Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Second Edition

Download Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Second Edition PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780849396281
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (962 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Second Edition by : Cristian I. Contescu

Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Second Edition written by Cristian I. Contescu and published by . This book was released on 2008-11-15 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Download Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824750473
Total Pages : 988 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (54 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by : James A. Schwarz

Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by James A. Schwarz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 988 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Six Volume Set (Print)

Download Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Six Volume Set (Print) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824750558
Total Pages : 4200 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Six Volume Set (Print) by : James A. Schwarz

Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Six Volume Set (Print) written by James A. Schwarz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-31 with total page 4200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PRINT/ONLINE PRICING OPTIONS AVAILABLE UPON REQUEST AT [email protected]

Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Download Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781439891353
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (913 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by : Sergey Edward Lyshevski

Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by Sergey Edward Lyshevski and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Third Edition, Seven Volume Set

Download Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Third Edition, Seven Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781439891346
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (913 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Third Edition, Seven Volume Set by : Sergey Edward Lyshevski

Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Third Edition, Seven Volume Set written by Sergey Edward Lyshevski and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its original publication, the Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology immediately became the reference against which all other nano references are measured. Noting that the encyclopedia was being assembled by leading authorities at an early stage in the field’s development, Sir Harry Kroto, 1996 Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry, rightfully predicted that the encyclopedia would bring together key advances in a "coherently organized framework." Among other accolades, this bestseller has gone on to win an Outstanding Academic Book Award from CHOICE magazine. Continuing to cover the field as no other resource, the Third Edition describes the fundamentals and advancements of nano-materials, -structures, -devices, and -systems with a broad range of applications to assist readers in mastering the biological, engineering, physical, and technological aspects. The new Third Edition: Crosses disciplines to examine essential nano paradigms, principles, theories, and methodologies, as well as the latest information on nanotechnologies Consists of 7 volumes with 61 new, 34 revised, and 352 revisited entries—plus quarterly updates for the PDF and HTML online versions Outlines innovations in nanoscale engineering, newly developed simulation tools, and emerging computational methods By proposing, surveying, and establishing new nano-centric premises and solutions, the Third Edition intends to spark practical discoveries, such as devising of nanotechnology-enabled systems, platforms, and products; analysis of revealing and vital facets of nanoscaled and microscopic systems; enabling of synthesis and fabrication paradigms; advanced quantitative analytic tools and approaches; and new knowledge bases in life sciences, physical sciences, and engineering. ALSO AVAILABLE ONLINE This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options For more information, visit Taylor and Francis Online. Or contact us to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367 / (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062 / (E-mail) [email protected]

Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering

Download Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498711073
Total Pages : 2001 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering by : Dennis R. Heldman

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering written by Dennis R. Heldman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-10-21 with total page 2001 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Definitive Reference for Food Scientists & EngineersThe Second Edition of the Encyclopedia of Agricultural, Food, and Biological Engineering focuses on the processes used to produce raw agricultural materials and convert the raw materials into consumer products for distribution. It provides an improved understanding of the processes used in

Encyclopedia of Software Engineering Three-Volume Set (Print)

Download Encyclopedia of Software Engineering Three-Volume Set (Print) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351249266
Total Pages : 1441 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Software Engineering Three-Volume Set (Print) by : Phillip A. Laplante

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Software Engineering Three-Volume Set (Print) written by Phillip A. Laplante and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 1441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Software engineering requires specialized knowledge of a broad spectrum of topics, including the construction of software and the platforms, applications, and environments in which the software operates as well as an understanding of the people who build and use the software. Offering an authoritative perspective, the two volumes of the Encyclopedia of Software Engineering cover the entire multidisciplinary scope of this important field. More than 200 expert contributors and reviewers from industry and academia across 21 countries provide easy-to-read entries that cover software requirements, design, construction, testing, maintenance, configuration management, quality control, and software engineering management tools and methods. Editor Phillip A. Laplante uses the most universally recognized definition of the areas of relevance to software engineering, the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK®), as a template for organizing the material. Also available in an electronic format, this encyclopedia supplies software engineering students, IT professionals, researchers, managers, and scholars with unrivaled coverage of the topics that encompass this ever-changing field. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Encyclopedia of Information Assurance - 4 Volume Set (Print)

Download Encyclopedia of Information Assurance - 4 Volume Set (Print) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351235796
Total Pages : 3366 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Information Assurance - 4 Volume Set (Print) by : Rebecca Herold

