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Development Of Large Grain Single Crystal Niobium Cavity Technology At Jefferson Lab
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Book Synopsis Development of Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium Cavity Technology at Jefferson Lab by : Peter Kneisel
Download or read book Development of Large Grain/Single Crystal Niobium Cavity Technology at Jefferson Lab written by Peter Kneisel and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately two years ago we started to develop high performance niobium accelerating cavities based on large grain or single crystal high purity niobium. We have fabricated and tested 15 single cell cavities of various shapes and frequencies between 1300 MHz and 2300 MHz using material from a total of 9 different very large grain niobium ingots from four niobium suppliers. The materials differed not only in grain sizes, but also in RRR? value and in the amount of Ta contained in the material. In one ingot supplied by CBMM the central grain exceeded 7 inches in diameter and this was used to fabricate two 2.2 GHz cavities. A single crystal 1300 MHz mono-cell cavity was also produced at DESY by rolling out a single crystal to the size required for this cavity. It was sent to Jlab for surface treatment and testing. In addition, we have fabricated three 7-cell cavities: two of the Jlab high gradient (HG) shape and one of the ILC Low Loss shape. Two 9-cell TESLA shape cavities are presently in fabrication at Jlab and are close to completion.
Book Synopsis Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology by : Ganapati Rao Myneni
Download or read book Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology written by Ganapati Rao Myneni and published by AIP Conference Proceedings / H. This book was released on 2007-08-30 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SRF Technology based accelerators, FEL’s, and ERL’s, are becoming common worldwide. Several new frontier technologies and applications are expected to be evolving in coming years as the cost of SRF technology comes. Terra Hertz (THz) Science could benefit from these advances, and many applications are likely to be developed in the fields of medical imaging, material science, pharmaceuticals, communications etc.
Book Synopsis Single Crystal and Large Grain Niobium Research at Michigan State University by :
Download or read book Single Crystal and Large Grain Niobium Research at Michigan State University written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) technology is used in more accelerator designs, research has focused on increasing the efficiency of these accelerators by pushing gradients and investigating cast reduction options. Today, most SRF structures are fabricated from high purity niobium. Over years of research, a material specification has been derived that defines a uniaxial, fine gain structure for SRF cavity fabrication. Most recently a push has been made to investigate the merits of using single or large grain niobium as a possible alternative to fine grain niobium. Michigan State University (MSU), in collaboration with Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB), is researching large grain niobium via cavity fabrication processes end testing, as well as exploring materials science issues associated with recrystallization and heat transfer. Single-cell 1.3 GHz (Beta=0.081) cavities made from both fine end large grain niobium were compared both in terms of fabrication procedures and performance. Two 7-cell cavities are currently being fabricated.
Book Synopsis RF Superconductivity by : Hasan Padamsee
Download or read book RF Superconductivity written by Hasan Padamsee and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-04-20 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second book to RF Superconducting, written by one of the leading experts. The book provides fast and up-to-date access to the latest advances in the key technology for future accelerators. Experts as well as newcomers to the field will benefit from the discussion of progress in the basic science, technology as well as recent and forthcoming applications. Researchers in accelerator physics will also find much that is relevant to their discipline.
Download or read book Development of Large Grain written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately two years ago we started to develop high performance niobium accelerating cavities based on large grain or single crystal high purity niobium. We have fabricated and tested 15 single cell cavities of various shapes and frequencies between 1300 MHz and 2300 MHz using material from a total of 9 different very large grain niobium ingots from four niobium suppliers. The materials differed not only in grain sizes, but also in RRR? value and in the amount of Ta contained in the material. In one ingot supplied by CBMM the central grain exceeded 7 inches in diameter and this was used to fabricate two 2.2 GHz cavities. A single crystal 1300 MHz mono-cell cavity was also produced at DESY by rolling out a single crystal to the size required for this cavity. It was sent to Jlab for surface treatment and testing. In addition, we have fabricated three 7-cell cavities: two of the Jlab high gradient (HG) shape and one of the ILC Low Loss shape. Two 9-cell TESLA shape cavities are presently in fabrication at Jlab and are close to completion.
Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology by : Alexander W. Chao
Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology written by Alexander W. Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is dedicated to superconducting technology and its applications, including superconducting magnets (SC magnets) and superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities.
Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 5: Applications Of Superconducting Technology To Accelerators by : Alexander Wu Chao
Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 5: Applications Of Superconducting Technology To Accelerators written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several decades major advances in accelerators have resulted from breakthroughs in accelerator science and accelerator technology. After the introduction of a new accelerator physics concept or the implementation of a new technology, a leap in accelerator performance followed. A well-known representation of these advances is the Livingston chart, which shows an exponential growth of accelerator performance over the last seven or eight decades. One of the breakthrough accelerator technologies that support this exponential growth is superconducting technology. Recognizing this major technological advance, we dedicate Volume 5 of Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology (RAST) to superconducting technology and its applications.Two major applications are superconducting magnets (SC magnets) and superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. SC magnets provide much higher magnetic field than their room-temperature counterparts, thus allowing accelerators to reach higher energies with comparable size as well as much reduced power consumption. SRF technology allows field energy storage for continuous wave applications and energy recovery, in addition to the advantage of tremendous power savings and better particle beam quality. In this volume, we describe both technologies and their applications. We also include discussion of the associated R&D in superconducting materials and the future prospects for these technologies.
