Degradation of MTBE and TBA in Aqueous Solution by Ozone/UV Process

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Degradation of MTBE and TBA in Aqueous Solution by Ozone/UV Process by : Temesgen Garoma Ararsso

Download or read book Degradation of MTBE and TBA in Aqueous Solution by Ozone/UV Process written by Temesgen Garoma Ararsso and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is currently the leading contaminant of groundwater in the United States. The widespread presence of MTBE along with its degradation by-product, tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), in groundwater has created great concern in the scientific community because MTBE and TBA are suspected as possible human carcinogens. In this research, the degradation of MTBE and TBA in aqueous solution by O33/UV process has been investigated. Laboratory studies were conducted using a semi-batch reactor under various experimental conditions, i.e., incident UV light intensity, influent ozone gas concentration, and water quality in terms of varying bicarbonate concentration. Furthermore, the O33/UV process was modeled by using oxalic acid as a probe chemical. Oxalic acid was oxidized by O33/UV process under various experimental conditions; and the model successfully predicted the residual concentration of oxalic acid. In order to understand the degradation mechanisms of MTBE and TBA, a comprehensive kinetic model that describes the degradations of MTBE, TBA and their intermediates by O33/UV process was proposed. The model was calibrated using experimental data on MTBE and TBA spiked in synthetic solution. An attempt was made to verify the kinetic model using different sets of experimental data. The model predicted well the removal of MTBE and TBA; however, the accumulation and decay of some primarily intermediates were predicted with slight variations. Finally, real groundwater samples contaminated with MTBE and TBA were oxidized by O33/UV process under various experimental conditions. It was observed that the removal rate of MTBE and TBA was reduced by the presence of other gasoline components, such as BTEX. Furthermore, for groundwater sample without iron the kinetic model predicted the degradation of MTBE as well as accumulation and decay of reaction intermediates with slight variations. In conclusion, this research provides valuable information on the degradation mechanisms of MTBE, TBA, and their intermediates. The O33/UV process was very successful in degrading MTBE and TBA in aqueous solution. Moreover, it was observed that the reaction intermediates react well in the O33/UV process, and complete mineralization could be achieved, if desired.

Removal of MTBE with Advanced Oxidation Processes

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Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843398613
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Removal of MTBE with Advanced Oxidation Processes by : Michael Kavanaugh

Download or read book Removal of MTBE with Advanced Oxidation Processes written by Michael Kavanaugh and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this project was to perform a careful evaluation of the technical and economic feasibility of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) removal. Specifically, the first objective of this project was to identify and fill data gaps related to the implementation and operation of AOPs with respect to MTBE removal. The second objective was to select and optimize the design of the most promising AOP(s) as a function of water quality parameters. The third objective was to determine conceptual-level engineering costs for these selected AOPs. The AOP technologies that were evaluated as part of this study included ozone/peroxide, continuous wave UV/peroxide, pulsed UV/peroxide, and E beam. The AOP technologies were compared with treatment costs, qualitative factors (e.g., technology reliability, flexibility), and influent and treated water quality considerations. Based on the comparative analysis, it was concluded that all the AOP technologies that were evaluated in this study are capable of removing MTBE at 95% or higher efficiencies. Ozone/peroxide and continuous UV/peroxide appear to be the most feasible technologies for AOP treatment of MTBE in drinking water sources. Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003

Investigation of MTBE Degradation Using Advanced Oxidation Technologies [microform] : UV

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Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780612913271
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of MTBE Degradation Using Advanced Oxidation Technologies [microform] : UV by : Yujing Zang