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Information Assurance - 4 Volume Set (Print) written by Rebecca Herold and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-12-22 with total page 3366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charged with ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, availability, and delivery of all forms of an entity's information, Information Assurance (IA) professionals require a fundamental understanding of a wide range of specializations, including digital forensics, fraud examination, systems engineering, security risk management, privacy, and compliance. Establishing this understanding and keeping it up to date requires a resource with coverage as diverse as the field it covers. Filling this need, the Encyclopedia of Information Assurance presents an up-to-date collection of peer-reviewed articles and references written by authorities in their fields. From risk management and privacy to auditing and compliance, the encyclopedia’s four volumes provide comprehensive coverage of the key topics related to information assurance. This complete IA resource: Supplies the understanding needed to help prevent the misuse of sensitive information Explains how to maintain the integrity of critical systems Details effective tools, techniques, and methods for protecting personal and corporate data against the latest threats Provides valuable examples, case studies, and discussions on how to address common and emerging IA challenges Placing the wisdom of leading researchers and practitioners at your fingertips, this authoritative reference provides the knowledge and insight needed to avoid common pitfalls and stay one step ahead of evolving threats. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including:  Citation tracking and alerts  Active reference linking  Saved searches and marked lists  HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Download Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780824750503
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (55 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology by : James A. Schwarz

Download or read book Dekker Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology written by James A. Schwarz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, Four Volume Set

Download Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, Four Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000031721
Total Pages : 3513 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, Four Volume Set by : Sven Erik Jorgensen

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Environmental Management, Four Volume Set written by Sven Erik Jorgensen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 3513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of an Outstanding Academic Title Award from CHOICE Magazine Encyclopedia of Environmental Management gives a comprehensive overview of environmental problems, their sources, their assessment, and their solutions. Through in-depth entries and a topical table of contents, readers will quickly find answers to questions about specific pollution and management issues. Edited by the esteemed Sven Erik Jørgensen and an advisory board of renowned specialists, this four-volume set shares insights from more than 500 contributors—all experts in their fields. The encyclopedia provides basic knowledge for an integrated and ecologically sound management system. Nearly 400 alphabetical entries cover everything from air, soil, and water pollution to agriculture, energy, global pollution, toxic substances, and general pollution problems. Using a topical table of contents, readers can also search for entries according to the type of problem and the methodology. This allows readers to see the overall picture at a glance and find answers to the core questions: What is the pollution problem, and what are its sources? What is the "big picture," or what background knowledge do we need? How can we diagnose the problem, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using monitoring and ecological models, indicators, and services? How can we solve the problem with environmental technology, ecotechnology, cleaner technology, and environmental legislation? How do we address the problem as part of an integrated management strategy? This accessible encyclopedia examines the entire spectrum of tools available for environmental management. An indispensable resource, it guides environmental managers to find the best possible solutions to the myriad pollution problems they face. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact us to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367 / (email) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062 / (email) [email protected]

Encyclopedia of Chromatography

Download Encyclopedia of Chromatography PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439870675
Total Pages : 2968 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Chromatography by : Jack Cazes

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Chromatography written by Jack Cazes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-10-12 with total page 2968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly revised and expanded, this third edition offers illustrative tables and figures to clarify technical points in the articles and provides a valuable, reader-friendly reference for all those who employ chromatographic methods for analysis of complex mixtures of substances. An authoritative source of information, this introductory guide to specific chromatographic techniques and theory discusses the relevant science and technology, offering key references for analyzing specific chemicals and applications in industry and focusing on emerging technologies and uses.

Using the Engineering Literature

Download Using the Engineering Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439850038
Total Pages : 548 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Using the Engineering Literature by : Bonnie A. Osif

Download or read book Using the Engineering Literature written by Bonnie A. Osif and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the encroachment of the Internet into nearly all aspects of work and life, it seems as though information is everywhere. However, there is information and then there is correct, appropriate, and timely information. While we might love being able to turn to Wikipedia for encyclopedia-like information or search Google for the thousands of links

Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version)

Download Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version) PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1466511052
Total Pages : 3918 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version) by : George E. Totten

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys (Online Version) written by George E. Totten and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-01-06 with total page 3918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first of many important works featured in CRC Press’ Metals and Alloys Encyclopedia Collection, the Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys covers all the fundamental, theoretical, and application-related aspects of the metallurgical science, engineering, and technology of iron, steel, and their alloys. This Five-Volume Set addresses topics such as extractive metallurgy, powder metallurgy and processing, physical metallurgy, production engineering, corrosion engineering, thermal processing, metalworking, welding, iron- and steelmaking, heat treating, rolling, casting, hot and cold forming, surface finishing and coating, crystallography, metallography, computational metallurgy, metal-matrix composites, intermetallics, nano- and micro-structured metals and alloys, nano- and micro-alloying effects, special steels, and mining. A valuable reference for materials scientists and engineers, chemists, manufacturers, miners, researchers, and students, this must-have encyclopedia: Provides extensive coverage of properties and recommended practices Includes a wealth of helpful charts, nomograms, and figures Contains cross referencing for quick and easy search Each entry is written by a subject-matter expert and reviewed by an international panel of renowned researchers from academia, government, and industry. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Technology - Two Volume Set

Download Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Technology - Two Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1482214326
Total Pages : 1307 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (822 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Technology - Two Volume Set by : Phillip A. Laplante

