Developing New Imaging Biomarkers In Multiple Sclerosis

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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Author : Nicole Seiberlich
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128170581
Total Pages : 1094 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging by : Nicole Seiberlich

Download or read book Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Nicole Seiberlich and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-11-18 with total page 1094 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a 'go-to' reference for methods and applications of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, with specific sections on Relaxometry, Perfusion, and Diffusion. Each section will start with an explanation of the basic techniques for mapping the tissue property in question, including a description of the challenges that arise when using these basic approaches. For properties which can be measured in multiple ways, each of these basic methods will be described in separate chapters. Following the basics, a chapter in each section presents more advanced and recently proposed techniques for quantitative tissue property mapping, with a concluding chapter on clinical applications. The reader will learn: - The basic physics behind tissue property mapping - How to implement basic pulse sequences for the quantitative measurement of tissue properties - The strengths and limitations to the basic and more rapid methods for mapping the magnetic relaxation properties T1, T2, and T2* - The pros and cons for different approaches to mapping perfusion - The methods of Diffusion-weighted imaging and how this approach can be used to generate diffusion tensor - maps and more complex representations of diffusion - How flow, magneto-electric tissue property, fat fraction, exchange, elastography, and temperature mapping are performed - How fast imaging approaches including parallel imaging, compressed sensing, and Magnetic Resonance - Fingerprinting can be used to accelerate or improve tissue property mapping schemes - How tissue property mapping is used clinically in different organs - Structured to cater for MRI researchers and graduate students with a wide variety of backgrounds - Explains basic methods for quantitatively measuring tissue properties with MRI - including T1, T2, perfusion, diffusion, fat and iron fraction, elastography, flow, susceptibility - enabling the implementation of pulse sequences to perform measurements - Shows the limitations of the techniques and explains the challenges to the clinical adoption of these traditional methods, presenting the latest research in rapid quantitative imaging which has the possibility to tackle these challenges - Each section contains a chapter explaining the basics of novel ideas for quantitative mapping, such as compressed sensing and Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting-based approaches

Imaging Biomarkers

Author : Luis Martí-Bonmatí
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319435043
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (194 download)

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Book Synopsis Imaging Biomarkers by : Luis Martí-Bonmatí

Download or read book Imaging Biomarkers written by Luis Martí-Bonmatí and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to cover all aspects of the development of imaging biomarkers and their integration into clinical practice, from the conceptual basis through to the technical aspects that need to be considered in order to ensure that medical imaging can serve as a powerful quantification instrument capable of providing valuable information on organ and tissue properties. The process of imaging biomarker development is considered step by step, covering proof of concept, proof of mechanism, image acquisition, image preparation, imaging biomarker analysis and measurement, detection of measurement biases (proof of principle), proof of efficacy and effectiveness, and reporting of results. Sources of uncertainty in the accuracy and precision of measurements and pearls and pitfalls in gold standards and biological correlation are discussed. In addition, practical use cases are included on imaging biomarker implementation in brain, oncologic, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and abdominal diseases. The authors are a multidisciplinary team of expert radiologists and engineers, and the book will be of value to all with an interest in the quantitative imaging of biomarkers in personalized medicine.

Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis

Author : M. Filippi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 8847003911
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis by : M. Filippi

Download or read book Neurodegeneration in Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by world-renowned scientists, the volume provides a state-of-the-art on the most recent MRI techniques related to MS, and it is an indispensable tool for all those working in this field. The context in which this book exists is that there is an increasing perception that modern MR methodologies should be more extensively employed in clinical trials to derive innovative information.

Brain and Spinal Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis

Author : Robert Zivadinov
Publisher : Nova Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781594541605
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (416 download)

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Book Synopsis Brain and Spinal Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis by : Robert Zivadinov

Download or read book Brain and Spinal Cord Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis written by Robert Zivadinov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2005 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intended for general neurologists as well as specialists in multiple sclerosis (MS) and imaging, this book provides comprehensive discussion of central nervous system (CNS) atrophy involving the brain and spinal cord, and both the chapter authors and topics have been selected to provide state-of-the-art reviews. Key issues covered in the book include pathogenesis and its mechanisms, technical aspects of MRI measurement, the relationship between CNS atrophy and other MRI metrics, clinical relevance, the association with neurobehavioral and genetic-immunologic components of MS, and the effects of disease-modifying therapies on tissue atrophy. Pros and cons of different technical approaches are discussed critically. Special attention is devoted to CNS atrophy as a clinically relevant biologic marker of the MS disease process.

Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord

Author : Julien Cohen-Adad
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123972825
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord by : Julien Cohen-Adad

Download or read book Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord written by Julien Cohen-Adad and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-01-16 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord is the first book focused on quantitative MRI techniques with specific application to the human spinal cord. This work includes coverage of diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, relaxometry, functional MRI, and spectroscopy. Although these methods have been successfully used in the brain for the past 20 years, their application in the spinal cord remains problematic due to important acquisition challenges (such as small cross-sectional size, motion, and susceptibility artifacts). To date, there is no consensus on how to apply these techniques; this book reviews and synthesizes state-of-the-art methods so users can successfully apply them to the spinal cord. Quantitative MRI of the Spinal Cord introduces the theory behind each quantitative technique, reviews each theory's applications in the human spinal cord and describes its pros and cons, and suggests a simple protocol for applying each quantitative technique to the spinal cord. - Chapters authored by international experts in the field of MRI of the spinal cord - Contains "cooking recipes—examples of imaging parameters for each quantitative technique—designed to aid researchers and clinicians in using them in practice - Ideal for clinical settings

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis

Author : M. Filippi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 884702109X
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis by : M. Filippi

Download or read book Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Multiple Sclerosis written by M. Filippi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have witnessed dramatic advances in the development and use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques that can provide quantitative measures with some degree of pathological specificity for the heterogeneous substrates of multiple sclerosis (MS). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is one of the most promising of these techniques. Thanks to MRS, axonal damage is no longer considered an end-stage phenomenon typical of only the most destructive lesions and the most unfortunate cases, but rather as a major component of the MS pathology of lesions and normal-appearing white matter at all the phases of the disease. This new concept is rapidly changing our understanding of MS pathophysiology and, as a consequence, the therapeutic strategies to modify the disease course favorably. Many of the authors have pionereed the use of MRS in MS, thus contributing to the foundation of the "axonal hypothesis".

Biomarkers in Drug Development

Author : Michael R. Bleavins
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118210425
Total Pages : 559 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis Biomarkers in Drug Development by : Michael R. Bleavins

Download or read book Biomarkers in Drug Development written by Michael R. Bleavins and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover how biomarkers can boost the success rate of drug development efforts As pharmaceutical companies struggle to improve the success rate and cost-effectiveness of the drug development process, biomarkers have emerged as a valuable tool. This book synthesizes and reviews the latest efforts to identify, develop, and integrate biomarkers as a key strategy in translational medicine and the drug development process. Filled with case studies, the book demonstrates how biomarkers can improve drug development timelines, lower costs, facilitate better compound selection, reduce late-stage attrition, and open the door to personalized medicine. Biomarkers in Drug Development is divided into eight parts: Part One offers an overview of biomarkers and their role in drug development. Part Two highlights important technologies to help researchers identify new biomarkers. Part Three examines the characterization and validation process for both drugs and diagnostics, and provides practical advice on appropriate statistical methods to ensure that biomarkers fulfill their intended purpose. Parts Four through Six examine the application of biomarkers in discovery, preclinical safety assessment, clinical trials, and translational medicine. Part Seven focuses on lessons learned and the practical aspects of implementing biomarkers in drug development programs. Part Eight explores future trends and issues, including data integration, personalized medicine, and ethical concerns. Each of the thirty-eight chapters was contributed by one or more leading experts, including scientists from biotechnology and pharmaceutical firms, academia, and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Their contributions offer pharmaceutical and clinical researchers the most up-to-date understanding of the strategies used for and applications of biomarkers in drug development.

