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Detecting Cosmetic Earnings Management Using Benfords Law
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Book Synopsis Detecting Cosmetic Earnings Management Using Benford's Law by : Hamid Mohammadi
Download or read book Detecting Cosmetic Earnings Management Using Benford's Law written by Hamid Mohammadi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmetic earnings management (CEM) is a way of manipulating financial results through small upward rounding of reported earnings. As a result, there will be more than expected zeros and less than expected nines as second digit of earnings numbers. Previous studies showed that cosmetic earnings management has occurred before implementation of Sarbanes-Oxley Act in the U.S and there has been a tendency to exercise it worldwide. This paper investigates the occurrence of CEM in the companies listed in Tehran stock exchange (TSE) during 1999 to 2013 by comparing observed distribution of earning numbers with a standard distribution, called Benford's law. The results show that CEM has not occurred in TSE for the period 1999 to 2009. We suggest users of financial statements to pay attention to earning numbers as a start point for further investigations.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Cosmetic Earnings Management by : June Y. Aono
Download or read book The Impact of Sarbanes-Oxley Act on Cosmetic Earnings Management written by June Y. Aono and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the mitigating effect of Sarbanes-Oxley Act on cosmetic earnings management, referred by Kinnunen and Koskela (2003) as earnings manipulative behavior to round earnings such that they result in an upward bias. This behavior reports income numbers to achieve key cognitive reference points represented by N x 10k. Using Benford's law, our analysis compares the distribution of second digits in reported annual earnings for publicly listed U.S. companies between a two-year periods before and after the year 2002 when Sarbanes-Oxley Act went into effect. Our empirical results suggest that, in the two-year period prior to the Act, there was evidence of cosmetic earnings management. However, such behavior in manipulating earnings has noticeably decreased in the period after the Act. This finding is consistent with the notion that Sarbanes-Oxley Act has a deterring impact on corporate America's manipulative behavior to report earnings that achieve certain key reference points.
Download or read book Benford's Law written by Steven J. Miller and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-26 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benford's law states that the leading digits of many data sets are not uniformly distributed from one through nine, but rather exhibit a profound bias. This bias is evident in everything from electricity bills and street addresses to stock prices, population numbers, mortality rates, and the lengths of rivers. Here, Steven Miller brings together many of the world’s leading experts on Benford’s law to demonstrate the many useful techniques that arise from the law, show how truly multidisciplinary it is, and encourage collaboration. Beginning with the general theory, the contributors explain the prevalence of the bias, highlighting explanations for when systems should and should not follow Benford’s law and how quickly such behavior sets in. They go on to discuss important applications in disciplines ranging from accounting and economics to psychology and the natural sciences. The contributors describe how Benford’s law has been successfully used to expose fraud in elections, medical tests, tax filings, and financial reports. Additionally, numerous problems, background materials, and technical details are available online to help instructors create courses around the book. Emphasizing common challenges and techniques across the disciplines, this accessible book shows how Benford’s law can serve as a productive meeting ground for researchers and practitioners in diverse fields.
Book Synopsis Research in Accounting Regulation by : Gary Previts
Download or read book Research in Accounting Regulation written by Gary Previts and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2008-04-09 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in Accounting Regulation
Book Synopsis Detecting Earnings Management by : Gary Giroux
Download or read book Detecting Earnings Management written by Gary Giroux and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ESSENTIAL TOOLS AND STRATEGIES FOR DETECTING MANIPULATION. As recent corporate scandals prove, corrupt companies can maintain a façade of financial success through manipulation and fraud almost to the day they file for bankruptcy. Fortunately, tools exists to detect aggressive earnings management. This timely book reviews the current environment, explains the tools that can be used to detect a manipulative financial environment, and introduces techniques for recasting financial information to get a truer economic picture. Brief cases reflecting a variety of companies provide a feel for evaluating public data and how earning management potential can be analyzed. In addition, an appendix features a complete earnings management detection checklist that can be used to conduct a thorough analysis of any corporation. Detecting Earning Management will help readers: Identify the incentive of management to manipulate earning to promote their own short-term interests. Evaluate the effectiveness of corporate governance to limit short-term manipulation and promote long-term success. Consider whether recent regulations, such as Sarbanes-Oxley, will limit future abuse. Review the major fraud techniques used in the recent and not-so-recent scandals. Identify the potential areas of manipulation and other sources of distortion and develop appropriate detection strategies. Understand the challenging areas that can distort financial reality such as acquisitions, derivatives, and special purpose entities.
