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Determination Of Lower Flammability Limits Of Mixtures Of Air And Gaseous Renewable Fuels At Elevated Temperatures And Pressures
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Book Synopsis Determination of Lower Flammability Limits of Mixtures of Air and Gaseous Renewable Fuels at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures by : Daniel J. Jaimes
Download or read book Determination of Lower Flammability Limits of Mixtures of Air and Gaseous Renewable Fuels at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by Daniel J. Jaimes and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimental studies of lean flammability limits (LFLs) for methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, in addition to mixtures of these gases (i.e. CH 4/H2, H2/CO, and CH4/CO2) were performed at temperatures up to 200° C and pressures up to 9 bar. ASTM Standard E918 (1983) provided the framework for tests at these elevated conditions, using a one-liter pressure-rated test cylinder in which the fuel-air mixtures were prepared and then ignited. Flammability is determined using a 7% and 5% pressure rise criterion per the ASTM E918 and European EN 1839 standards, respectively. The LFLs for each gas and gas mixture are found to decrease linearly with increasing temperature in the temperature range tested. The LFLs of hydrogen and mixtures containing hydrogen are observed to increase with an increase in the initial pressure, whereas the LFLs of all other mixtures exhibit a negligible dependence on pressure. For mixtures, predicted LFL values obtained using Le Chatelier's mixing rule are fairly consistent with the experimentally determined values near ambient conditions, however it is not recommended for use at elevated pressure and/or temperature. The purpose for characterizing the flammability limits for these gaseous mixtures is to extend the results to developing appropriate procedures for the safe industrial use of renewable gases, such as bio-derived methane, biogas composed mainly of methane and carbon dioxide, and renewably derived syngas which contains large quantities of hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas.
Book Synopsis Trends in Hazardous Materials Research by : Edward C. Booking
Download or read book Trends in Hazardous Materials Research written by Edward C. Booking and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hazardous waste is a waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harmful to human health or the environment. Hazardous waste generally exhibits one or more of these characteristics: ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity or toxicity. The universe of hazardous wastes is large and diverse. Hazardous wastes can be liquids, solids, contained gases, or sludges. They can be the by-products of manufacturing processes or simply discarded commercial products, like cleaning fluids or pesticides. One major type is radioactive waste. This book brings together the latest research in this diverse field.
Book Synopsis Flammability Limits of Methane and Ethane in Chlorine at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures and Pressures by : A. Bartkowiak
Download or read book Flammability Limits of Methane and Ethane in Chlorine at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures and Pressures written by A. Bartkowiak and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapors by : Hubert Frank Coward
Download or read book Limits of Flammability of Gases and Vapors written by Hubert Frank Coward and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammability Limits of Gaseous Fuel-air Mixtures Under Flow Conditions by : George William Gurr
Download or read book Flammability Limits of Gaseous Fuel-air Mixtures Under Flow Conditions written by George William Gurr and published by . This book was released on 1955 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inert Gas Dilution Effect on the Flammability Limits of Hydrocarbon Mixtures by : Fuman Zhao
Download or read book Inert Gas Dilution Effect on the Flammability Limits of Hydrocarbon Mixtures written by Fuman Zhao and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flammability limit is a most significant property of substances to ensure safety of chemical processes and fuel application. Although there are numerous flammability literature data available for pure substances, for fuel mixtures these are not always available. Especially, for fuel mixture storage, operation, and transportation, inert gas inerting and blanketing have been widely applied in chemical process industries while the related date are even more scarce. Lower and upper flammability limits of hydrocarbon mixtures in air with and without additional nitrogen were measured in this research. Typically, the fuel mixture lower flammability limit almost keeps constant at different contents of added nitrogen. The fuel mixture upper flammability limit approximately linearly varies with the added nitrogen except mixtures containing ethylene. The minimum added nitrogen concentration at which lower flammability limit and upper flammability limit merge together is the minimum inerting concentration for nitrogen, roughly falling into the range of 45 plus/minus 10 vol % for all the tested hydrocarbon mixtures. Numerical analysis of inert gas dilution effect on lower flammability limit and upper flammability limit was conducted by introducing the parameter of inert gas dilution coefficient. Fuel mixture flammability limit can be quantitatively characterized using inert gas dilution coefficient plus the original Le Chatelier's law or modified Le Chatelier's law. An extended application of calculated adiabatic flame temperature modeling was proposed to predict fuel mixture flammability limits at different inert gas loading. The modeling lower flammability limit results can represent experimental data well except the flammability nose zone close to minimum inerting concentration. Le Chatelier's law is a well-recognized mixing rule for fuel mixture flammability limit estimation. Its application, unfortunately, is limited to lower flammability limit for accurate purpose. Here, firstly a detailed derivation was conducted on lower flammability limit to shed a light on the inherent principle residing in this rule, and then its application was evaluated at non-ambient conditions, as well as fuel mixture diluted with inert gases and varied oxygen concentrations. Results showed that this law can be extended to all these conditions.
