Development Of Electrochemical Sensors Using Novel Nanocomposites

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Development of Electrochemical Sensors Using Novel Nanocomposites

Author : Hashwin Vijay Sundar Ganesh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Electrochemical Sensors Using Novel Nanocomposites by : Hashwin Vijay Sundar Ganesh

Download or read book Development of Electrochemical Sensors Using Novel Nanocomposites written by Hashwin Vijay Sundar Ganesh and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modification of electrode surfaces with nanomaterials, polymer films, nanoparticles, nanocomposites, and self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) is a popular approach for improving the performance of electrochemical sensors. Nanomaterial modified electrodes are able to offer improved performance due to improvement in the electron transfer kinetics that occurs at the interface of these electrodes, increases in the electrochemically active surface area, electro-catalytic effects facilitated by the nanomaterials, and changes in the surface geometry. In this thesis, two such electrode modifications have been reported. In the first work, simultaneous electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA), and uric acid (UA) was performed using a modified graphite paste electrode (MGPE) with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and green tea (GT) powder. In the second work, multi-walled carbon nanotube-reduced graphene oxide (MWCNTrGO) nanocomposite-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) were used for the electrochemical detection of gallic acid-capped gold nanoparticles (GA-AuNPs) using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV).

Metal Oxides in Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Toxic Chemicals

Author : A. Pandikumar
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128209399
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Metal Oxides in Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Toxic Chemicals by : A. Pandikumar

Download or read book Metal Oxides in Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Toxic Chemicals written by A. Pandikumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-21 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal oxide nanomaterials exhibit interesting electrical and photochemical properties because of their size, stability, and high surface area that render them as great choices in fabricating alternative electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and sensor applications. The hybridization of metal oxides with other materials lead to the improvement in electrical conductivity, stability, and electron transfer kinetics during the electrocatalytic reactions. These key factors result in greater sensitivity of the sensor materials towards the analyte molecules. This book reviews the electrochemical determination of a variety of toxic chemical contaminants using metal oxide-based nanocomposite materials. Ultrasensitive and selective detection of toxic chemical contaminants is important and demanding, especially for monitoring and controlling environmental pollution. In recent years, metal oxide-based nanocomposite materials have shown high potential in the electrochemical detection of heavy metals, inorganic anions, phenolic compounds, pesticides, and chemical warfare reagents. Metal Oxides in Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Toxic Chemicals comprehensively reviews this topic. In addition to the instrumental simplicity, the electrochemical methods show the improved sensor performance through the synergetic effect of metal oxide and other electroactive nanomaterial present in the nanocomposite. Thus, detailed information on the electrochemical sensing of toxic chemical contaminants using metal oxide-based nanomaterials are discussed. The recent progress in developing electrochemical sensors using metal oxide-based nanocomposite materials and perspectives on future opportunities in sensor research and development are addressed in the book. - Introduces the fundamentals of electrochemical sensors and fabrication of metal oxide sensors of toxic chemicals - Reviews binary, doped, metal oxide-metal, metal oxide-carbon, metal oxide-polymer, metal-boron nitride, metal oxide-clay, and metal oxide- MOF electrodes - Systematically addresses the fabrication, synthesis, performance, mechanisms, detection limits, sensitivity, advantages and limitations and future perspectives of a wide range of metal oxide-based electrochemical sensors

Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules

Author : A. Pandikumar
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128156392
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules by : A. Pandikumar

Download or read book Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules written by A. Pandikumar and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-22 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Biomolecules presents the latest on these nanomaterials that have gained a lot of attention based on their unique properties of high mechanical flexibility, large surface area, chemical stability, superior electric and thermal conductivities that render them great choices as alternative electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and sensor applications. The hybridization of graphene with other nanomaterials induces a synergetic effect, leading to the improvement in electrical conductivity, stability and an enhancement of the electrocatalytic activity of the new nanocomposite material. This book discusses the electrochemical determination of a variety of biomolecules using graphene-based nanocomposite materials. Finally, recent progress in the development of electrochemical sensors using graphene-based nanocomposite materials and perspectives on future opportunities in sensor research and development are discussed in detail. - Covers the importance of detecting biomolecules and the application of graphene and its nanocomposite materials in the detection of a wide variety of bioanalytes - Presents easily understood fundamentals of electrochemical sensing systems and the role of graphene-based nanocomposite materials in research and development

Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Sensors

Author : Samira Bagheri
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351818341
Total Pages : 157 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Sensors by : Samira Bagheri

Download or read book Nanocomposites in Electrochemical Sensors written by Samira Bagheri and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has become one of the most important fields in science. Nanoparticles exhibit unique chemical, physical and electronic properties that are different from those of bulk materials, due to their small size and better architecture. Nanoparticles can be used to construct novel sensing devices; in particular electrochemical sensors. Electrochemical detection is highly attractive for the monitoring of glucose, cancer cells, cholesterol and infectious diseases. Unique nanocomposite-based films proposed in this book open new doors to the design and fabrication of high-performance electrochemical sensors.

Electrochemical Sensors Technology

Author : Mohammed Rahman
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535131931
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (351 download)

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Book Synopsis Electrochemical Sensors Technology by : Mohammed Rahman

Download or read book Electrochemical Sensors Technology written by Mohammed Rahman and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book Electrochemical Sensors Technology mostly reviews the modem methods and significant electrochemical and electroanalytical applications of chemical sensors and biosensors. Chapters of this book are invited and contributed from the experts throughout the world from prominent researchers and scientists in the field of sensors and in the field of electro- and biochemistry. Each chapter provides technical and methodological details beyond the level found in typical journal articles or reviews and explores the application of chemical sensors, environmental sensors, and biosensors to a significant problem in biomedical and environmental science, also providing a prospectus for the future. This book compiles with the expert knowledge of many specialists in the construction and use of chemical sensors and biosensors including chemical sensors, biological sensors, DNA sensors, immunosensors, gaseous sensors, ionic sensors, bioassay sensors, lab-on-chips, devices, portable sensors, microchips, nanosensors, implantable microsensors, and so on in the field of fundamental and applied electrochemistry. Highlights and importance are laid on real or practical problems, ranging from chemical application to biomedical monitoring, from in vitro to in vivo, and from single cell to animal to human measurement. This offers a unique opportunity of exchanging and combining the scientist or researcher in electrochemical sensors in largely chemistry, biological engineering, electronic engineering, and biomedical and physiological fields.

Nanobiosensors

Author : Alexandru Grumezescu
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128043725
Total Pages : 928 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanobiosensors by : Alexandru Grumezescu

Download or read book Nanobiosensors written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-28 with total page 928 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanobiosensors: Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry, Volume 8, provides the latest information on the increasing demand for robust, rapid, inexpensive, and safe alternative technologies that monitor, test, and detect harmful or potentially dangerous foods. Due to their high sensitivity and selectivity, nanobiosensors have attracted attention for their use in monitoring not only biological contaminants in food, but also potential chemical and physical hazards. This book offers a broad overview regarding the current progress made in the field of nanosensors, including cutting-edge technological progress and the impact of these devices on the food industry. Special attention is given to the detection of microbial contaminants and harmful metabolotes, such as toxins and hormones, which have a great impact on both humans and animal health and feed. - Includes the most up-to-date information on nanoparticles based biosensors and quantum dots for biological detection - Provides application methods and techniques for research analysis for bacteriological detection and food testing - Presents studies using analytical tools to improve food safety and quality analysis

Nanobiotechnology for Sensing Applications

Author : Ajeet Kumar Kaushik
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315342200
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanobiotechnology for Sensing Applications by : Ajeet Kumar Kaushik

Download or read book Nanobiotechnology for Sensing Applications written by Ajeet Kumar Kaushik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the potential of nanosystems as a multidisciplinary science with the aim of the design and development of smart sensing technologies using micro/nano electrodes and novel nanosensing material. It discusses their integration with MEMS, miniaturized transduction systems, novel sensing strategies, and wearable sensors performing at POC for diagnostics and personalized health care monitoring. It presents basic concepts pertaining to nanobiosensor fabrication, developments in the field of smart nanomaterials, nano-enabling technologies, micro-nano hybrind platforms, and their applications in healthcare.

Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing

Author : Martin Pumera
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9814364916
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing by : Martin Pumera

Download or read book Nanomaterials for Electrochemical Sensing and Biosensing written by Martin Pumera and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology brings new possibilities for the development of sensors, biosensors, and novel electrochemical bioassays. Nanoscale materials have been extensively used in a wide variety of configurations- as electrode surfaces to promote electrochemical reaction, as "wires" to enzymes connecting their redox centers to electrode surface, as nanobarc

Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors: Properties, Applications, and Recent Advances

Author : Awais Ahmad
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128225130
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors: Properties, Applications, and Recent Advances by : Awais Ahmad

Download or read book Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors: Properties, Applications, and Recent Advances written by Awais Ahmad and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-11-19 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As opposed to conventional electrochemical sensors, nanomaterials-based sensors are active and effective in their action with even a minute concentration of analyte. A number of research studies are bringing about an evolution in their development and advancement because of their unique and effective properties. Nanoscale electrochemical sensors have applications in almost every field of life including the detection of neurochemicals, heavy metals, energy components, body fluids, biological matrices, cancer relevant biomolecules, aromatic hydrocarbons, also in playing their role in food science because of their capability in providing quality control and safety. There is a need to develop these nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors to be more widely available for accurate sensing of minute concentrations especially in the case of heavy metal detection, biofluids, and other biomaterials. This book outlines the major preparation, fabrication and manufacture of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors, as well as detailing their principle medical, environmental and industrial applications in an effort to meet this need.This book is a valuable reference source for materials scientists, engineers, electrochemists, environmental engineers and biomedical engineers who want to understand how nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors are made, and how they are used. - Explains the techniques used for the fabrication and manufacture of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors - Discusses the major applications of nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors in biomedicine and environmental science - Assesses the potential toxicity and other challenges associated with using nanomaterials-based electrochemical sensors

Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6

Author : Barbara Palys
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119469767
Total Pages : 961 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6 by : Barbara Palys

Download or read book Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6 written by Barbara Palys and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2019-07-30 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sixth volume in a series of handbooks on graphene research and applications The Handbook of Graphene, Volume 6: Biosensors and Advanced Sensors discusses the unique benefits that the discovery of graphene has brought to the sensing and biosensing sectors. It examines graphene's use in leading-edge technology applications and the development of a variety of graphene-based sensors. The handbook looks at how graphene can be used as an electrode, substrate, or transducer in sensor design. Graphene-based sensor detection has achieved up to femto-levels, with performances delivering the advantages of greater selectivity, sensitivity, and stability.

Next-Generation Nanobiosensor Devices for Point-Of-Care Diagnostics

Author : Gorachand Dutta
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811971307
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (119 download)

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Book Synopsis Next-Generation Nanobiosensor Devices for Point-Of-Care Diagnostics by : Gorachand Dutta

Download or read book Next-Generation Nanobiosensor Devices for Point-Of-Care Diagnostics written by Gorachand Dutta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-12-02 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the potential of next-generation point-of-care diagnosis in healthcare. It also discusses the printed chip-based assay (Lab-on-a-Chip, Lab-on-a-PCB) for rapid, inexpensive biomarkers detection. The book presents the development of sensory systems based on the use of nanomaterials. It examines different biosensors for medical diagnosis using surface modification strategies of transducers. It presents electrochemical concepts based on different nanobiomaterials and nanocomposites for cancer theranostics. Notably, the book examines the recent advances in wearable, cost-effective hemodynamic sensors to detect diseases at an early stage. It further explores the combination of redox cycling and electrochemical detection to develop ultrasensitive and reproducible biosensors for point-of-care testing. Finally, the book summarizes the significant challenges in the point of care diagnostics and its future opportunities in healthcare.

