Developing Windows 3 Applications with Microsoft SDK

Download Developing Windows 3 Applications with Microsoft SDK PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 : 9780672228025
Total Pages : 1092 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (28 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developing Windows 3 Applications with Microsoft SDK by : Brent Rector

Download or read book Developing Windows 3 Applications with Microsoft SDK written by Brent Rector and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1992 with total page 1092 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn step-by-step how to program with the Windows 3.0 Software Developer's Kit. As an expert tutorial, it provides programmers with the techniques needed to develop efficient, effective, and productive Windows applications. Customization tips and advice are also included.

Beginning Windows 8 Application Development

Download Beginning Windows 8 Application Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118235622
Total Pages : 626 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Beginning Windows 8 Application Development by : István Novák

Download or read book Beginning Windows 8 Application Development written by István Novák and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-09-06 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn to use exciting new development tools and create applications for Windows 8 If you're a beginning developer, there's no better place to get up to speed on the Windows 8 SDK than this Wrox guide. A team of Microsoft experts provides a complete course in Windows 8 programming, helping you take full advantage of the innovative new SDK. Written in an easy-to-read style, this book is packed with reusable examples that showcase the endless possibilities of the Windows SDK and also introduces the new Windows 8 app store. It explains how to set up the development environment and covers user interface design, using special effects and graphics, working with C# and C++, and much more. Provides a complete introduction to the Windows SDK and Windows 8, starting with setting up the development environment and building your first application Covers user interface design, touch- and event-driven design elements, leveraging windows-based services, and offline application development with HTML 5 Explores creating C# applications for the Windows 8 system, XNA 4 and Silverlight 5 considerations, and the role of C++ Shows how to debug, certify and deploy your applications Introduces the new Windows 8 app store and offers advice on marketing your apps Beginning Windows 8 Application Development is perfect for anyone who's ready to get started developing apps for the exciting new Windows 8 OS.

Developing Windows 3.1 Applications with Microsoft C/C++

Download Developing Windows 3.1 Applications with Microsoft C/C++ PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1370 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developing Windows 3.1 Applications with Microsoft C/C++ by : Brent Rector

Download or read book Developing Windows 3.1 Applications with Microsoft C/C++ written by Brent Rector and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1992 with total page 1370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely updated to cover all the new areas of Windows 3.1 application development. Offers detailed coverage of Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) and dynamic data exchange (DDE).

Learn WinUI 3

Download Learn WinUI 3 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1805129708
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Learn WinUI 3 by : Alvin Ashcraft

Download or read book Learn WinUI 3 written by Alvin Ashcraft and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2023-10-31 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlock the power of WinUI and supercharge your Windows app development with .NET and C# using this beginner's guide Key Features Find out how to create modern Windows apps with native UI controls Get to grips with modernizing existing desktop apps with a modern UI Leverage WinUI code to build apps for iOS, Android, the web, and more Purchase of the print or Kindle book includes a free PDF eBook Book DescriptionWinUI 3 takes a whole new approach to delivering Windows UI components and controls and has the ability to deliver the same features across multiple versions of Windows. Learn WinUI 3 is a comprehensive introduction to WinUI and Windows apps for anyone who is new to WinUI and XAML applications. This updated second edition begins by helping you get to grips with the latest features in WinUI and shows you how XAML is used in UI development. The next set of chapters will help you set up a new Visual Studio environment, develop a new desktop project, incorporate the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern in a WinUI project, and develop unit tests for ViewModel commands. Next, you’ll cover the basics of data access from WinUI projects with a step-by-step approach. As you advance, you’ll discover how to leverage the Fluent Design System to design beautiful WinUI applications. You’ll also explore the contents and capabilities of the Windows Community Toolkit and learn how to create cross-platform apps with markup and code from your project using Uno Platform. The concluding chapters will teach you how to build, debug, and deploy apps to the Microsoft Store. By the end of this book, you’ll have learned how to build WinUI applications from scratch and how to modernize existing desktop apps using WinUI 3 and the Windows App SDK.What you will learn Discover the latest features of WinUI 3 and learn how to provide product feedback Understand the WinUI project structure and the app lifecycle Use the MVVM pattern in WinUI and discover open source MVVM projects Find out how to create a simple data store to save app data between sessions Get to grips with incorporating the concepts of Fluent Design into a WinUI app Discover how to use push notifications and app notifications in WinUI Reuse WinUI views and view models in a cross-platform Uno Platform app Who this book is for This book is for anyone looking to develop applications for Windows with a modern UI. If you’re familiar with Windows desktop app development and want to enhance your knowledge of the latest Windows development techniques, this book is for you. Whether you're starting a new project or planning to modernize your existing Windows apps, this book will provide you with guidance. Hands-on experience with C# and .NET is expected, but no prior knowledge of WinUI or the Windows App SDK is required.