Download or read book Benford's Law written by Mark J. Nigrini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-03-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful new tool for all forensic accountants, or anyone whoanalyzes data that may have been altered Benford's Law gives the expected patterns of the digits in thenumbers in tabulated data such as town and city populations orMadoff's fictitious portfolio returns. Those digits, in unaltereddata, will not occur in equal proportions; there is a large biastowards the lower digits, so much so that nearly one-half of allnumbers are expected to start with the digits 1 or 2. Thesepatterns were originally discovered by physicist Frank Benford inthe early 1930s, and have since been found to apply to alltabulated data. Mark J. Nigrini has been a pioneer in applyingBenford's Law to auditing and forensic accounting, even before hisgroundbreaking 1999 Journal of Accountancy article introducing thisuseful tool to the accounting world. In Benford's Law, Nigrinishows the widespread applicability of Benford's Law and itspractical uses to detect fraud, errors, and other anomalies. Explores primary, associated, and advanced tests, all describedwith data sets that include corporate payments data and electiondata Includes ten fraud detection studies, including vendor fraud,payroll fraud, due diligence when purchasing a business, and taxevasion Covers financial statement fraud, with data from Enron, AIG,and companies that were the target of hedge fund short sales Looks at how to detect Ponzi schemes, including data on Madoff,Waxenberg, and more Examines many other applications, from the Clinton tax returnsand the charitable gifts of Lehman Brothers to tax evasion andnumber invention Benford's Law has 250 figures and uses 50 interestingauthentic and fraudulent real-world data sets to explain boththeory and practice, and concludes with an agenda and directionsfor future research. The companion website adds additionalinformation and resources.
Book Synopsis Detecting Earnings Management by : James E. Miller
Download or read book Detecting Earnings Management written by James E. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fostering Recovery Through Metaverse Business Modelling by : Alina Mihaela Dima
Download or read book Fostering Recovery Through Metaverse Business Modelling written by Alina Mihaela Dima and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-28 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Through the lens of multi- and interdisciplinarity, this book highlights the potential of progress in cloud computing technologies, metaverse development, and digital transformation in charting a path to economic and social recovery, governance process and societal evolution enabling to tackle the global polycrises triggered by the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020. The book is an outcome of the 5th International Conference on Economics and Social Sciences, ICESS 2022, Bucharest, Romania.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Accounting and Financial Studies by : Farinha, Luís
Download or read book Handbook of Research on Accounting and Financial Studies written by Farinha, Luís and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-03-06 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The competitive nature of organizations in today’s globalized world has led to the development of various approaches to increasing profitability and maintaining an advantage over rival companies. As technology continues to be integrated into business practices, specifically in the area of accounting and finance, professionals and educators need to be prepared for advancing economic techniques, and they need to maintain a high level of financial literacy. The Handbook of Research on Accounting and Financial Studies is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on advanced knowledge and emerging business practices and teaching dynamics in the fields of accounting and finance. While highlighting topics such as cost-benefit analysis, risk management, and corporate governance, this publication explores new initiatives in entrepreneurship and performance management. This book is ideally designed for business managers, consultants, entrepreneurs, auditors, tax practitioners, economists, accountants, academicians, researchers, and students seeking current research on modern advancements and recent findings in accounting and financial studies.