Application of Nanomaterials in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors

Author : Jayeeta Chattopadhyay
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000425274
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Application of Nanomaterials in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors by : Jayeeta Chattopadhyay

Download or read book Application of Nanomaterials in Chemical Sensors and Biosensors written by Jayeeta Chattopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in nanotechnology has led the nanomaterials into the realm of sensing applications. This descriptive book utilizes a multi-disciplinary approach to provide extensive information about sensors and elucidates the impact of nanotechnology on development of chemical and biosensors for diversified applications. The main focus of this book is not only the inclusion of various research works, which have already been reported in literature, but also to make a potential conclusion about the mechanism behind this. This book will serve as an invaluable tool for both frontline researchers and academicians to work towards the future development of nanotechnology in sensing devices.

Nanocomposite Materials for Sensor

Author : Manorama Singh
Publisher : Bentham Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9815050990
Total Pages : 277 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanocomposite Materials for Sensor by : Manorama Singh

Download or read book Nanocomposite Materials for Sensor written by Manorama Singh and published by Bentham Science Publishers. This book was released on 2022-04-07 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference reviews the reported literature on new approaches of nanocomposite material preparation and their applications in the development of physical, chemical, electrochemical, biological, fluorescence and colorimetric sensors. Sensor nanomaterials have been extensively used to amplify signals in the detection of a range of chemicals including toxic gases, biochemical nutrients, ions, explosives, pesticides and drugs to name a few. 14 chapter contributions highlight state-of-the-art sensors in recent years by outlining the synthesis, role and progress of nanocomposite materials in fabricating flexible and multifunctional sensing platforms in sensor technologies. Chapters first introduce the reader to nanocomposite materials and their role in making a wide array of sensors including metal-organic, graphene-based and polymeric sensors. The chapters then progress into applications of sensors for the detection of chemicals such as blood glucose, heavy metal and other toxic ions, hydrazine, humidity and explosive. Each chapter explains the required materials for electrodes and material components for a specific sensor platform with additional information about sample collection, threshold values and perspectives where appropriate. The book is intended as a compilation of knowledge for designing novel nanocomposite materials to be used as sensing platforms in sensor technologies. It serves as an informative resource for a broad range of readers including graduates and post-graduates, Ph. D. scholars, faculty members and professionals working in the area of material science, the healthcare industry, biological sciences, medical sciences, and environmental sciences.

Nanosensor Technologies for Environmental Monitoring

Author : Inamuddin
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303045116X
Total Pages : 529 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanosensor Technologies for Environmental Monitoring by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Nanosensor Technologies for Environmental Monitoring written by Inamuddin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-15 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced materials and nanotechnology is a promising, emerging field involving the use of nanoparticles to facilitate the detection of various physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, humidity, pH, metal ion, anion, small organic or inorganic molecules, gases, and biomolecules responsible for environmental issues that can lead to diseases like cancer, diabetes, osteoarthritis, bacterial infections, and brain, retinal, and cardiovascular diseases. By monitoring environmental samples and detecting these environmental issues, advanced nanotechnology in this type of sensory technology is able to improve daily quality of life. Although these sensors are commercially available for the detection of monovalent cations, anions, gases, volatile organic molecules, heavy metal ions, and toxic metal ions, many existing models require significant power and lack advanced technology for more quality selectivity and sensitivity. There is room in these sensors to optimize their selectivity, reversibility, on/off ratio, response time, and their environmental stability in real-world operating conditions. This book explores the methods for the development and design of environmentally-friendly, simple, reliable, and cost effective electrochemical nanosensors using powerful nanostructured materials. More specifically, it highlights the use of various electrochemical-based biosensor sensors involved in the detection of monovalent cations, anions, gases, volatile organic molecules, heavy metal ions, and toxic metal ions, with the ultimate goal of seeing these technologies reach market.

Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring

Author : Dr A. Pandikumar
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839163143
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring by : Dr A. Pandikumar

Download or read book Disposable Electrochemical Sensors for Healthcare Monitoring written by Dr A. Pandikumar and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-05-05 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Disposable electrodes have been widely used as a sensing platform in electrical and electrochemical sensors owing to the possibility of quantitative detection using clinical biomarkers with high precision, sensitivity and reproducibility, which are necessary for accurate diagnosis of the health condition of an individual. This book focusses on the emerging disposable electrochemical sensors in the health sector and the advancement of analytical devices to monitor diabetic, cancer and cardiovascular patients using different nanomaterials. It discusses the upcoming strategies, advantages and the limitations of the existing devices using disposable electrodes. Uniquely, it covers in-depth knowledge of mechanistic features of various designs of screen-printing electrodes and the material aspects required of sensors developed for the healthcare field. It also looks at the portable devices using a variety of materials and the future directions for research in this area. Appealing to the health care industry, this book is aimed at academic and research institutes at both the graduate and postgraduate level. The contributors are leading experts in the field and they are providing guidance for the next decade of research in the field of disposable electrochemical biosensors.

Nanobiosensors

Author : Aiguo Wu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527345140
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (273 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanobiosensors by : Aiguo Wu

Download or read book Nanobiosensors written by Aiguo Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-02-11 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Containing cutting edge research on the hot topic of nanobiosensor, this book will become highly read Biosensor research has recently re-emerged as most vibrant area in recent years particularly after the advent of novel nanomaterials of multidimensional features and compositions. Nanomaterials of different types and striking properties have played a positive role in giving the boost and accelerated pace to biosensors development technology. Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications covers several aspects of biosensors beginning from the basic concepts to advanced level research. It will help to bridge the gap between various aspects of biosensors development technology and applications. It covers biosensors related material in broad spectrum such as basic concepts, biosensors & their classification, biomarkers & their role in biosensors, nanostructures-based biosensors, applications of biosensors in human diseases, drug detection, toxins, and smart phone based biosensors. Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications will prove a source of inspiration for research on biosensors, their local level development and consequently using for practical application in different industries such as food, biomedical diagnosis, pharmaceutics, agriculture, drug discovery, forensics, etc. * Discusses the latest technology and advances in the field of nanobiosensors and their applications in human diseases, drug detection, toxins * Offers a broad and comprehensive view of cutting-edge research on advanced materials such as carbon materials, nitride based nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide based nanomaterials for the fast-developing nanobiosensors research * Goes to a wide scientific and industry audience Nanobiosensors - From Design to Applications is a resource for polymer chemists, spectroscopists, materials scientists, physical chemists, surface chemists, and surface physicists.

Nanotechnology and Biosensors

Author : Dimitrios P Nikolelis
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128138858
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Nanotechnology and Biosensors by : Dimitrios P Nikolelis

Download or read book Nanotechnology and Biosensors written by Dimitrios P Nikolelis and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-06-27 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology and Biosensors shows how nanotechnology is used to create affordable, mass-produced, portable, small sized biosensors to directly monitor environmental pollutants. In addition, it provides information on their integration into components and systems for mass market applications in food analysis, environmental monitoring and health diagnostics. Nanotechnology has led to a dramatic improvement in the performance, sensitivity and selectivity of biosensors. As metal-oxide and carbon nanostructures, gold and magnetite nanoparticles, and the integration of dendrimers in biosensors using nanotechnology have contributed greatly in making biosensors more effective and affordable on a mass-market level, this book presents a timely resource on the topic. - Highlights nanotechnology-based approaches to the detection of enzyme inhibitors, direct enzymatic and microbial detection of metabolites, and nutrients using biosensors - Includes examples on how nanotechnology has lead to improvements in the construction of portable, selective and sensitive biosensing devices - Offers thorough coverage of biomarker/biosensor interaction for the rapid detection of toxicants and pollutants