Book Synopsis Limits of Inflammability of Gases and Vapors by : Hubert Frank Coward
Download or read book Limits of Inflammability of Gases and Vapors written by Hubert Frank Coward and published by . This book was released on 1928 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Renewable Fuels by : Jacqueline O'Connor
Download or read book Renewable Fuels written by Jacqueline O'Connor and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-12-15 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on a critical aspect of the future clean energy system - renewable fuels - this book will be your complete guide on how these fuels are manufactured, the considerations associated with utilising them, and their real-world applications. Written by experts across the field, the book presents many professional perspectives, providing an in-depth understanding of this crucial topic. Clearly explained and organised into four key parts, this book explores the technical aspects written in an accessible way. First, it discusses the dominant energy conversion approaches and the impact that fuel properties have on system operability. Part II outlines the chemical carrier options available for these conversion devices, including gaseous, liquid, and solid fuels. In the third part, it describes the physics and chemistry of combustion, revealing the issues associated with utilizing these fuels. Finally, Part IV presents real-world case studies, demonstrating the successful pathways towards a net-zero carbon future.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :376 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Fuels for the Future by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Download or read book Fuels for the Future written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Flammability Characteristics of Hydrogen and Its Mixtures with Light Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric and Sub-atmospheric Pressures by : Thuy Minh Hai Le
Download or read book Flammability Characteristics of Hydrogen and Its Mixtures with Light Hydrocarbons at Atmospheric and Sub-atmospheric Pressures written by Thuy Minh Hai Le and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of flammability limits is essential in the prevention of fire and explosion. There are two limits of flammability, upper flammability limit (UFL) and lower flammability limit (LFL), which define the flammable region of a combustible gas/vapor. This research focuses on the flammability limits of hydrogen and its binary mixtures with light hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, n-butane, and ethylene) at sub-atmospheric pressures. The flammability limits of hydrogen, light hydrocarbons, and binary mixtures of hydrogen and each hydrocarbon were determined experimentally at room temperature (20℗ðC) and initial pressures ranging from 1.0 atm to 0.1 atm. The experiments were conducted in a closed cylindrical stainless steel vessel with upward flame propagation. It was found that the flammable region of hydrogen initially widens when the pressure decreases from 1.0 atm to 0.3 atm, then narrows with the further decrease of pressure. In contrast, the flammable regions of the hydrocarbons narrow when the pressure decreases. For hydrogen and the hydrocarbons, pressure has a much greater impact on the UFLs than on the LFLs. For binary mixtures of hydrogen and the hydrocarbons, the flammable regions of all mixtures widen when the fraction of hydrogen in the mixture increases. When the pressure decreases, the flammable regions of all mixtures narrow. The applications of Le Chatelier̕ s rule and the Calculated Adiabatic Flame Temperature (CAFT) model to the flammability limits of the mixtures were verified. It was found that Le Chatelier̕ s rule could predict the flammability limits much better than the CAFT model. The adiabatic flame temperatures (AFTs), an important parameter in the risk assessment of fire and explosion, of hydrogen and the hydrocarbons were also calculated. The influence of sub-atmospheric pressures on the AFTs was investigated. A linear relationship between the AFT and the corresponding flammability limit is derived. Furthermore, the consequence of fire relating to hydrogen and the hydrocarbons is discussed based on the AFTs of the chemicals. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/150966
Book Synopsis The Theory of Flammability Limits by : Martin Hertzberg
Download or read book The Theory of Flammability Limits written by Martin Hertzberg and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ASME Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the third International Conference on Automotive and Fuel Technology by :
Download or read book Proceedings of the third International Conference on Automotive and Fuel Technology written by and published by Allied Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Measurement of Flammability in a Closed Cylindrical Vessel with Thermal Criteria by : Wun K. Wong
Download or read book Measurement of Flammability in a Closed Cylindrical Vessel with Thermal Criteria written by Wun K. Wong and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results show that the flammability data determined with thermal criteria has an acceptable level of accuracy. Recommendations for improving apparatus are made, based upon observations made while operating the flammability apparatus.