Download or read book Recent Progress in Large Grain written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High RRR bulk niobium Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavity technology is chosen for the International Linear Collider (ILC). The SRF community was convinced until now that fine grain polycrystalline RRR niobium sheets obtained via forging and cross rolling are essential for forming the SRF Cavities. However, it was recently discovered under a joint Reference Metals Company, Inc., - JLAB CRADA that large grain/single crystal RRR niobium sliced directly from ingots is highly ductile reaching 100 percent elongation. This discovery led to the successful fabrication of several SRF single and/or multi cell structures, formed with sliced RRR discs from the ingots, operating at 2.3, 1.5 and 1.3 GHz. This new exciting development is expected to offer high performance accelerator structures not only at reduced costs but also with simpler fabrication and processing conditions. As a result there is a renewed interest in the evaluation and understanding of the large grain and single crystal niobium with respect to their mechanical & physical properties as well as the oxidation behavior and the influence of impurities such as hydrogen and Ta. In this paper the results of many collaborative studies on large grain and single crystal high RRR niobium between JLAB, Universities and Industry are presented.
Book Synopsis PROGRESS ON LARGE GRAIN AND SINGLE GRAIN NIOBIUM by :
Download or read book PROGRESS ON LARGE GRAIN AND SINGLE GRAIN NIOBIUM written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Large grain and single crystal niobium has been proposed several years ago as an alternative material to poly-crystalline niobium for superconducting cavities, exhibiting potential advantages such as ¿stream-lined¿ procedures, reduced costs and better reproducibility in performance. Several major laboratories have investigated the use of large grain and single crystal material in the past years and the niobium producing industry has responded in providing ingot material with enlarged grain sizes. Besides a large number of single cell and multi-cell cavities from large grain niobium, several single crystal cavities have been fabricated and tested with good performances. This contribution will review the progress since the SRF workshop in 2005 in material processing and handling and in cavity performances.
Book Synopsis Review of Ingot Niobium as a Material for Superconducting Radiofrequency Accelerating Cavities by :
Download or read book Review of Ingot Niobium as a Material for Superconducting Radiofrequency Accelerating Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As a result of collaboration between Jefferson Lab and niobium manufacturer Companhia Brasileira de Metalurgia e Mineração (CBMM), ingot niobium was explored as a possible material for superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavity fabrication. The first single cell cavity from large-grain high purity niobium was fabricated and successfully tested at Jefferson Lab in 2004. This work triggered research activities in other SRF laboratories around the world. The large-grain (LG) niobium became not only an interesting alternative material for cavity builders, but also material scientists and surface scientists were eager to participate in the development of this technology. Many single cell cavities made from material of different suppliers have been tested successfully and several multi-cell cavities have shown performances comparable to the best cavities made from standard fine-grain niobium. Several 9-cell cavities fabricated by Research Instruments and tested at DESY exceeded the best performing fine grain cavities with a record accelerating gradient of Eacc=45.6 MV/m. The quality factor of those cavities was also higher than that of fine-grain (FG) cavities processed with the same methods. Such performance levels push the state-of-the art of SRF technology and are of great interest for future accelerators. This contribution reviews the development of ingot niobium technology and highlights some of the differences compared to standard FG material and opportunities for further developments.
Book Synopsis Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single and Large Crystal High-RRR Niobium by : Ganapati Myneni
Download or read book Physical and Mechanical Properties of Single and Large Crystal High-RRR Niobium written by Ganapati Myneni and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High RRR bulk niobium SRF cavities are the building blocks of the latest and future particle accelerators, free electron lasers (FEL's) and energy recovery linacs (ERL's.). These cavities are fabricated from high purity (RRR) poly crystalline niobium sheets via deep drawing, e-beam welding and surface treatment to obtain high accelerating gradients and quality factors. However, the starting bulk RRR niobium properties are not yet optimized with respect to both cost reduction and achievement of ultimate performance. A major limitation in achieving the highest performance can possibly be attributed to imperfections at or near the grain boundaries. Recently, at Jefferson Lab single/large grain RRR niobium cavities are developed using customized RRR ingots with optimized amounts of impurities such as Tantalum and minimizing the interstitial contents (O, C, N and H).
