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Development And Validation Of Wecc Variable Speed Wind Turbine Dynamic Models For Grid Integration Studies
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Book Synopsis Development and Validation of WECC Variable Speed Wind Turbine Dynamic Models for Grid Integration Studies by :
Download or read book Development and Validation of WECC Variable Speed Wind Turbine Dynamic Models for Grid Integration Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes reduced-order, simplified wind turbine models for analyzing the stability impact of large arrays of wind turbines with a single point of network interconnection.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Generator System by : Jens Fortmann
Download or read book Modeling of Wind Turbines with Doubly Fed Generator System written by Jens Fortmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-22 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jens Fortmann describes the deduction of models for the grid integration of variable speed wind turbines and the reactive power control design of wind plants. The modeling part is intended as background to understand the theory, capabilities and limitations of the generic doubly fed generator and full converter wind turbine models described in the IEC 61400-27-1 and as 2nd generation WECC models that are used as standard library models of wind turbines for grid simulation software. Focus of the reactive power control part is a deduction of the origin and theory behind the reactive current requirements during faults found in almost all modern grid codes. Based on this analysis, the design of a reactive power control system for wind turbines and wind plants is deduced that can provide static and dynamic capabilities to ensure a stable voltage and reactive power control for future grids without remaining synchronous generation.
Book Synopsis WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY, THIRD EDITION by : EARNEST, JOSHUA
Download or read book WIND POWER TECHNOLOGY, THIRD EDITION written by EARNEST, JOSHUA and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "I encourage all those who will read this book, will promote both directly and indirectly the use and awareness of wind energy as a clean and viable source of electric power." —THOMAS ACKERMAN, Ph.D., Wind Power Author and Founder, Energynautics GmbH, Germany "Those who will read this book, will be well prepared to work in the wind power sector and participate in the important task to develop a renewable energy system which can stop the global climate change." —TORE WIZELIUS, Wind Power Author, Teacher and Wind Project Developer, Sweden "This book provides a valuable technical information on small wind turbines that will allow students to become amateur wind engineers and entrepreneurs in this growing industry." —Urban Green Energy, USA This comprehensive textbook, now in its third edition, incorporates significant improvements based on the readers' suggestions and demands. It provides engineering students with the principles of different types of grid connected renewable energy sources and, in particular, the detailed underpinning knowledge required to understand the different types of grid connected wind turbines. New to the Third Edition • Revised Chapter 1 providing considerable amount of current information and technologies related to various types of renewable energy technologies • One new chapter on 'Electronics in Renewable Energy Systems' (Chapter 15) Designed as a textbook for Renewable Energy courses offered in the most of the Indian universities, the book not only serves for the one-semester stream-specific course on Renewable Energy or Wind Energy for diploma and senior level undergraduate students of electrical, mechanical, electronics and instrumentation engineering, but also for the postgraduate engineering students undertaking energy studies. TARGET AUDIENCE • B.Tech/M.Tech (EEE/ECE/ME) • Diploma (engineering)
Book Synopsis Power Electronics for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems by : Sudipta Chakraborty
Download or read book Power Electronics for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems written by Sudipta Chakraborty and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While most books approach power electronics and renewable energy as two separate subjects, Power Electronics for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems takes an integrative approach; discussing power electronic converters topologies, controls and integration that are specific to the renewable and distributed energy system applications. An overview of power electronic technologies is followed by the introduction of various renewable and distributed energy resources that includes photovoltaics, wind, small hydroelectric, fuel cells, microturbines and variable speed generation. Energy storage systems such as battery and fast response storage systems are discussed along with application-specific examples. After setting forth the fundamentals, the chapters focus on more complex topics such as modular power electronics, microgrids and smart grids for integrating renewable and distributed energy. Emerging topics such as advanced electric vehicles and distributed control paradigm for power system control are discussed in the last two chapters. With contributions from subject matter experts, the diagrams and detailed examples provided in each chapter make Power Electronics for Renewable and Distributed Energy Systems a sourcebook for electrical engineers and consultants working to deploy various renewable and distributed energy systems and can serve as a comprehensive guide for the upper-level undergraduates and graduate students across the globe.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Control Aspects of Wind Power Systems by : S. M. Muyeen
Download or read book Modeling and Control Aspects of Wind Power Systems written by S. M. Muyeen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the recent development and progress of the wind energy conversion system. The chapters are contributed by prominent researchers in the field of wind energy and cover grid integration issues, modern control theories applied in wind energy conversion system, and dynamic and transient stability studies. Modeling and control strategies of different variable speed wind generators such as switched reluctance generator, permanent magnet synchronous generator, doubly-fed induction generator, including the suitable power electronic converter topologies for grid integration, are discussed. Real time control study of wind farm using Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) is also included in the book, along with Fault ride through, street light application, integrated power flow solutions, direct power control, wireless coded deadbeat power control, and other interesting topics.