Download or read book Investigation of MTBE Degradation Using Advanced Oxidation Technologies [microform] : UV written by Yujing Zang and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2004 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) present in drinking water sources poses a potential threat to human health. In this study, three advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were investigated for MTBE degradation: UV/H 2O2, UV/TiO2, and UV/TiO2/H2O 2. MTBE degradation was found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetics in all the three processes, and the rate constant (k) was affected by the concentrations of H2O2 and TiO 2. But higher concentration levels demonstrated a diminishing return on the reaction rate since excessive H2O2 would act as ·OH scavenger and more TiO2 would block the light passage. The addition of H2O2 to the UV/TiO2 system displayed a negative influence on MTBE degradation compared to the UV/TiO 2 system. Increasing light intensity enhanced MTBE degradation in the UV/H2O2 process (k & prop; IavgH) and the UV/TiO2 processes (k & prop; IavgT). Two mathematical models were proposed to estimate the rate constants with respect to the average light intensity in the solution (I avgH) and H2O2 concentration in the UV/H 2O2 process, and average light intensity in the solution (IavgT) and TiO2 concentration in the UV/TiO2 process.

Handbook of MTBE and Other Gasoline Oxygenates

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824752015
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of MTBE and Other Gasoline Oxygenates by : Halim Hamid

Download or read book Handbook of MTBE and Other Gasoline Oxygenates written by Halim Hamid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-03-11 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents the outlook for future production and consumption of MTBE and other oxygenates worldwide and studies new catalytic systems and modern methods for the synthesis and commercial production of methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE) and related ethers. The scope of this sophisticated guide extends from process chemistry fundamentals and reaction kinetics to environmental remediation technologies and industry responses to conflicting calls for MTBE phase-out and higher-octane products. Well-illustrated with over 200 figures and tables, this authoritative Handbook details bioremediation, air stripping, and oxidation and adsorption processes for MTBE removal.

Fuel Oxygenates

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Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540726411
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis Fuel Oxygenates by : Damià Barceló

Download or read book Fuel Oxygenates written by Damià Barceló and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals mainly with the problems associated with the contamination of groundwater by MTBE and TBA, but ETBE is also considered. The book, written by recognized specialists in the field, is organized in sections covering state-of-the-art analytical methods, including specific isotopic analysis, occurrence in the environment, transport and degradation processes, treatment technologies and human health risks.

Biodegradation of MTBE and TBA by Methylibium Petroleiphilum PM1 and Microbial Consortia from MTBE-contaminated Aquifers

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Biodegradation of MTBE and TBA by Methylibium Petroleiphilum PM1 and Microbial Consortia from MTBE-contaminated Aquifers by : Vincent T. Battaglia

Download or read book Biodegradation of MTBE and TBA by Methylibium Petroleiphilum PM1 and Microbial Consortia from MTBE-contaminated Aquifers written by Vincent T. Battaglia and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Physiology and Enzymology of Aerobic MTBE and TBA Biodegradation

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (656 download)

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Book Synopsis Physiology and Enzymology of Aerobic MTBE and TBA Biodegradation by :

Download or read book Physiology and Enzymology of Aerobic MTBE and TBA Biodegradation written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), a widely used gasoline oxygenate, has been added to gasoline over the past 25 years to increase the octane rating and reduce air pollution from vehicle emissions. tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA) has also been used as a gasoline oxygenate and is a key intermediate in the biodegradation of MTBE. The frequent detection of these compounds as ground water contaminants has raised public health concerns and addresses the need for their remediation. This research focuses on the characterization of the physiology and enzymology of microorganisms able to grow on MTBE and TBA. In this study, we isolated and characterized two aerobic bacterial strains able to utilize TBA as a sole source of carbon and energy. Strains, Hydrogenophaga G2B2 and Aquincola S1B1 rapidly oxidized TBA, but were unable to grow on MTBE or oxidize MTBE after growth on TBA. Using a novel approach combining a fluorinated analog of TBA, 2-trifluoromethyl-2-propanol (TFMP), with 19F-nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR) spectroscopy, we also report the detection of the initial TBA biodegradation pathway intermediates 2-methyl-1,2-propanediol (2M12PD) and 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (2HIBA) with both strains S1B1 and G2B2. We also demonstrated the cometabolic oxidation of MTBE by a defined co-culture containing Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and our isolate Aquincola S1B1. MTBE degradation was achieved through the n-alkane dependent cometabolic oxidation of MTBE by strain KR1 with the subsequent assimilation of TBA by strain S1B1. We also report the identification of polypeptides induced after the growth of strain S1B1 on TBA. Our initial results suggest that these proteins are enzymes associated with TBA oxidation in this strain. Our final study examined the biodegradation of MTBE by the MTBE-metabolizing strain Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1. Our results demonstrated that the MTBE biodegradation pathway of strain PM1 includes the intermediates TBA, 2M12PD, and 2HIBA. Furthermore, our.

