Defensive Mutualism In Microbial Symbiosis

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Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis

Author : James F. White Jr.
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420069327
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (693 download)

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Book Synopsis Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis by : James F. White Jr.

Download or read book Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis written by James F. White Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-05-26 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anemones and fish, ants and acacia trees, fungus and trees, buffaloes and oxpeckers--each of these unlikely duos is an inimitable partnership in which the species’ coexistence is mutually beneficial. More specifically, they represent examples of defensive mutualism, when one species receives protection against predators or parasites in exchange for offering shelter or food to its partner species. Explores the Diverse Range of Defensive Mutualisms Involving Microbial Symbionts The past 20 years, since this phenomenon first began receiving attention, have been marked by a deluge of research in a variety of organism kingdoms and much has been discovered about this intriguing behavior. Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis includes basic ecological and biological information on defensive mutualisms, explores how they function, and evaluates how they have evolved. It also looks at the implications of symbiosis defensive compounds as a new frontier in bioexploration for drug and natural product discovery--the first book to explore this possibility. Chapters Written by Field Authorities The book expands the concept of defensive mutualisms to evaluate defense against environmental abiotic and biotic stresses. Addressing the topic of defensive mutualisms in microbial symbiosis across this wide spectrum, it includes chapters on defensive mutualistic associations involving multiple kingdoms of organisms in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems--plant, animal, fungi, bacteria, and protozoans. Defensive Mutualism in Microbial Symbiosis unifies scattered findings into a single compendium, providing a valuable reference for field researchers and those in academia to assimilate and acquire a knowledgeable perspective on defensive mutualism, particularly those involving microbial partners.

The Mechanistic Benefits of Microbial Symbionts

Author : Christon J. Hurst
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319280686
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (192 download)

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Book Synopsis The Mechanistic Benefits of Microbial Symbionts by : Christon J. Hurst

Download or read book The Mechanistic Benefits of Microbial Symbionts written by Christon J. Hurst and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-24 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms that produce successful symbiotic partnerships involving microorganisms. It begins with a basic introduction to the nature of and mechanistic benefits derived from symbiotic associations. Taking that background knowledge as the starting point, the next sections include chapters that examine representative examples of coevolutionary associations that have developed between species of microbes, as well as associations between microbes and plants. The authors conclude with a section covering a broad range of associations between microbes and invertebrate animals, in which they discuss the spectrum of hosts, with examples ranging from bryozoans and corals to nematodes, arthropods, and cephalopods. Join the authors on this journey of understanding!

Mutualism

Author : Judith L. Bronstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 019967566X
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (996 download)

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Book Synopsis Mutualism by : Judith L. Bronstein

Download or read book Mutualism written by Judith L. Bronstein and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mutualisms, interactions between two species that benefit both of them, have long captured the public imagination. Their influence transcends levels of biological organisation from cells to populations, communities, and ecosystems. Focusing on a range of ecological and evolutionary aspects over different scales (from individual to ecosystem), the chapters in this book provide expert coverage of our current understanding of mutualism whilst highlighting the most important questions that remain to be answered.

Symbiosis

Author : Surindar Paracer
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195118073
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbiosis by : Surindar Paracer

Download or read book Symbiosis written by Surindar Paracer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2000 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking account of developments over the last decade, this 2nd edition addresses advances in the field and the emergence of fields such as cellular microbiology, immunoparasitology and cytobiology which have revealed new aspects of symbiosis.

Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 008102987X
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis by :

Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects engage in intimate associations with microbial symbionts that colonize their digestive systems or internal cells and tissues. The stability and near ubiquity of many of these "symbioses" implies their importance, a prediction supported through experimentation. With the advancing power of experimental methodologies and the growing accessibility of genomic techniques, insect science has reached a powerful new stage enabling the study of previously recalcitrant symbioses, including several with medical and agricultural significance. In this volume we publish a collection of chapters focused on the physiology of insect-microbe symbioses, emphasizing their mechanistic underpinnings, and the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of these interactions. Resident microbes modulate insect digestion, nutrition, detoxification, reproduction, interspecies signaling, and host-parasite interactions, and these chapters synthesize impactful, state-of-the art research on insect-microbe symbioses. Through discussions of the mechanisms that both stabilize and regulate these symbioses, these chapters yield further insight into the physiological integration between many insects and their influential microbial partners. A broad look at the wide range of symbiont roles and impacts throughout Insecta Molecular and genomic-assisted insights into the diversity and function of symbioses Insights into the influence and integration of symbionts from medically and agriculturally important insects