PC Mag

Download PC Mag PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis PC Mag by :

Download or read book PC Mag written by and published by . This book was released on 1993-06-15 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PCMag.com is a leading authority on technology, delivering Labs-based, independent reviews of the latest products and services. Our expert industry analysis and practical solutions help you make better buying decisions and get more from technology.

Windows 8 Application Development with HTML5 For Dummies

Download Windows 8 Application Development with HTML5 For Dummies PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118239954
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Windows 8 Application Development with HTML5 For Dummies by : Bill Sempf

Download or read book Windows 8 Application Development with HTML5 For Dummies written by Bill Sempf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-11-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The fast and easy guide for creating Windows 8 apps using popular technologies! This book offers a primer for building HTML5, CSS3 and JavaScript applications for Windows 8. It includes an up-to-date guide for dusting off an aging HTML skill set and adapting to the Windows 8 apps and provides a reference for Windows and .NET programmers not familiar with HTML5. The overall design principles of MetroUI (the new design paradigm for Windows) are discussed. The book also addresses visual design with HTML and CSS, which are the visual design languages to bring MetroUI applications to the screen. Finally, there is a section on using JavaScript for inter- and intra-functional components. Contains the design principles for MetroUI, the new design paradigm for Windows The author is an enterprise architect, seasoned programmer and web developer who specializes in implementing Microsoft solutions at his client sites Shows how to develop HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript applications for Windows 8 This is the ideal resource for current Microsoft developers who need a primer or refresher for developing in HTML and JavaScript for Windows.

Building End-to-End Apps with C# 11 and .NET 7

Download Building End-to-End Apps with C# 11 and .NET 7 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BPB Publications
ISBN 13 : 9355516371
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Building End-to-End Apps with C# 11 and .NET 7 by : Arun Gupta

Download or read book Building End-to-End Apps with C# 11 and .NET 7 written by Arun Gupta and published by BPB Publications. This book was released on 2023-11-28 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Learn how to use C# 11 to build apps for any platform, from the ground up KEY FEATURES ● Discover the latest C# 11 features and improvements. ● Master C# application development in Visual Studio 2022 with engaging and relatable examples. ● Learn how to test and deploy C# applications with ease. DESCRIPTION C# 11 is the latest version of C#, a popular programming language for building cloud, web, and desktop applications. It is a powerful and versatile language that can create a wide range of applications, from simple command-line tools to complex enterprise systems. This book teaches you how to use C# 11, the latest version of C#, to build real-world applications. It introduces the new language features in C# 11, such as global using directives, file-scoped namespaces, and top-level statements. Then, it shows you how to use these features to write code that is more concise and expressive. Next, the book teaches you how to build various applications using C# 11, including web apps, mobile apps, desktop apps, and machine learning models. You'll learn to use ASP.NET Core, gRPC, Blazor, Angular, WPF, WinUI 3, .NET MAUI, and ML.NET. Throughout the book, you'll also learn the best practices for writing clean, efficient, and maintainable codes. By the end of the book, you will have a deep understanding of C# 11 and how to use it to build a wide range of cloud, web, and desktop applications. WHAT YOU WILL LEARN ● Get an overview of the new language enhancements in C# 11. ● Create simple applications from start to finish using a built-in project template step-by-step. ● Learn related concepts, and be aware of the nuances, pitfalls, and workarounds while creating each application. ● Reflect on the testing and deployment strategies for each application type. ● Challenge yourself to think deeper and learn more with end-of-chapter exercises. WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR This book is for experienced C# programmers who want to learn about the latest enhancements to the language, project types, tools, technologies, and design approaches. The book assumes readers are familiar with C# and can build applications using the .NET Platform in Visual Studio. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. New Features in C# 11 2. ASP.NET Core Web App 3. ASP.NET Core Web API 4. gRPC Service 5. Blazor WebAssembly 6. SPA with Angular 7. WPF Application 8. WinUI 3 9. .NET MAUI 10. ML.NET