Treatment of MTBE Contaminated Waters Using Air Stripping and Advanced Oxidation Processes

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (637 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment of MTBE Contaminated Waters Using Air Stripping and Advanced Oxidation Processes by :

Download or read book Treatment of MTBE Contaminated Waters Using Air Stripping and Advanced Oxidation Processes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The widespread use of the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) has led to the contamination of both surface and groundwater supplies. This study evaluates the treatment of MTBE contaminated drinking water using air stripping and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) on a pilot scale. The treatment efficiency of the air stripper was evaluated at different air/water ratios ranging from 105:1 to 206:1. Although a treatment efficiency of>99% was achieved for each of the air/water ratio studied, the depth of the packing required to achieve this efficiency increased with decreasing air/water ratio. The adsorption studies conducted on MTBE laden off-gas from the air stripper showed that granular activated carbon (GAC) has a higher adsorptive capacity than the carbonaceous polymeric resin. Experiments conducted at different off-gas relative humidity (RH) of 20%, 30% and 50% reveal that the GAC adsorptive capacity decreased with increasing RH, whereas, the RH did not impact the resin adsorptive capacity. Ozone/hydrogen peroxide (O3/H2O2), ozone/UV (O3/UV), hydrogen peroxide/UV (H2O2/UV), and ozone/hydrogen peroxide/UV (O3/H2O2/UV) are the four AOPs evaluated in this study. An increase in the recycle ratio by 100% resulted in a 5% increase in the treatment efficiency. A treatment effectiveness of 98% was achieved with the use of O3/UV process at an O3 concentration of 5.8 mg/L. The experimental results have shown that the O3/H2O2 process is a slightly more effective (2 to 3% more) treatment process than the O3/UV process at the same O3 concentrations and a H2O2:O3 molar ratio of 1.4:1. Increased treatment efficiencies were observed with increasing H2O2:O3 molar ratios, with the optimum ratio for maximum treatment efficiency being 1:1. Non-detectable levels of MTBE were recorded in the O3/H2O2/UV process, at an O3 dosage of 5.8 mg/L and a H2O2:O3 molar ratio of 1.4:1. The O3/H2O2/UV process was more effective than the O3/H2O2 process at lower H2O2:O3 molar ratios and at ratios above 1:1, the difference in the treatment efficiencies was negligible. Tert-butyl formate, tert-butyl alcohol), methyl acetate and acetone were the major oxidation by-products identified in all the AOPS. The conducted cost analyses revealed that air stripping was the most cost effective treatment process compared to the AOPs.

Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment

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Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1780407181
Total Pages : 712 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment by : Mihaela I. Stefan