White Matter Diseases

Author : Massimo Filippi
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303038621X
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis White Matter Diseases by : Massimo Filippi

Download or read book White Matter Diseases written by Massimo Filippi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides cutting-edge information on the epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures and treatment approaches for the main white matter (WM) disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). WM lesions are associated with many neurological conditions, and with aging. The diagnostic work-up of neurological diseases characterized by the presence of these lesions has changed dramatically over the past few years. This is mainly due on the one hand to the discovery of specific pathogenetic factors in some of these conditions, and on the order to the optimized use of diagnostic tools. All of this has resulted in new diagnostic algorithms, and in the identification of new neurological conditions. The book offers neurologists essential guidance in the diagnosis and treatment of the most frequent WM conditions, promoting their correct and cost-saving diagnosis and management. By integrating neurological, laboratory and imaging concepts with the demands of accurate diagnosis, this reference guide provides a state-of-the-art overview of the current state of knowledge on these conditions, as well as practical guidelines for their diagnosis and treatment.

Clinical Perfusion MRI

Author : Peter B. Barker
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107013399
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Perfusion MRI by : Peter B. Barker

Download or read book Clinical Perfusion MRI written by Peter B. Barker and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-05-16 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise and comprehensive review uniquely contains all the information required to perform and interpret clinical MR perfusion imaging.

Multiple Sclerosis

Author : Howard L. Weiner
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470654635
Total Pages : 331 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (76 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis by : Howard L. Weiner

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis written by Howard L. Weiner and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-23 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Multiple Sclerosis: a complex disease requiring sophisticated management Multiple Sclerosis poses labyrinthine challenges. There is no blood test to rely on for diagnosis; clinical acumen is essential. Yet an effective diagnosis only takes you part of the way: treatment offers further enigmas. The MS treatment landscape is complicated, and will become even more so with time. Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Therapy is the map you need to navigate this maze. Written and edited by leaders in the field, it guides you towards effective and positive choices for your patients. The diagnosis section provides state-of-the-art thinking about pathogenesis. With clear coverage of biomarkers, genetics, and imaging, it presents a coherent framework for making the correct diagnosis. The management section comprehensively covers current and future treatments to steer you through the many options for • Symptom management • Cognitive dysfunction • Depression and other mental health issues ‘Top Tips’ throughout provide the practical guidance you need for the best management of your patients. Multiple Sclerosis: Diagnosis and Therapy should be on the bookshelf of anyone who treats patients with multiple sclerosis.

Autonomic Innervation of the Heart

Author : Riemer H.J.A. Slart
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662450747
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (624 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomic Innervation of the Heart by : Riemer H.J.A. Slart

Download or read book Autonomic Innervation of the Heart written by Riemer H.J.A. Slart and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains in detail the potential value of the hybrid modalities, SPECT-CT and PET-CT, in the imaging of cardiac innervation in a wide range of conditions and diseases, including ischemic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, heart failure, amyloidosis, heart transplantation, and ventricular arrhythmias. Imaging of the brain-heart axis in neurodegenerative disease and stress and of cardiotoxicity is also discussed. The roles of the various available tracers are fully considered, and individual chapters address radiopharmaceutical development under GMP, imaging physics, and kinetic modeling software. Highly relevant background information is included on the autonomic nervous system of the heart and its pathophysiology, and in addition future perspectives are discussed. Awareness of the importance of autonomic innervation of the heart for the optimal management of cardiac patients is growing, and there is an evident need for objective measurement techniques or imaging modalities. In this context, Autonomic Innervation of the Heart will be of wide interest to clinicians, researchers, and industry.