Book Synopsis Validation of Wind Power Plant Dynamic Models by : Eduard Muljadi
Download or read book Validation of Wind Power Plant Dynamic Models written by Eduard Muljadi and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of proprietary models to represent installed wind power plants is incompatible with critical grid planning activities that are conducted by regional reliability organizations as a collaborative effort among many stakeholders. In this context, the use of generic or simplified models is desirable. To address this industry need, the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) has embarked on the development of generic positive sequence WTG models for large-scale power system transient stability analysis. As an integral part of this WECC activity, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is engaged in a model validation effort. This paper discusses the process of model validation against field measurements.
Book Synopsis Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power by : Qiuwei Wu
Download or read book Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power written by Qiuwei Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-02-05 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference to the modeling techniques of wind turbine systems for the application of advanced control methods This book covers the modeling of wind power and application of modern control methods to the wind power control—specifically the models of type 3 and type 4 wind turbines. The modeling aspects will help readers to streamline the wind turbine and wind power plant modeling, and reduce the burden of power system simulations to investigate the impact of wind power on power systems. The use of modern control methods will help technology development, especially from the perspective of manufactures. Chapter coverage includes: status of wind power development, grid code requirements for wind power integration; modeling and control of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine generator (WTG); optimal control strategy for load reduction of full scale converter (FSC) WTG; clustering based WTG model linearization; adaptive control of wind turbines for maximum power point tracking (MPPT); distributed model predictive active power control of wind power plants and energy storage systems; model predictive voltage control of wind power plants; control of wind power plant clusters; and fault ride-through capability enhancement of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants. Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power also features tables, illustrations, case studies, and an appendix showing a selection of typical test systems and the code of adaptive and distributed model predictive control. Analyzes the developments in control methods for wind turbines (focusing on type 3 and type 4 wind turbines) Provides an overview of the latest changes in grid code requirements for wind power integration Reviews the operation characteristics of the FSC and DFIG WTG Presents production efficiency improvement of WTG under uncertainties and disturbances with adaptive control Deals with model predictive active and reactive power control of wind power plants Describes enhanced control of VSC HVDC connected offshore wind power plants Modeling and Modern Control of Wind Power is ideal for PhD students and researchers studying the field, but is also highly beneficial to engineers and transmission system operators (TSOs), wind turbine manufacturers, and consulting companies.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Modeling and Characterization of a Wind Turbine System Leading to Controls Development by : Greg Semrau
Download or read book Dynamic Modeling and Characterization of a Wind Turbine System Leading to Controls Development written by Greg Semrau and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "With the growing energy demand and need to decrease greenhouse gas emissions there has been a rise in the popularity of renewable energy systems. One of the most popular renewable energy systems over the past decade has been the wind turbine. Technological advances in modeling, prediction, sensing and control combined with the current shift towards decentralized power have prompted development of wind energy systems. Decentralized distribution allows for lower transmission losses because of the closer proximity to the consumer and greater regional control. The wind turbine has positioned itself as the leading energy system to serve as a cornerstone in the development of decentralized energy distribution. This research focuses on the development of a nonlinear dynamic model of a variable speed wind turbine. The modeling effort is followed by model validation against published data. Subsequently, benchmark control problems and existing control strategies are reviewed from literature. Emphasis is placed on variable speed form of operation. Control strategies are studied for two different operating modes of a wind turbine, namely operations below and above the rated-speed. For the former case control design is based on power maximization and for the latter the control design is based on power regulation. For each case, standard control strategies appearing in literature for individual operating regimes are implemented, and thereafter focus is placed on robust performance. Subsequently attempts are made to design new and/or improved strategies. The new control strategies proposed in this research are based on principles from nonlinear control. Furthermore, the research attempts to apply certain relatively new techniques such as extremum-seeking-control to the wind-turbine application. Finally, the research proposes a switching method to combine the control strategies for individual operating regimes."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Wind Energy Systems by : Mario Garcia-Sanz