Book Synopsis Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets by : Carol Alexander
Download or read book Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets written by Carol Alexander and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-12-13 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Identifying malpractice and misconduct should be top priority for financial risk managers today Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets identifies potential issues surrounding all types of fraud, misconduct, price/volume manipulation and other forms of malpractice. Chapters cover detection, prevention and regulation of corruption and fraud within different financial markets. Written by experts at the forefront of finance and risk management, this book details the many practices that bring potentially devastating consequences, including insider trading, bribery, false disclosure, frontrunning, options backdating, and improper execution or broker-agency relationships. Informed but corrupt traders manipulate prices in dark pools run by investment banks, using anonymous deals to move prices in their own favour, extracting value from ordinary investors time and time again. Strategies such as wash, ladder and spoofing trades are rife, even on regulated exchanges – and in unregulated cryptocurrency exchanges one can even see these manipulative quotes happening real-time in the limit order book. More generally, financial market misconduct and fraud affects about 15 percent of publicly listed companies each year and the resulting fines can devastate an organisation's budget and initiate a tailspin from which it may never recover. This book gives you a deeper understanding of all these issues to help prevent you and your company from falling victim to unethical practices. Learn about the different types of corruption and fraud and where they may be hiding in your organisation Identify improper relationships and conflicts of interest before they become a problem Understand the regulations surrounding market misconduct, and how they affect your firm Prevent budget-breaking fines and other potentially catastrophic consequences Since the LIBOR scandal, many major banks have been fined billions of dollars for manipulation of prices, exchange rates and interest rates. Headline cases aside, misconduct and fraud is uncomfortably prevalent in a large number of financial firms; it can exist in a wide variety of forms, with practices in multiple departments, making self-governance complex. Corruption and Fraud in Financial Markets is a comprehensive guide to identifying and stopping potential problems before they reach the level of finable misconduct.
Book Synopsis Forensic Analytics by : Mark J. Nigrini
Download or read book Forensic Analytics written by Mark J. Nigrini and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-04-20 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Become the forensic analytics expert in your organization using effective and efficient data analysis tests to find anomalies, biases, and potential fraud—the updated new edition Forensic Analytics reviews the methods and techniques that forensic accountants can use to detect intentional and unintentional errors, fraud, and biases. This updated second edition shows accountants and auditors how analyzing their corporate or public sector data can highlight transactions, balances, or subsets of transactions or balances in need of attention. These tests are made up of a set of initial high-level overview tests followed by a series of more focused tests. These focused tests use a variety of quantitative methods including Benford’s Law, outlier detection, the detection of duplicates, a comparison to benchmarks, time-series methods, risk-scoring, and sometimes simply statistical logic. The tests in the new edition include the newly developed vector variation score that quantifies the change in an array of data from one period to the next. The goals of the tests are to either produce a small sample of suspicious transactions, a small set of transaction groups, or a risk score related to individual transactions or a group of items. The new edition includes over two hundred figures. Each chapter, where applicable, includes one or more cases showing how the tests under discussion could have detected the fraud or anomalies. The new edition also includes two chapters each describing multi-million-dollar fraud schemes and the insights that can be learned from those examples. These interesting real-world examples help to make the text accessible and understandable for accounting professionals and accounting students without rigorous backgrounds in mathematics and statistics. Emphasizing practical applications, the new edition shows how to use either Excel or Access to run these analytics tests. The book also has some coverage on using Minitab, IDEA, R, and Tableau to run forensic-focused tests. The use of SAS and Power BI rounds out the software coverage. The software screenshots use the latest versions of the software available at the time of writing. This authoritative book: Describes the use of statistically-based techniques including Benford’s Law, descriptive statistics, and the vector variation score to detect errors and anomalies Shows how to run most of the tests in Access and Excel, and other data analysis software packages for a small sample of the tests Applies the tests under review in each chapter to the same purchasing card data from a government entity Includes interesting cases studies throughout that are linked to the tests being reviewed. Includes two comprehensive case studies where data analytics could have detected the frauds before they reached multi-million-dollar levels Includes a continually-updated companion website with the data sets used in the chapters, the queries used in the chapters, extra coverage of some topics or cases, end of chapter questions, and end of chapter cases. Written by a prominent educator and researcher in forensic accounting and auditing, the new edition of Forensic Analytics: Methods and Techniques for Forensic Accounting Investigations is an essential resource for forensic accountants, auditors, comptrollers, fraud investigators, and graduate students.