Book Synopsis Calculation of Flammability and Lower Flammability Limits of Gas Mixtures for Classification Purposes by : Volkmar Schröder
Download or read book Calculation of Flammability and Lower Flammability Limits of Gas Mixtures for Classification Purposes written by Volkmar Schröder and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fuel Property Estimation and Combustion Process Characterization by : Yen-Hsiung Kiang
Download or read book Fuel Property Estimation and Combustion Process Characterization written by Yen-Hsiung Kiang and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-20 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fuel Property Estimation and Combustion Process Characterization is a thorough tool book, which provides readers with the most up-to-date, valuable methodologies to efficiently and cost-effectively attain useful properties of all types of fuels and achieve combustion process characterizations for more efficient design and better operation. Through extensive experience in fuels and combustion, Kiang has developed equations and methodologies that can readily obtain reasonable properties for all types of fuels (including wastes and biomass), which enable him to provide guidance for designers and operators in the combustion field, in order to ensure the design, operation, and diagnostics of all types of combustion systems are of the highest quality and run at optimum efficiency. Written for professionals and researchers in the renewable energy, combustion, chemical, and mechanical engineering fields, the information in this book will equip readers with detailed guidance on how to reliably obtain properties of fuels quickly for the design, operation and diagnostics of combustion systems to achieve highly efficient combustion processes. Presents models for quick estimation of fuel properties without going through elaborate, costly and time consuming sampling and laboratory testing Offers methodologies to determine combustion process characteristics for designing and deploying combustion systems Examines the fundamentals of combustion applied to energy systems, including thermodynamics of traditional and alternative fuels combustion Presents a fuel property database for over 1400 fuels Includes descriptive application of big data technology, using dual properties analysis as an example Provides specific technical solutions for combustion, fuels and waste processing
Book Synopsis Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy by : D. Yogi Goswami
Download or read book Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy written by D. Yogi Goswami and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-05-07 with total page 1568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brought to you by the creator of numerous bestselling handbooks, the Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy provides a thorough grounding in the analytic techniques and technological developments that underpin renewable energy use and environmental protection. The handbook emphasizes the engineering aspects of energy conservation and renewable energy. Taking a world view, the editors discuss key topics underpinning energy efficiency and renewable energy systems. They provide content at the forefront of the contemporary debate about energy and environmental futures. This is vital information for planning a secure energy future. Practical in approach, the book covers technologies currently available or expected to be ready for implementation in the near future. It sets the stage with a survey of current and future world-wide energy issues, then explores energy policies and incentives for conservation and renewable energy, covers economic assessment methods for conservation and generation technologies, and discusses the environmental costs of various energy generation technologies. The book goes on to examine distributed generation and demand side management procedures and gives a perspective on the efficiencies, economics, and environmental costs of fossil and nuclear technologies. Highlighting energy conservation as the cornerstone of a successful national energy strategy, the book covers energy management strategies for industry and buildings, HVAC controls, co-generation, and advances in specific technologies such as motors, lighting, appliances, and heat pumps. It explores energy storage and generation from renewable sources and underlines the role of infrastructure security and risk analysis in planning future energy transmission and storage systems. These features and more make the Handbook of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy the tool for designing the energy sources of the future.