Download or read book Wind Energy Systems written by Mario Garcia-Sanz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 635 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest developments in the field, Wind Energy Systems: Control Engineering Design offers a novel take on advanced control engineering design techniques for wind turbine applications. The book introduces concurrent quantitative engineering techniques for the design of highly efficient and reliable controllers, which can be used to solve the most critical problems of multi-megawatt wind energy systems. This book is based on the authors’ experience during the last two decades designing commercial multi-megawatt wind turbines and control systems for industry leaders, including NASA and the European Space Agency. This work is their response to the urgent need for a truly reliable concurrent engineering methodology for the design of advanced control systems. Outlining a roadmap for such a coordinated architecture, the authors consider the links between all aspects of a multi-megawatt wind energy project, in which the wind turbine and the control system must be cooperatively designed to achieve an optimized, reliable, and successful system. Look inside for links to a free download of QFTCT—a new interactive CAD tool for QFT controller design with MATLAB® that the authors developed with the European Space Agency. The textbook’s big-picture insights can help students and practicing engineers control and optimize a wind energy system, in which large, flexible, aerodynamic structures are connected to a demanding variable electrical grid and work automatically under very turbulent and unpredictable environmental conditions. The book covers topics including robust QFT control, aerodynamics, mechanical and electrical dynamic modeling, economics, reliability, and efficiency. It also addresses standards, certification, implementation, grid integration, and power quality, as well as environmental and maintenance issues. To reinforce understanding, the authors present real examples of experimentation with commercial multi-megawatt direct-drive wind turbines, as well as on-shore, offshore, floating, and airborne wind turbine applications. They also offer a unique in-depth exploration of the quantitative feedback theory (QFT)—a proven, successful robust control technique for real-world applications—as well as advanced switching control techniques that help engineers exceed classical linear limitations.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Modelling of Wind Farms by : Sizhen Zhao
Download or read book Dynamic Modelling of Wind Farms written by Sizhen Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of representative wind turbine models is important to assess realistic impacts of large penetration of wind energy on power systems. During the past decade, several computer models representing different types of wind turbine have become available. One issue is that these models have not been standardised amongst manufacturers. The existing ambiguities in the modelling of wind turbine generators and their effects on simulation results have to be studied in detail. The main goal of this thesis is concerned with the understanding, modelling and grid impacts of large wind farms containing a great number of wind turbines in a power transmission network. In particular, generic models of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are developed for time-domain simulations and are implemented in the standard power system simulation software DIgSILENT PowerFactory. The results show that the developed models are able to simulate DFIG responses with sufficient accuracy. Response accuracy of the developed models is validated against detailed models and, in some cases, against field measurement data. Different influencing factors of dynamic reactive power compensation are also investigated. It is found that the fault ride-through capability of a wind farm can be generally improved by a mix of static and dynamic reactive compensation systems. A new aggregation approach based on generator speed deviation is also proposed. The results reveal that better performance is achieved by the multi-machine equivalents than the single machine model. The single machine model fails to account for the dynamic response of wind turbines when there is a sudden disconnection of wind generator units during grid disturbances. The proposed technique could have value for representing large wind farms on a consistent basis. The short-circuit models using symmetrical components are developed for DFIG-based wind farms. These models are useful for the system operator to determine whether the wind farm meets the requirements of recently proposed grid codes. The impact of the model-related difference on basic protection requirements of DFIG are further investigated. Finally, an important contribution on model validation using naturally occurring power system disturbances is demonstrated. It is found that the generic models in their present form are capable of capturing the main dynamic responses and control features of the wind generators. It is also observed that the specific control/protection functions of the detailed models require additional verification if these models are to be used for actual wind integration studies.