Microbial Symbioses

Author : Sebastien Duperron
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0081021186
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Symbioses by : Sebastien Duperron

Download or read book Microbial Symbioses written by Sebastien Duperron and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plants and animals have evolved ever since their appearance in a largely microbial world. Their own cells are less numerous than the microorganisms that they host and with whom they interact closely. The study of these interactions, termed microbial symbioses, has benefited from the development of new conceptual and technical tools. We are gaining an increasing understanding of the functioning, evolution and central importance of symbiosis in the biosphere. Since the origin of eukaryotic cells, microscopic organisms of our planet have integrated our very existence into their ways of life. The interaction between host and symbiont brings into question the notion of the individual and the traditional representation of the evolution of species, and the manipulation of symbioses facilitates fascinating new perspectives in biotechnology and health. Recent discoveries show that association is one of the main properties of organisms, making a more integrated view of biology necessary. Microbial Symbioses provides a deliberately “symbiocentric outlook, to exhibit how the exploration of microbial symbioses enriches our understanding of life, and the potential future for this discipline. Offers a concise summary of the most recent discoveries in the field Shows how symbiosis is acquiring a central role in the biology of the 21st century by transforming our understanding of living things Presents scientific issues, but also societal and economic related issues (biodiversity, biotechnology) through examples from all branches of the tree of life

Microbial Evolution

Author : Howard Ochman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781621820376
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Microbial Evolution by : Howard Ochman

Download or read book Microbial Evolution written by Howard Ochman and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacteria have been the dominant forms of life on Earth for the past 3.5 billion years. They rapidly evolve, constantly changing their genetic architecture through horizontal DNA transfer and other mechanisms. Consequently, it can be difficult to define individual species and determine how they are related. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines how bacteria and other microbes evolve, focusing on insights from genomics-based studies. Contributors discuss the origins of new microbial populations, the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that keep species separate once they have diverged, and the challenges of constructing phylogenetic trees that accurately reflect their relationships. They describe the organization of microbial genomes, the various mutations that occur, including the birth of new genes de novo and by duplication, and how natural selection acts on those changes. The role of horizontal gene transfer as a strong driver of microbial evolution is emphasized throughout. The authors also explore the geologic evidence for early microbial evolution and describe the use of microbial evolution experiments to examine phenomena like natural selection. This volume will thus be essential reading for all microbial ecologists, population geneticists, and evolutionary biologists.

Insect Symbiosis

Author : Kostas Bourtzis
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420064117
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Symbiosis by : Kostas Bourtzis

Download or read book Insect Symbiosis written by Kostas Bourtzis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-28 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The associations between insects and microorganisms, while pervasive and of paramount ecological importance, have been relatively poorly understood. The third book in this set, Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3, complements the previous volumes in exploring this somewhat uncharted territory. Like its predecessors, Volume 3 illustrates how symbiosis research has important ramifications for evolutionary biology, microbiology, parasitology, physiology, genetics, and animal behavior, and is especially relevant to the control of agricultural and disease-carrying pests worldwide. Insect Symbiosis, Volume 3, includes pioneering chapters on Paratransgenesis in termites, Bacterial symbionts in anopheles spp. and other mosquito vectors, Endosymbionts of lice, and the Structure and function of the bacterial community associated with the Mediterranean fruit fly. These individual studies suggest practical applications in pest control involving novel, pesticide-free, biological control approaches. This new volume adds to the growing body of knowledge on the ubiquitous endosymbiont Wolbachia. This bacterial genus and its potential as a weapon against insect pests and vectors have been covered in the first two volumes of Insect Symbiosis. Volume 3 contains chapters on Wolbachia and anopheles mosquitoes, Feminizing Wolbachia and the evolution of sex determination in isopods, and Wolbachia–induced sex reversal in Lepidoptera. The book examines symbiotic relationships in the context of how host organisms recognize their own cells as self and other cells or potentially parasitic or pathogenic organisms as nonself, allowing researchers to make predictions of compatible and incompatible interactions. Following in the tradition of the first two volumes, this book serves as a great reference on host-parasitic relationships for professionals from a broad range of disciplines.

The Social Biology of Microbial Communities

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309264324
Total Pages : 633 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Social Biology of Microbial Communities by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.