Advances in Brain Imaging

Author : John M. Morihisa
Publisher : American Psychiatric Pub
ISBN 13 : 158562800X
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (856 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Brain Imaging by : John M. Morihisa

Download or read book Advances in Brain Imaging written by John M. Morihisa and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2008-11-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain imaging and its application to major psychiatric disorders such as depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and schizophrenia is one of the most exciting fields in psychiatry today. This thought-provoking collection details the work of five scientists who report some of the most recent findings in the field, review the relevant data in the literature, and place this research within a critical neuroscience context. Each chapter tells a fascinating story: Chapter 1, Functional Brain Imaging in Psychiatry: The Next Wave, reviews the strengths and limitations of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), emphasizes the therapeutic implications of brain imaging findings, and suggests that this field may achieve its greatest utility in the search for the genetic bases for psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia. Chapter 2, Cognitive Neuroscience: The New Neuroscience of the Mind and Its Implications for Psychiatry, emphasizes the importance of cognitive deficits in our understanding of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and OCD, presenting an exciting discussion of the development of a theory of altered executive function. Chapter 3, Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children and Adolescents: Implications for Research on Emotion, explains a compelling new way of using fMRI to investigate disorders of emotion (such as major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and social phobia) in children, synthesizing neuroscience, psychiatry, and developmental psychology. Chapter 4, Brain Structure and Function in Late-Life Depression, presents both structural and functional brain imaging findings, such as decreased brain volume and abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow, in patients with late-life depression, examining how they compare with younger patients with major depression and raising an intriguing question of trait versus state as the cause for some of these abnormalities. Chapter 5, Neuroimaging Studies of Major Depression, details a distinctive longitudinal and intensely multimodal neuroscience approach particularly well suited for brain studies, describing not only the abnormalities, but also the changes in these abnormalities after therapeutic intervention, showing that some appear to depend on the patient's mood and that other neurophysiologic differences persist even after treatment. The provocative research breakthroughs and findings presented in this volume may lead to important insights in diagnosis, treatment response, and prognosis for some of today's most challenging psychiatric disorders. Researchers and clinicians alike will find that this remarkable volume enhances their understanding of the theory and practice of brain imaging in psychiatry and offers an exciting glimpse of the future directions of both the technology and the science.

Clinical Neuroradiology

Author : Frederik Barkhof
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319685359
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Neuroradiology by : Frederik Barkhof

Download or read book Clinical Neuroradiology written by Frederik Barkhof and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This superbly illustrated textbook, endorsed by the European Society of Neuroradiology, explains in detail the clinical importance of neuroradiology in complementing history taking and physical examination during the workup of patients suspected of having neurological, neurosurgical, or psychiatric disorders. The role of imaging of the brain and spinal cord is described across the full range of relevant conditions, including, for example, cerebrovascular diseases, trauma, CSF disorders, developmental malformations, autoimmune diseases, epilepsy, tumors and tumor-like conditions, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic conditions, and bipolar and depressive disorders. The structured approach to imaging and image analysis will ensure that the book is an invaluable resource for neuroradiologists in training and clinicians alike. Starting from the clinical indication, suggestions for imaging protocols are provided and checklists of common findings and aspects key to interpretation are presented. The book is published within the SpringerReference program, which combines thorough coverage with access to living editions constantly updated via a dynamic peer-review process.

Targeted Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS

Author : Naidong Weng
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119103061
Total Pages : 397 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (191 download)

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Book Synopsis Targeted Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS by : Naidong Weng

Download or read book Targeted Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS written by Naidong Weng and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-31 with total page 397 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to offer a blueprint for overcoming the challenges to successfully quantifying biomarkers in living organisms The demand among scientists and clinicians for targeted quantitation experiments has experienced explosive growth in recent years. While there are a few books dedicated to bioanalysis and biomarkers in general, until now there were none devoted exclusively to addressing critical issues surrounding this area of intense research. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS provides a detailed blueprint for quantifying biomarkers in biological systems. It uses numerous real-world cases to exemplify key concepts, all of which were carefully selected and presented so as to allow the concepts they embody to be easily expanded to future applications, including new biomarker development. Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS primarily focuses on the assay establishment for biomarker quantitation—a critical issue rarely treated in depth. It offers comprehensive coverage of three core areas of biomarker assay establishment: the relationship between the measured biomarkers and their intended usage; contemporary regulatory requirements for biomarker assays (a thorough understanding of which is essential to producing a successful and defendable submission); and the technical challenges of analyzing biomarkers produced inside a living organism or cell. Covers the theory of and applications for state-of-the-art mass spectrometry and chromatography and their applications in biomarker analysis Features real-life examples illustrating the challenges involved in target biomarker quantitation and the innovative approaches which have been used to overcome those challenges Addresses potential obstacles to obtain effective biomarker level and data interpretation, such as specificity establishment and sample collection Outlines a tiered approach and fit-for-purpose assay protocol for target biomarker quantitation Highlights the current state of the biomarker regulatory environment and protocol standards Target Biomarker Quantitation by LC-MS is a valuable resource for bioanalytical scientists, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics scientists, clinical scientists, analytical chemists, and others for whom biomarker quantitation is an important tool of the trade. It also functions as an excellent text for graduate courses in pharmaceutical, biochemistry and chemistry.