Real World Windows 10 Development

Download Real World Windows 10 Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1484214498
Total Pages : 617 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (842 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Real World Windows 10 Development by : Edward Moemeka

Download or read book Real World Windows 10 Development written by Edward Moemeka and published by Apress. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing XAML and C#, this book provides readers with all the tools, ideas, and inspiration to begin Windows Universal App development for Windows 10. Real World Windows 10 Development addresses developers who want to break into this market by providing detailed explanations of the various aspects of Universal App development. Written by authors with deep knowledge in Windows 10 universal app development, you will learn how to make the most of the Windows 10 SDK to build applications that can be published on IoT devices, phones, tablets, laptops, desktops, Xbox, HoloLens, and the Surface Hub. Readers will learn how to: Extend the appeal of their native, web-based, or universal apps with media, shell integration, and inter-app communications Build adaptive user interfaces that scale to the screen dimensions they are displayed on Monitize your apps Introduce mapping What if you already have pre-existing software in the form of native win32 applications or a website? Real World Windows 10 Development tackles this by providing detailed tutorials on the approaches used to leverage your existing code investment. Finally, Real World Windows 10 Development provides a step-by-step walk through of the various approaches developers can use to distribute their universal apps. In this book, you’ll get: Detailed descriptions of Windows 10 app development Samples emphasizing the use of XAML/C# Adherence to Windows 10 guidelines for successful app acceptance

Pro Windows Phone App Development

Download Pro Windows Phone App Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1430247835
Total Pages : 551 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pro Windows Phone App Development by : Falafel Software

Download or read book Pro Windows Phone App Development written by Falafel Software and published by Apress. This book was released on 2013-09-30 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Windows Phone 8 platform provides a remarkable opportunity for Windows developers to create state-of-the-art mobile applications using their existing skills and a familiar toolset. Pro Windows Phone App Development, Third Edition, helps you unlock the potential of this platform and create dazzling, visually rich, and highly functional applications for the Windows Phone Store and bring you up to speed on the new features the Windows Phone 8 API provides. For developers new to the Windows Phone platform—whether with .NET, iOS, or Android experience—this book starts by introducing the requirements, specifications, and basics of Windows Phone development, and then leads you through the complete application development process, using an array of complementary technologies and Microsoft’s modern-style app design. Along the way, you'll learn how to Use Microsoft technologies like XAML, .NET, Visual Studio 2012, and Expression Blend effectively to develop modern-style Windows Phone apps Take advantage of the device's sensors with the location service, accelerometer, and touch Make your apps location-aware using GPS data Develop rich media applications that harness the graphics capabilities of Windows Phone models Design and develop Windows Phone applications using the Model-View-ViewModel architecture Publish and sell your application through the Windows Phone Store Whether you're a Microsoft developer, an iOS or Android developer, or someone with prior Windows Phone experience, Pro Windows Phone App Development, Third Edition, is an ideal guide for mastering the Windows Phone 8 platform and compelling Windows Phone app development.

Modernizing Your Windows Applications with the Windows App SDK and WinUI

Download Modernizing Your Windows Applications with the Windows App SDK and WinUI PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Packt Publishing Ltd
ISBN 13 : 1803247770
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Modernizing Your Windows Applications with the Windows App SDK and WinUI by : Matteo Pagani