Book Synopsis Performance of Large Grain and Single Crystal Niobium Cavities by :
Download or read book Performance of Large Grain and Single Crystal Niobium Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 114013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have fabricated and tested several single and one multi-cell cavity made from large grain niobium of four different ingots. Two cavities at a frequency of ~ 2.2 GHz were made from single crystal sheets. Large grain material was used for four single cell cavities of the HG â and OC shapes, a 7-cell cavity of the HG â shape â all resonating at 1500 MHz â and an ILC_LL single cell cavity at 1300 MHz. We began to explore also different chemical polishing baths such as a 1:1:1 and a 1:1:2 buffered solution and explored the change of cavity performance as a function of material removal. The results from these preliminary investigations are reported in this contribution.
Book Synopsis Investigations of Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Niobium for SRF Cavities by :
Download or read book Investigations of Residual Stresses and Mechanical Properties of Single Crystal Niobium for SRF Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work investigates properties of large grained, high purity niobium with respect to the forming of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities from such large grained sheets. The yield stresses were examined using tensile specimens that were essentially single crystals in orientations evenly distributed in the standard projection triangle. No distinct yield anisotropy was found, however, vacuum annealing increased the yield strength by a factor 2.3. The deep drawing forming operation of the half cells raises the issues of elastic shape changes after the release of the forming tool (springback) and residual stresses, both of which are indicated to be negligible. This is a consequence of the low yield stress (
Book Synopsis Large Grain Niobium Cavity R & D in Asia and the Future by :
Download or read book Large Grain Niobium Cavity R & D in Asia and the Future written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of the large grain niobium cavity R & D in Asia and the future scope are presented. Recently KEK has received CBMM and NingXia large grain niobium sheets through collaborations. KEK has fabricated 1.3 GHz single cell cavities using these materials and measured the cavity performance. Those results are presented in this paper.
Book Synopsis Single Crystal--large Grain Niobium Technology by :
Download or read book Single Crystal--large Grain Niobium Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis PERFORMANCES OF HIGH PURITY NIOBIUM CAVITIES WITH DIFFERENT GRAIN SIZES. by :
Download or read book PERFORMANCES OF HIGH PURITY NIOBIUM CAVITIES WITH DIFFERENT GRAIN SIZES. written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain boundaries have for some time been suspected of influencing the performance of RF cavities made from high purity niobium by limiting the temperature dependent BCS surface resistance to a residual resistance because of impurity segregation and by causing field limitations due to flux penetration. We have carried out a comparative study of the RF behavior of 2.2 GHz TM010 cavities of identical shape, fabricated from single crystal niobium, niobium of grain sizes of the order of several cm2 and standard poly-crystalline material. All the cavities were treated with buffered chemical polishing (BCP), post-purified at 1250 C and ''in-situ'' baked at 120 C. This contribution reports about the results of the measurements of the temperature dependence of the surface resistance Rs(T) and the Q0 vs. Eacc behavior at 2 K. From the analysis of the Rs(T) data at low RF fields material parameters such as gap value, mean free path and residual resistance could be extracted. The dependence of the Q-value on RF field was analyzed with respect to the medium field Q-slope, ''Q-drop'' at high fields and the ''quench'' fields. The best performance resulted in a breakdown field of (almost equal to) 165 mT, corresponding to an accelerating gradient of Eacc (almost equal to) 38 MV/m.
Book Synopsis Preliminary Results from Single Crystal and Very Large Crystal Niobium Cavities by :
Download or read book Preliminary Results from Single Crystal and Very Large Crystal Niobium Cavities written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have fabricated and tested several single cell cavities using material from very large grain niobium ingots. In one case the central grain exceeded 7 inches in diameter and this was used to fabricate two 2.2 GHz cavities. This activity had a dual purpose: to investigate the influence of grain boundaries on the often observed Q-drop at gradients E[sub acc]> 20 MV/m in the absence of field emission, and to study the possibility of using ingot material for cavity fabrication without going through the expensive rolling process. The sheets for these cavities were cut from the ingot by wire electro-discharge machining (EDM) and subsequently formed into half-cells by deep drawing. The following fabrication steps were standard: machining of weld recesses, electron beam welding of beam pipes onto the half cells and final equator weld to join both half cell/beam pipe subunits. The cavities showed heavy Q-disease caused by the EDM. After hydrogen degassing at 800 C for 3 hrs in UHV and about 200 [micro]m total removals from the inner surface by BCP 1:1:1, the cavities showed promising results, however, the Q-drop was still present. In the two cavities made from large grain material accelerating gradients of 30 MV/m have been reached. After ''in-situ'' baking the Q-drop disappeared. The smaller cavities made from single crystal material showed very low residual resistances and accelerating gradients up to E[sub acc] = 45 MV/m were reached (one of the highest ever achieved), corresponding to a peak surface magnetic fields (B[sub p]) of 160 mT. In one rf test at 2 K, a B[sub p] = 185 mT was reached for few hundred milliseconds, close to the theoretical critical field of this material.