Book Synopsis Detecting Earnings Management by : Stavroula Kourdoumpalou
Download or read book Detecting Earnings Management written by Stavroula Kourdoumpalou and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earnings management research is of interest not only to academics, but also to practitioners and regulators. A major strand of the relevant literature examines the divergent reporting incentives that managers face when reporting for tax and for financial accounting purposes. In case of conforming earnings management, firms that prefer tax aggressiveness also lower their financial accounting income, whereas firms that are aggressive in financial reporting also inflate taxable income. However, there is significant evidence that firms also take advantage of the opportunity provided by the dual reporting system (i.e., preparation of distinct reports) and simultaneously manipulate both accounting and taxable earnings (i.e., non-conforming earnings management). As the extent of earnings manipulation cannot be measured directly, a number of proxies have been developed in the literature relying on publicly available data. For the purposes of the present review, the most commonly used ones are classified into three groups: accrual models, effective tax rates and book-tax differences.
Book Synopsis Detection of Earnings Management. Practical Approach by : Igor Pustylnick
Download or read book Detection of Earnings Management. Practical Approach written by Igor Pustylnick and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many existing earnings management studies establish earnings management detection criteria by examining the statements of every organization under review for a significant period of time. While being suitable for the academia, this approach cannot be adopted by the practitioners, who do not have access to the historical information. The study proposes that the new indicator would be found through examining the existing set of companies and superimposing it to the sets of companies, which should not have the signs of earnings management. Two groups of companies are proposed as candidates for the second samples: companies with high Z-Score and random set of companies. All three samples are examined by using the existing indicators M-Score and fluctuations of operation margin and the conclusion is made that Z-Score is the only indicator, which can easily separate the samples.This study develops a new indicator of presence of earnings management which is based on the assumption that earnings management is the process of fraudulent altering characteristics of the financial statements related to earning. The idea of the study is based on examining the components of DuPont analysis, namely Operating Margin and Asset Turnover. The results show that the sign and the value of the created indicator matches well the definition of earnings management as appearance of change of Operating Margin and Asset Turnover with different signs. The results of the study were tested on few companies involved in the financial scandals of the turn of the century and showed that earnings management could be detected few years prior to when these companies were charged.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the XIV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SYMORG 2014 by : Aleksandar Marković
Download or read book Proceedings of the XIV INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM SYMORG 2014 written by Aleksandar Marković and published by FON. This book was released on 2014-06-05 with total page 1795 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Benford's Law written by Steven J. Miller and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benford's law states that the leading digits of many data sets are not uniformly distributed from one through nine, but rather exhibit a profound bias. This bias is evident in everything from electricity bills and street addresses to stock prices, population numbers, mortality rates, and the lengths of rivers. Here, Steven Miller brings together many of the world’s leading experts on Benford’s law to demonstrate the many useful techniques that arise from the law, show how truly multidisciplinary it is, and encourage collaboration. Beginning with the general theory, the contributors explain the prevalence of the bias, highlighting explanations for when systems should and should not follow Benford’s law and how quickly such behavior sets in. They go on to discuss important applications in disciplines ranging from accounting and economics to psychology and the natural sciences. The contributors describe how Benford’s law has been successfully used to expose fraud in elections, medical tests, tax filings, and financial reports. Additionally, numerous problems, background materials, and technical details are available online to help instructors create courses around the book. Emphasizing common challenges and techniques across the disciplines, this accessible book shows how Benford’s law can serve as a productive meeting ground for researchers and practitioners in diverse fields.
Book Synopsis The Role of Accounting Principles in Detecting Earnings Management by : Paul William Polinski
Download or read book The Role of Accounting Principles in Detecting Earnings Management written by Paul William Polinski and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Forensic Accounting written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