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment written by Mihaela I. Stefan and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-15 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) rely on the efficient generation of reactive radical species and are increasingly attractive options for water remediation from a wide variety of organic micropollutants of human health and/or environmental concern. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment covers the key advanced oxidation processes developed for chemical contaminant destruction in polluted water sources, some of which have been implemented successfully at water treatment plants around the world. The book is structured in two sections; the first part is dedicated to the most relevant AOPs, whereas the topics covered in the second section include the photochemistry of chemical contaminants in the aquatic environment, advanced water treatment for water reuse, implementation of advanced treatment processes for drinking water production at a state-of-the art water treatment plant in Europe, advanced treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater, and green technologies for water remediation. The advanced oxidation processes discussed in the book cover the following aspects: - Process principles including the most recent scientific findings and interpretation. - Classes of compounds suitable to AOP treatment and examples of reaction mechanisms. - Chemical and photochemical degradation kinetics and modelling. - Water quality impact on process performance and practical considerations on process parameter selection criteria. - Process limitations and byproduct formation and strategies to mitigate any potential adverse effects on the treated water quality. - AOP equipment design and economics considerations. - Research studies and outcomes. - Case studies relevant to process implementation to water treatment. - Commercial applications. - Future research needs. Advanced Oxidation Processes for Water Treatment presents the most recent scientific and technological achievements in process understanding and implementation, and addresses to anyone interested in water remediation, including water industry professionals, consulting engineers, regulators, academics, students. Editor: Mihaela I. Stefan - Trojan Technologies - Canada

From Microorganisms to Engineered Systems

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (121 download)

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Book Synopsis From Microorganisms to Engineered Systems by : Xiaolin Wang

Download or read book From Microorganisms to Engineered Systems written by Xiaolin Wang and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118210557
Total Pages : 1109 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants by : Black & Veatch Corporation

Download or read book White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants written by Black & Veatch Corporation and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New edition covers the latest practices, regulations, and alternative disinfectants Since the publication of the Fourth Edition of White's Handbook of Chlorination and Alternative Disinfectants more than ten years ago, the water industry has made substantial advances in their understanding and application of chlorine, hypochlorite, and alternative disinfectants for water and wastewater treatment. This Fifth Edition, with its extensive updates and revisions, reflects the current state of the science as well as the latest practices. Balancing theory with practice, the Fifth Edition covers such important topics as: Advances in the use of UV and ozone as disinfectants Alternative disinfectants such as chlorine dioxide, iodine, and bromine-related products Advanced oxidation processes for drinking water and wastewater treatment New developments and information for the production and handling of chlorine Latest regulations governing the use of different disinfectants For each disinfectant, the book explains its chemistry, effectiveness, dosing, equipment, and system design requirements. Moreover, the advantages and disadvantages of each disinfectant are clearly set forth. References at the end of each chapter guide readers to the primary literature for further investigation. Authored and reviewed by leading experts in the field of water and wastewater treatment, this Fifth Edition remains an ideal reference for utilities, regulators, engineers, and plant operators who need current information on the disinfection of potable water, wastewater, industrial water, and swimming pools.

Practical Sonochemistry

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Publisher : Ellis Horwood
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Practical Sonochemistry by : T. J. Mason

Download or read book Practical Sonochemistry written by T. J. Mason and published by Ellis Horwood. This book was released on 1991 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The uses of ultrasound in chemistry are examined from a laboratory-oriented viewpoint in this text. The author analyzes the types of ultrasonic equipment available and describes the correct assembly of laboratory apparatus for particular tasks.

Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality

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Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 : 9789241545037
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (45 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality by : World Health Organization

Download or read book Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume describes the methods used in the surveillance of drinking water quality in the light of the special problems of small-community supplies, particularly in developing countries, and outlines the strategies necessary to ensure that surveillance is effective.

Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites

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Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278139
Total Pages : 423 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites by : National Research Council

Download or read book Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-02-27 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, thousands of hazardous waste sites are contaminated with chemicals that prevent the underlying groundwater from meeting drinking water standards. These include Superfund sites and other facilities that handle and dispose of hazardous waste, active and inactive dry cleaners, and leaking underground storage tanks; many are at federal facilities such as military installations. While many sites have been closed over the past 30 years through cleanup programs run by the U.S. Department of Defense, the U.S. EPA, and other state and federal agencies, the remaining caseload is much more difficult to address because the nature of the contamination and subsurface conditions make it difficult to achieve drinking water standards in the affected groundwater. Alternatives for Managing the Nation's Complex Contaminated Groundwater Sites estimates that at least 126,000 sites across the U.S. still have contaminated groundwater, and their closure is expected to cost at least $110 billion to $127 billion. About 10 percent of these sites are considered "complex," meaning restoration is unlikely to be achieved in the next 50 to 100 years due to technological limitations. At sites where contaminant concentrations have plateaued at levels above cleanup goals despite active efforts, the report recommends evaluating whether the sites should transition to long-term management, where risks would be monitored and harmful exposures prevented, but at reduced costs.

