to hydrocarbons or methanol/hydrocarbon mixtures using a mixture of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol conversion catalyst in the same slurry reactor. (2) Slurry-phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols using various catalysts. (3) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to mixed ethers using a mixture of mixed alcohols synthesis catalyst and dehydration catalyst in the same slurry reactor. The experimental results indicate that, of the three types of processes investigated, slurry phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols shows the most promise for further process development. Evaluations of various mixed alcohols catalysts show that a cesium-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al[sub 2]O[sub 3] methanol synthesis catalyst, developed in Air Products' laboratories, has the highest performance in terms of rate and selectivity for C[sub 2+]-alcohols. In fact, once-through conversion at industrially practical reaction conditions yielded a mixed alcohols product potentially suitable for direct gasoline blending. Moreover, an additional attractive aspect of this catalyst is its high selectivity for branched alcohols, potential precursors to iso-olefins for use in etherification.

Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 77 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2 by :

Download or read book Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-derived Synthesis Gas. Task 3.2 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the DOE-sponsored contract ''Synthesis of Dimethyl Ether and Alternative Fuels in the Liquid Phase from Coal-Derived Syngas'' experimental evaluations of the one-step synthesis of alternative fuels were carried out. The objective of this work was to develop novel processes for converting coal-derived syngas to fuels or fuel additives. Building on a technology base acquired during the development of the Liquid Phase Methanol (LPMEOH) process, this work focused on the development of slurry reactor based processes. The experimental investigations, which involved bench-scale reactor studies, focused primarily on three areas: (1) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to hydrocarbons or methanol/hydrocarbon mixtures using a mixture of methanol synthesis catalyst and methanol conversion catalyst in the same slurry reactor. (2) Slurry-phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols using various catalysts. (3) One-step, slurry-phase syngas conversion to mixed ethers using a mixture of mixed alcohols synthesis catalyst and dehydration catalyst in the same slurry reactor. The experimental results indicate that, of the three types of processes investigated, slurry phase conversion of syngas to mixed alcohols shows the most promise for further process development. Evaluations of various mixed alcohols catalysts show that a cesium-promoted Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 methanol synthesis catalyst, developed in Air Products' laboratories, has the highest performance in terms of rate and selectivity for C{sub 2+}-alcohols. In fact, once-through conversion at industrially practical reaction conditions yielded a mixed alcohols product potentially suitable for direct gasoline blending. Moreover, an additional attractive aspect of this catalyst is its high selectivity for branched alcohols, potential precursors to iso-olefins for use in etherification.

Syngas to Synfuels Process Development Unit Final Scientific/Technical Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 74 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Syngas to Synfuels Process Development Unit Final Scientific/Technical Report by :

Download or read book Syngas to Synfuels Process Development Unit Final Scientific/Technical Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process described is for the gasification of 20 kg/h of biomass (switchgrass) to produce a syngas suitable for upgrading to Fischer-Tropsch (FT) liquid fuels (gas, diesel, waxes, etc.). The gas stream generated from gasification is primarily composed of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), steam (H2O), and methane (CH4), but also includes tars, particulate matter, ammonia (NH3), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen chloride (HCl), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), carbonyl sulfide (COS), etc. as contaminants. The gas stream passes through an array of cleaning devices to remove the contaminants to levels suitable for FT synthesis of fuels/chemicals. These devices consist primarily of an oil scrubber (to remove tars and remaining particulates), sulfur scrubber (to remove sulfur compounds), and a wet scrubber (to remove NH3, HCl and remaining water soluble contaminants). The ammonia and oil scrubbers are absorption columns with a combination of random and structured packing materials, using water and oil as the adsorption liquids respectively. The ammonia scrubber performed very well, while operating the oil scrubber proved to be more difficult due to the nature of tar compounds. The sulfur scrubber is a packed bed absorption device with solid extrudates of adsorbent material, primarily composed of ZnO and CuO. It performed well, but over a limited amount of time due to fouling created by excess tar/particulate matter and oil aerosols. Overall gas contaminants were reduced to below 1 ppm NH3, and less than 1 ppm collective sulfur compounds.