In the Light of Evolution

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : Sackler Colloquium
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis In the Light of Evolution by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book In the Light of Evolution written by National Academy of Sciences and published by Sackler Colloquium. This book was released on 2007 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arthur M. Sackler Colloquia of the National Academy of Sciences address scientific topics of broad and current interest, cutting across the boundaries of traditional disciplines. Each year, four or five such colloquia are scheduled, typically two days in length and international in scope. Colloquia are organized by a member of the Academy, often with the assistance of an organizing committee, and feature presentations by leading scientists in the field and discussions with a hundred or more researchers with an interest in the topic. Colloquia presentations are recorded and posted on the National Academy of Sciences Sackler colloquia website and published on CD-ROM. These Colloquia are made possible by a generous gift from Mrs. Jill Sackler, in memory of her husband, Arthur M. Sackler.

The Ecology of Marine Fishes

Author : Dr. Larry G. Allen
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520932471
Total Pages : 1353 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Marine Fishes by : Dr. Larry G. Allen

Download or read book The Ecology of Marine Fishes written by Dr. Larry G. Allen and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006-02-15 with total page 1353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine fishes have been intensively studied, and some of the fundamental ideas in the science of marine ecology have emerged from the body of knowledge derived from this diverse group of organisms. This unique, authoritative, and accessible reference, compiled by 35 luminary ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists, provides a synthesis and interpretation of the large, often daunting, body of information on the ecology of marine fishes. The focus is on the fauna of the eastern Pacific, especially the fishes of the California coast, a group among the most diverse and best studied of all marine ecosystems. A generously illustrated and comprehensive source of information, this volume will also be an important launching pad for future research and will shed new light on the study of marine fish ecology worldwide. The contributors touch on many fields in biology, including physiology, development, genetics, behavior, ecology, and evolution. The book includes sections on the history of research, both published and unpublished data, sections on collecting techniques, and references to important earlier studies.

Symbiotic Associations

Author : Society for General Microbiology. Symposium
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Symbiotic Associations by : Society for General Microbiology. Symposium

Download or read book Symbiotic Associations written by Society for General Microbiology. Symposium and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1963 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Insect Behavior

Author : Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192518097
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis Insect Behavior by : Alex Córdoba-Aguilar

Download or read book Insect Behavior written by Alex Córdoba-Aguilar and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2018-07-19 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects display a staggering diversity of behaviors. Studying these systems provides insights into a wide range of ecological, evolutionary, and behavioral questions including the genetics of behavior, phenotypic plasticity, chemical communication, and the evolution of life-history traits. This accessible text offers a new approach that provides the reader with the necessary theoretical and conceptual foundations, at different hierarchical levels, to understand insect behavior. The book is divided into three main sections: mechanisms, ecological and evolutionary consequences, and applied issues. The final section places the preceding chapters within a framework of current threats to human survival - climate change, disease, and food security - before providing suggestions and insights as to how we can utilize an understanding of insect behavior to control and/or ameliorate them. Each chapter provides a concise, authoritative review of the conceptual, theoretical, and methodological foundations of each topic.

The Art of Being a Parasite

Author : Claude Combes
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022677872X
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (267 download)

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Book Synopsis The Art of Being a Parasite by : Claude Combes

Download or read book The Art of Being a Parasite written by Claude Combes and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2020-06-05 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parasites are a masterful work of evolutionary art. The tiny mite Histiostoma laboratorium, a parasite of Drosophila, launches itself, in an incredible display of evolutionary engineering, like a surface-to-air missile at a fruit fly far above its head. Gravid mussels such as Lampsilis ventricosa undulate excitedly as they release their parasitic larval offspring, conning greedy predators in search of a tasty meal into hosting the parasite. The Art of Being a Parasite is an extensive collection of these and other wonderful and weird stories that illuminate the ecology and evolution of interactions between species. Claude Combes illustrates what it means to be a parasite by considering every stage of its interactions, from invading to reproducing and leaving the host. An accessible and engaging follow-up to Combes's Parasitism, this book will be of interest to both scholars and nonspecialists in the fields of biodiversity, natural history, ecology, public health, and evolution.