Advanced Oxidation Processes

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Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1789848903
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (898 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Oxidation Processes by : Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte

Download or read book Advanced Oxidation Processes written by Ciro Bustillo-Lecompte and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-06-10 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advanced Oxidation Processes – Applications, Trends, and Prospects constitutes a comprehensive resource for civil, chemical, and environmental engineers researching in the field of water and wastewater treatment. The book covers the fundamentals, applications, and future work in Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) as an attractive alternative and a complementary treatment option to conventional methods. This book also presents state-of-the-art research on AOPs and heterogeneous catalysis while covering recent progress and trends, including the application of AOPs at the laboratory, pilot, or industrial scale, the combination of AOPs with other technologies, hybrid processes, process intensification, reactor design, scale-up, and optimization. The book is divided into four sections: Introduction to Advanced Oxidation Processes, General Concepts of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Fenton and Ferrate in Wastewater Treatment, and Industrial Applications, Trends, and Prospects.

Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment

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Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843393131
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment by : Clemens von Sonntag

Download or read book Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Clemens von Sonntag and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2012-08-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though ozone has been applied for a long time for disinfection and oxidation in water treatment, there is lack of critical information related to transformation of organic compounds. This has become more important in recent years, because there is considerable concern about the formation of potentially harmful degradation products as well as oxidation products from the reaction with the matrix components. In recent years, a wealth of information on the products that are formed has accumulated, and substantial progress in understanding mechanistic details of ozone reactions in aqueous solution has been made. Based on the latter, this may allow us to predict the products of as yet not studied systems and assist in evaluating toxic potentials in case certain classes are known to show such effects. Keeping this in mind, Chemistry of Ozone in Water and Wastewater Treatment: From Basic Principles to Applications discusses mechanistic details of ozone reactions as much as they are known to date and applies them to the large body of studies on micropollutant degradation (such as pharmaceuticals and endocrine disruptors) that is already available. Extensively quoting the literature and updating the available compilation of ozone rate constants gives the reader a text at hand on which his research can be based. Moreover, those that are responsible for planning or operation of ozonation steps in drinking water and wastewater treatment plants will find salient information in a compact form that otherwise is quite disperse. A critical compilation of rate constants for the various classes of compounds is given in each chapter, including all the recent publications. This is a very useful source of information for researchers and practitioners who need kinetic information on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, each chapter contains a large selection of examples of reaction mechanisms for the transformation of micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fuel additives, solvents, taste and odor compounds, cyanotoxins. Authors: Prof. Dr. Clemens von Sonntag, Max-Planck-Institut für Bioanorganische Chemie, Mülheim an der Ruhr, and Instrumentelle Analytische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany and Prof. Dr. Urs von Gunten, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, and Ecole Polytechnique Federal de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 352760863X
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle by : Thorsten Reemtsma

Download or read book Organic Pollutants in the Water Cycle written by Thorsten Reemtsma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first in-depth and comprehensive reference on the most pertinent polar contaminant classes and their behavior in the whole water cycle includes, among others, industrial chemicals, consumer products, polar herbicides and pharmaceuticals. All chapters are uniformly structured, covering properties, pollution sources, occurrence in wastewater, surface water, and groundwater as well as water treatment aspects, while ecotoxicological and assessment aspects are also covered. Among the authors are leading experts in their relevant fields, many of whom provide here groundbreaking research results. The result is an up-to-date information source for researchers and professionals working in water quality monitoring, water supply, or wastewater treatment, as well as environmental and water chemists, geochemists, ecologists, chemists and engineers.