Book Synopsis Understanding Dynamic Model Validation of a Wind Turbine Generator and a Wind Power Plant: Preprint by :
Download or read book Understanding Dynamic Model Validation of a Wind Turbine Generator and a Wind Power Plant: Preprint written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Regional reliability organizations require power plants to validate the dynamic models that represent them to ensure that power systems studies are performed to the best representation of the components installed. In the process of validating a wind power plant (WPP), one must be cognizant of the parameter settings of the wind turbine generators (WTGs) and the operational settings of the WPP. Validating the dynamic model of a WPP is required to be performed periodically. This is because the control parameters of the WTGs and the other supporting components within a WPP may be modified to comply with new grid codes or upgrades to the WTG controller with new capabilities developed by the turbine manufacturers or requested by the plant owners or operators. The diversity within a WPP affects the way we represent it in a model. Diversity within a WPP may be found in the way the WTGs are controlled, the wind resource, the layout of the WPP (electrical diversity), and the type of WTGs used. Each group of WTGs constitutes a significant portion of the output power of the WPP, and their unique and salient behaviors should be represented individually. The objective of this paper is to illustrate the process of dynamic model validations of WTGs and WPPs, the available data recorded that must be screened before it is used for the dynamic validations, and the assumptions made in the dynamic models of the WTG and WPP that must be understood. Without understanding the correct process, the validations may lead to the wrong representations of the WTG and WPP modeled.
Book Synopsis Modeling of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms by : Emilio Gomez-Lazaro
Download or read book Modeling of Wind Turbines and Wind Farms written by Emilio Gomez-Lazaro and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind Power Plant (WPP) and Wind Turbine (WT) modeling are becoming of key importance due to the relevant wind-generation impact on power systems. Wind integration into power systems must be carefully analyzed to forecast the effects on grid stability and reliability. Different agents, such as Transmission System Operators (TSOs) and Distribution System Operators (DSOs), focus on transient analyses. Wind turbine manufacturers, power system software developers, and technical consultants are also involved. WPP and WT dynamic models are often divided into two types: detailed and simplified. Detailed models are used for Electro-Magnetic Transient (EMT) simulations, providing both electrical and mechanical responses with high accuracy during short time intervals. Simplified models, also known as standard or generic models, are designed to give reliable responses, avoiding high computational resources. Simplified models are commonly used by TSOs and DSOs to carry out different transient stability studies, including loss of generation, switching of power lines or balanced faults, etc., Assessment and validation of such dynamic models is also a major issue due to the importance and difficulty of collecting real data. Solutions facing all these challenges, including the development, validation and application of WT and WPP models are presented in this Issue.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Equivalent Wind Farm Models for Planning, Operation, and Post-fault Analyses by : Yuhao Zhou
Download or read book Dynamic Equivalent Wind Farm Models for Planning, Operation, and Post-fault Analyses written by Yuhao Zhou and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With high penetration level of the wind power energy in the power grid, it is necessary to develop robust dynamic wind farm models for stability analysis under different scenarios. However, one single wind generator (WG) contains many parameter and control loops, it's impractical to apply such detailed high-order model of individual wind turbine for dynamic stability analysis due to its computational burden and availability of the data. Therefore, there's a need for deriving the dynamic equivalent model (DEM) for the wind farm. In the real world, a wind farm may contain different types of WGs coming from different manufactures/vendors with crowbar protection schemes, this makes dynamic equivalent modeling process very challenging and difficult. Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) proposed 4 types of WG's generic models. In this article-based dissertation, the WECC's generic models are applied, and the proposed detailed procedures of deriving the DEM for power grids'planning, operation and post-fault analysis are presented in 4 published research papers. In the first paper, the single-machine DEM for a wind farm containing type-3 doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) coming from the same manufacture/vendor was conducted. The parameter identification for the derived DEM was performed by adopting the novel heuristic optimization algorithm, which aims at minimizing the differences of the dynamic responses measured at the point of interconnection (POI) between the detailed wind farm model and the derived DEM. Moreover, to make it more practical and robust considering the realistic scenario that only portion of the WGs are online, the proportion estimation analysis was adopted, which aims at adaptively modifying the ratings of the DEM to improve its robustness.To further improve the feasibility of the proposed method, a multistage dynamic equivalent modeling method for a wind farm consists of different types of WGs coming from different manufactures/vendors was presented in the second paper. Sensitivity analysis was applied for choosing the key parameters to improve the speed of the model validation process. Besides, the wake effect model was considered regarding the robustness of the derived DEM. Since type-3 WGs (DFIG) usually adopt the crowbar protection scheme regarding the low voltage ride through (LVRT) requirement and the over current protection of the rotor in the generator, it will affect the dynamic response of the DFIG. However, there's no crowbar circuit component in WECC's generic models. To enhance the applicability of the model, the third and fourth papers in this dissertation add the crowbar circuit component into the WECC's type-3 generic model to derive the DEM of the DFIG wind farms considering the crowbar protection. In the third paper, the wind speed distribution inside the wind farm is assumed to be known, and thus an improved multi-machine DEM was developed to improve the accuracy and robustness. In the fourth paper, the DEM was developed for the post-fault analysis of the wind farm based on the crowbar circuit's triggering waveforms if the previous assumption about the wind speed distribution inside the wind farm was unknown.