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Technology - Two Volume Set written by Phillip A. Laplante and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-12-29 with total page 1307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spanning the multi-disciplinary scope of information technology, the Encyclopedia of Information Systems and Technology draws together comprehensive coverage of the inter-related aspects of information systems and technology. The topics covered in this encyclopedia encompass internationally recognized bodies of knowledge, including those of The IT BOK, the Chartered Information Technology Professionals Program, the International IT Professional Practice Program (British Computer Society), the Core Body of Knowledge for IT Professionals (Australian Computer Society), the International Computer Driving License Foundation (European Computer Driving License Foundation), and the Guide to the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge. Using the universally recognized definitions of IT and information systems from these recognized bodies of knowledge, the encyclopedia brings together the information that students, practicing professionals, researchers, and academicians need to keep their knowledge up to date. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including:  Citation tracking and alerts  Active reference linking  Saved searches and marked lists  HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Encyclopedia of Natural Resources - Two-Volume Set

Download Encyclopedia of Natural Resources - Two-Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351043838
Total Pages : 1217 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (51 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Natural Resources - Two-Volume Set by : Yeqiao Wang

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Natural Resources - Two-Volume Set written by Yeqiao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With unprecedented attention on global change, the current debate revolves around the availability and sustainability of natural resources and how to achieve equilibrium between what society demands from natural environments and what the natural resource base can provide. A full understanding of the range of issues, from the consequences of the changing resource bases to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life, is crucial to the process of developing solutions to this complex challenge. Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources provides an authoritative reference on a broad spectrum of topics such as the forcing factors and habitats of life; their histories, current status, and future trends; and their societal connections, economic values, and management. The content presents state-of-the-art science and technology development and perspectives of resource management. Written and designed with a broad audience in mind, the entries clearly elucidate the issues for readers at all levels. Volume I – Land includes 98 entries that cover the topical areas of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as forest and vegetative; soil; terrestrial coastal and inland wetlands; landscape structure and function and change; biological diversity; ecosystem services, protected areas, and management; natural resource economics; and resource security and sustainability. In Volume II, Water includes 59 entries and Air includes 31 entries. The Water entries cover topical areas such as fresh water, groundwater, water quality and watersheds, ice and snow, coastal environments, and marine resources and economics. The Air entries cover air pollutants, atmospheric oscillation, circulation patterns and atmospheric water storage, as well as agroclimatology, climate change, and extreme events. Additional topics in meteorology include acid rain, drought, ozone depletion, water storage, and more. Natural resources represent such a broad scope of complex and challenging topics that a reference book must cover a vast number of subjects in order to be titled an encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources does just that. The topics covered help readers face current and future issues in the maintenance of clean air and water as well as the preservation of land resources and native biodiversity.

Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering (Print) - Five Volume Set

Download Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering (Print) - Five Volume Set PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1351247174
Total Pages : 3726 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering (Print) - Five Volume Set by : Craig Hoffman

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering (Print) - Five Volume Set written by Craig Hoffman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-09-22 with total page 3726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of the Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering provided a valuable reference concerning devices or systems that generate, transmit, measure, or detect light, and to a lesser degree, the basic interaction of light and matter. This Second Edition not only reflects the changes in optical and photonic engineering that have occurred since the first edition was published, but also: Boasts a wealth of new material, expanding the encyclopedia’s length by 25 percent Contains extensive updates, with significant revisions made throughout the text Features contributions from engineers and scientists leading the fields of optics and photonics today With the addition of a second editor, the Encyclopedia of Optical and Photonic Engineering, Second Edition offers a balanced and up-to-date look at the fundamentals of a diverse portfolio of technologies and discoveries in areas ranging from x-ray optics to photon entanglement and beyond. This edition’s release corresponds nicely with the United Nations General Assembly’s declaration of 2015 as the International Year of Light, working in tandem to raise awareness about light’s important role in the modern world. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Nanomaterials

Download Nanomaterials PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 038709783X
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (87 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Nanomaterials by : K.T. Ramesh

Download or read book Nanomaterials written by K.T. Ramesh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-12 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book grew out of my desire to understand the mechanics of nanomaterials, and to be able to rationalize in my own mind the variety of topics on which the people around me were doing research at the time. The ?eld of nanomaterials has been growing rapidly since the early 1990s. I- tially, the ?eld was populated mostly by researchers working in the ?elds of synt- sis and processing. These scientists were able to make new materials much faster than the rest of us could develop ways of looking at them (or understanding them). However, a con?uence of interests and capabilities in the 1990s led to the exp- sive growth of papers in the characterization and modeling parts of the ?eld. That con?uence came from three primary directions: the rapid growth in our ability to make nanomaterials, a relatively newfound ability to characterize the nanomate- als at the appropriate length and time scales, and the rapid growth in our ability to model nanomaterials at atomistic and molecular scales. Simultaneously, the commercial potential of nanotechnology has become app- ent to most high-technology industries, as well as to some industries that are tra- tionally not viewed as high-technology (such as textiles). Much of the rapid growth came through the inventions of physicists and chemists who were able to develop nanotechnology products (nanomaterials) through a dizzying array of routes, and who began to interface directly with biological entities at the nanometer scale. That growth continues unabated.