Download or read book Modernizing Your Windows Applications with the Windows App SDK and WinUI written by Matteo Pagani and published by Packt Publishing Ltd. This book was released on 2022-04-29 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Use Windows App SDK and WinUI 3 to take your existing Windows desktop applications to the next level by enabling a modern and accessible UI and integrating the latest Windows features like WinML and Windows Hello Key FeaturesImprove your apps and enable them to support modern devices with features such as touch screens and responsive UIIntegrate your app with the latest Windows innovations using modern tools and the newest C# featuresReuse your existing knowledge in .NET, C#, and Visual Studio to create new Windows appsBook Description If you're a developer looking to improve and modernize your existing LOB applications to leverage modern Windows features without having to rewrite the entire application from scratch, this book is for you. You'll learn how to modernize your existing Windows Forms, WPF, and UWP applications and enrich them with the latest Windows features. Starting with sample LOB applications that cover common scenarios, you'll learn the differences between various components and then focus on design features for improved visual aspects like accessibility and responsive layouts. The book shows you how to enhance your existing applications using Windows App SDK components and various Windows APIs, resulting in deeper integration with the operating system. You'll be taking a closer look at WinML, which enables Windows applications to evaluate machine learning models offline and leverage the power of your machine, or notifications, to engage with your users in a more effective way. You'll also learn how to make your application deployment-ready by distributing it using various platforms like the Microsoft Store or websites. By the end of this Windows book, you'll be able to create a migration plan for your existing Windows applications and put your knowledge to work by enhancing your application with new features and integrating them with the Windows ecosystem. What you will learnUnderstand the key concepts of the Windows App SDK and WinUIIntegrate new features by creating new applications or by enhancing your existing onesRevamp your app's UI by adopting Fluent Design and new interaction paradigms such as touch and inkingUse notifications to engage with your users more effectivelyIntegrate your app with the Windows ecosystem using the Windows App SDKUse WinML to boost your tasks using artificial intelligenceDeploy your application in LOB and customer-facing scenarios with MSIXWho this book is for This book is for developers who are building Windows applications with Windows Forms, WPF, and UWP and would like to evolve and modernize their applications, but aren't able to rebuild them from scratch. This book focuses on Line-of-Business scenarios. Basic knowledge of Windows app development, .NET/C#, and Visual Studio will help you understand the concepts covered in this book.

Location Aware Apps for Tourism

Download Location Aware Apps for Tourism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Lulu.com
ISBN 13 : 1291083472
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Location Aware Apps for Tourism by : Cathal Greaney

Download or read book Location Aware Apps for Tourism written by Cathal Greaney and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2012-09-19 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the usefulness of the modern smartphone for providing location aware applications to the tourist as an end user. During the course of this book it has been demonstrated that the modern smartphone has the accuracy and responsiveness required to provide excellent location aware functionality to the tourist end user. The GPS section outlines how a developer can leverage this functionality to make apps that use close quarter location positioning to help the average tourist in a host of different ways. It has also been demonstrated that bluetooth and other technologies such as QR coding are effective at providing location aware functionality in situations where GNSS(GPS) is ineffective, such as in indoor environments. Lastly, the book outlines how an engineer could provide augmented location services when GPS is not available by using the RSSI signal from Bluetooth devices.

Silverlight 3 Programmer's Reference

Download Silverlight 3 Programmer's Reference PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118059700
Total Pages : 610 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (18 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Silverlight 3 Programmer's Reference by : J. Ambrose Little

Download or read book Silverlight 3 Programmer's Reference written by J. Ambrose Little and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This valuable reference—in full color—explains the major new release of Silverlight 3 which is dramatically improved over previous versions and makes the development of powerful Rich Interactive Applications (RIAs) achievable for everyone. Packed with examples and written by a highly-seasoned team of developers and designers, this book guides you through the languages, tools, and techniques that are used to build applications on the Silverlight 3 platform (Build 40522). Each chapter provides a mini-tutorial on the respective topic, and the examples serve to both educate and inspire you. The information in this book is structured to help prepare you for the real-world challenges you may face when building applications on the Silverlight platform. By the end of the book, you’ll have gained a thorough understanding of how Silverlight applications are architected, developed, and designed. This book covers: · XAML basics · Silverlight 3 Tools for Visual Studio 2008, Expression Blend 3 and Silverlight Runtime and SDK Transforming text with render transforms · Using graphics, visuals and adding media for a richer user experience · Building application, making it come alive and responding to user activity · Setting up a control project and using a custom control in an application

InfoWorld

Download InfoWorld PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis InfoWorld by :

Download or read book InfoWorld written by and published by . This book was released on 1990-09-03 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: InfoWorld is targeted to Senior IT professionals. Content is segmented into Channels and Topic Centers. InfoWorld also celebrates people, companies, and projects.