Proteomics for Biological Discovery

Author : Timothy D. Veenstra
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470007737
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteomics for Biological Discovery by : Timothy D. Veenstra

Download or read book Proteomics for Biological Discovery written by Timothy D. Veenstra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-06-12 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by recognized experts in the study of proteins, Proteomics for Biological Discovery begins by discussing the emergence of proteomics from genome sequencing projects and a summary of potential answers to be gained from proteome-level research. The tools of proteomics, from conventional to novel techniques, are then dealt with in terms of underlying concepts, limitations and future directions. An invaluable source of information, this title also provides a thorough overview of the current developments in post-translational modification studies, structural proteomics, biochemical proteomics, microfabrication, applied proteomics, and bioinformatics relevant to proteomics. Presents a comprehensive and coherent review of the major issues faced in terms of technology development, bioinformatics, strategic approaches, and applications Chapters offer a rigorous overview with summary of limitations, emerging approaches, questions, and realistic future industry and basic science applications Discusses higher level integrative aspects, including technical challenges and applications for drug discovery Accessible to the novice while providing experienced investigators essential information Proteomics for Biological Discovery is an essential resource for students, postdoctoral fellows, and researchers across all fields of biomedical research, including biochemistry, protein chemistry, molecular genetics, cell/developmental biology, and bioinformatics.

Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics

Author : Jeffrey A. Cohen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139502379
Total Pages : 771 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics by : Jeffrey A. Cohen

Download or read book Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics written by Jeffrey A. Cohen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-10-20 with total page 771 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively reviews the current state of clinical trial methods in multiple sclerosis treatment, providing investigators, sponsors and specialists with current knowledge of outcome measures and study designs for disease and symptom management. The status of the rapidly evolving field of disease-modifying drugs is presented, with emphasis on the most promising therapies currently being tested. Experts discuss disease and symptom management for MS subtypes, including neuromyelitis optica and pediatric MS. In addition, key scientific advances in MS pathology, genetics, immunology and epidemiology are presented. The fourth edition has been extensively revised, featuring more than 50% new material. All chapters have been substantially updated to provide current information on rapidly evolving topics and this volume contains 15 new chapters, reflecting the growth of the field in recent years. This book is an essential reference for practitioners caring for MS patients, investigators planning or conducting clinical trials, and clinical trial sponsors.

Cerebral Microbleeds

Author : David J. Werring
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139496212
Total Pages : 207 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Cerebral Microbleeds by : David J. Werring

Download or read book Cerebral Microbleeds written by David J. Werring and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-05-26 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability throughout the world. About one in three symptomatic strokes are due to disease of small perforating arteries; however, most effective interventions are targeted at disease of large arteries. The underlying mechanisms and treatment of small vessel disease remain poorly understood. Microbleeds have emerged as a critical imaging marker of small vessel disease, being found in all types of stroke. With increasing evidence that microbleeds are caused by hypertensive arteriopathy and cerebral amyloid angiopathy, they are likely to play a strong future role in increasing our understanding of the causes of small vessel disease and the potential link between cerebrovascular disease and neurodegeneration. Cerebral Microbleeds summarizes our current knowledge, bringing together expert research from global authorities in the field. This authoritative and systematic text will be of interest to all clinical researchers and physicians in the fields of stroke and cognitive impairment.