Book Synopsis Variable Speed Wind by : J.T.G. Pierik
Download or read book Variable Speed Wind written by J.T.G. Pierik and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Control and Operation of Grid-Connected Wind Farms by : John N. Jiang
Download or read book Control and Operation of Grid-Connected Wind Farms written by John N. Jiang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the point of view of grid integration and operation, this monograph advances the subject of wind energy control from the individual-unit to the wind-farm level. The basic objectives and requirements for successful integration of wind energy with existing power grids are discussed, followed by an overview of the state of the art, proposed solutions and challenges yet to be resolved. At the individual-turbine level, a nonlinear controller based on feedback linearization, uncertainty estimation and gradient-based optimization is shown robustly to control both active and reactive power outputs of variable-speed turbines with doubly-fed induction generators. Heuristic coordination of the output of a wind farm, represented by a single equivalent turbine with energy storage to optimize and smooth the active power output is presented. A generic approximate model of wind turbine control developed using system identification techniques is proposed to advance research and facilitate the treatment of control issues at the wind-farm level. A supervisory wind-farm controller is then introduced with a view to maximizing and regulating active power output under normal operating conditions and unusual contingencies. This helps to make the individual turbines cooperate in such as way that the overall output of the farm accurately tracks a reference and/or is statistically as smooth as possible to improve grid reliability. The text concludes with an overall discussion of the promise of advanced wind-farm control techniques in making wind an economic energy source and beneficial influence on grid performance. The challenges that warrant further research are succinctly enumerated. Control and Operation of Grid-Connected Wind Farms is primarily intended for researchers from a systems and control background wishing to apply their expertise to the area of wind-energy generation. At the same time, coverage of contemporary solutions to fundamental operational problems will benefit power/energy engineers endeavoring to promote wind as a reliable and clean source of electrical power.
Book Synopsis Study of Stability Analysis of a Grid-connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Small Wind Farm by : Baishakhi Dhar
Download or read book Study of Stability Analysis of a Grid-connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG)-based Small Wind Farm written by Baishakhi Dhar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wind is the most reliable, clean and fast-developing renewable energy source. The DFIG-based variable speed wind turbine system is now the most popular in wind power industry. With power being so in-demanding, a large wind farm needs to be developed to produce more power from a stable system. But before such a large wind farm is installed, better understanding is needed of the system's intrinsic dynamic behavior, range of stability region and parametric effects on system stability. Hence, a small wind farm with two identical DFIG-based wind turbines connected to a grid network has been considered for this study. A detailed non-linear mathematical model of grid-connected single DFIG-based wind turbine system as well as a grid-connected multi DFIG-based wind turbine system in a dq-frame has been developed. Linearization of these non-linear mathematical models for both the systems has been performed from the set of developed non-linear equations. These two linearized dynamic models provide an analytical platform for determining the robustness and stability of the two systems. The linearized models are then verified with the simulation results of non-linear systems designed in a PSCAD/EMTDC environment. This step is needed to check the performance accuracy of the linearized models. The small-signal stability, the system's parametric effects on stability and the modal analysis of two developed linearized models have been studied. Participation factor analysis has been employed to determine system parametric effects on each eigenmode. The intrinsic dynamic behavior of a single wind turbine connected to a grid and multi wind turbines connected to a grid (a small wind farm) are observed to be identical in nature at the same operating conditions and system parameters.
Book Synopsis Dynamic Models of Wind Turbines by : Abram Perdana
Download or read book Dynamic Models of Wind Turbines written by Abram Perdana and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