Introduction to Computing Applications in Forestry and Natural Resource Management

Download Introduction to Computing Applications in Forestry and Natural Resource Management PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351849336
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Introduction to Computing Applications in Forestry and Natural Resource Management by : Jingxin Wang

Download or read book Introduction to Computing Applications in Forestry and Natural Resource Management written by Jingxin Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-01 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the complexity of operational forestry problems, computing applications are becoming pervasive in all aspects of forest and natural resource management. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to computers and their applications in forest and natural resource management and is designed for both undergraduate and graduate students in forestry and natural resources. It introduces state-of-the-art applications for several of the most important computer technologies in terms of data acquisition, data manipulation, basic programming techniques, and other related computer and Internet concepts and applications. This book consists of six parts and 19 chapters.

Developing Windows Applications with Borland C++3

Download Developing Windows Applications with Borland C++3 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Prentice Hall
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1404 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Developing Windows Applications with Borland C++3 by : James W. McCord

Download or read book Developing Windows Applications with Borland C++3 written by James W. McCord and published by Prentice Hall. This book was released on 1992 with total page 1404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extensive reference section highlights tutorials and advice--so all C++ programmers can successfully build their own Windows applications. The code examples, illustrations, and exercises to reinforce learning cover all facets through Borland C++ 2.0.

Apache Cordova 3 programming

Download Apache Cordova 3 programming PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Pearson Education
ISBN 13 : 0321957369
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (219 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Apache Cordova 3 programming by : John M. Wargo

Download or read book Apache Cordova 3 programming written by John M. Wargo and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 2013 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers PhoneGap 3.X Written for experienced mobile developers, Apache Cordova 3 Programming is a complete introduction to Apache Cordova 3 and Adobe PhoneGap 3. It describes what makes Cordova important and shows how to install and use the tools, the new Cordova CLI, the native SDKs, and more. If you're brand new to Cordova, this book will be just what you need to get started. If you're familiar with an older version of Cordova, this book will show you in detail how to use all of the new stuff that's in Cordova 3 plus stuff that has been around for a while (like the Cordova core APIs). After walking you through the process of downloading and setting up the framework, mobile expert John M. Wargo shows you how to install and use the command line tools to manage the Cordova application lifecycle and how to set up and use development environments for several of the more popular Cordova supported mobile device platforms. Of special interest to new developers are the chapters on the anatomy of a Cordova application, as well as the mechanics of Cordova development. Wargo also covers the development process and the tools you can use to test and debug your Cordova applications, and provides a complete chapter that introduces the Cordova APIs, in addition to a chapter that shows you how to create your own plugins. Filled with lots of examples and code, the book includes includes complete coverage of Android, iOS, BlackBerry 1,0 and Windows Phone development for Cordova. Topics covered include How to install and use the Cordova CLI and associated tools How to configure the Android developer tools (ADT) to run, test, and debug your Cordova applications for Android How to use Xcode—Apple's development tool for iOS development—to run, test, and debug Cordova applications for iOS devices How to use the Safari browser to debug Cordova applications on iOS devices How to use the Microsoft development tools to run, test, and debug Cordova applications for Windows Phone 8 How to set up and use the PhoneGap Build service to package Cordova applications and share those applications with others How to create Cordova plugins for both Android and iOS The author maintains a web site for the book at cordovaprogramming.com where updates, errata, and the source code for the book are available.

eBay Application Development

Download eBay Application Development PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Apress
ISBN 13 : 1430206896
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis eBay Application Development by : Ray Rischpater

Download or read book eBay Application Development written by Ray Rischpater and published by Apress. This book was released on 2004-04-05 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: * Examples in popular programming languages (C#, Perl, Java, C++). * Coverage of both the SDK and the API in a single text. * Emphasis on best practices when using the SDK and APIs to provide the best user experience for applications.