The Ecology of Secondary Microbial Symbionts

Author : Charlotte Barnet Francoeur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The Ecology of Secondary Microbial Symbionts by : Charlotte Barnet Francoeur

Download or read book The Ecology of Secondary Microbial Symbionts written by Charlotte Barnet Francoeur and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Microbes influence the evolutionary trajectories of animals through symbiosis, which ranges from parasitic to mutualistic associations. Fungus-growing ants engage in multiple microbial symbioses, including an obligate mutualism with a fungus, Leucoagaricus spp., which is the ants' main food source and is cultivated into structures known as 'fungus gardens.' In addition, Escovopsis is a system-specific fungal parasite that destroys Leucoagaricus hyphae. The interactions between the ants, Leucoagaricus, and Escovopsis represent ancient co-evolving symbioses with well-described roles. However, other microbial symbioses within the system are less explored. Metagenomic studies revealed a consistent bacterial community in fungus gardens dominated by Proteobacteria, but the specific functional roles of most of these bacteria are unknown. Likewise, one metagenomic study found bacteriophage in fungus gardens, yet virus presence and dynamics are poorly described. Overall, the goal of my research is to investigate the function and diversity of the understudied secondary bacterial and viral communities present within the multipartite symbiosis of fungus-growing ants. In this dissertation, I use interdisciplinary approaches to assess the functional capacity of bacteria that associate with fungus gardens and to explore viral diversity in the fungus-growing ant system for the first time. In Chapter 2, I explore the ability of fungus garden bacteria to detoxify plant secondary compounds that are harmful to the fungal mutualist, Leucoagaricus spp. Using methods including isolation of bacterial and fungal strains, phenotypic and genomic analyses, and gas-chromatography to quantify toxin degradation, I concluded that plant secondary compound detoxification is a polymicrobial process that includes multiple fungus garden bacterial community members and the fungal mutualist. These microbial associations enable leaf-cutter ants to be the successful generalist herbivores that they are. In Chapter 3, I describe the role of fungus garden-associated bacteria in the genus Burkholderia as potential defensive symbionts that protect the ants against the parasitic fungus Escovopsis. Using selective isolations of bacteria in the family Burkholderiaceae, genomic analysis, competitive bioassays, and analytical chemistry techniques, I found that Burkholderia sp. can inhibit Escovopsis via the production of two synergistic or additive antifungals, pyrrolnitrin and burkholdine1213. In Chapter 4, I performed virus-enriched metagenomic and metatranscriptomic sequencing of fungus-growing ants and Leucoagaricus spp. to identify viruses that associate with the system. Here, I identified 34 eukaryotic viruses that associate with either ant or fungal tissue, with certain viruses demonstrating evolutionary congruence with ant host phylogeny. Overall, my work sheds light on the secondary microbial interactions and functions within the fungus-growing ant system. Together, these studies enhance our knowledge of how fungus-growing ants associate with a diversity of microbes to succeed in the presence of biotic stressors, underscoring the importance of symbiotic microbes on the evolution and ecology of their host.

Symbiotic Fungi

Author : Ajit Varma
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540958940
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis Symbiotic Fungi by : Ajit Varma

Download or read book Symbiotic Fungi written by Ajit Varma and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symbiotic Fungi – Principles and Practice presents current protocols for the study of symbiotic fungi and their interactions with plant roots, such as techniques for analyzing nutrient transfer, ecological restoration, microbial communication, and mycorrhizal bioassays, AM inoculum procedures and mushroom technology. The protocols offer practical solutions for researchers and students involved in the study of symbiotic microorganisms. The volume will be of great use for basic research, biotechnological applications, and the development of commercial products.

Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0081029888
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (81 download)

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Book Synopsis Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis by :

Download or read book Mechanisms Underlying Microbial Symbiosis written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insects engage in intimate associations with microbial symbionts that colonize their digestive systems or internal cells and tissues. The stability and near ubiquity of many of these "symbioses" implies their importance, a prediction supported through experimentation. With the advancing power of experimental methodologies and the growing accessibility of genomic techniques, insect science has reached a powerful new stage enabling the study of previously recalcitrant symbioses, including several with medical and agricultural significance. In this volume we publish a collection of chapters focused on the physiology of insect-microbe symbioses, emphasizing their mechanistic underpinnings, and the ecological and evolutionary causes and consequences of these interactions. Resident microbes modulate insect digestion, nutrition, detoxification, reproduction, interspecies signaling, and host-parasite interactions, and these chapters synthesize impactful, state-of-the art research on insect-microbe symbioses. Through discussions of the mechanisms that both stabilize and regulate these symbioses, these chapters yield further insight into the physiological integration between many insects and their influential microbial partners. A broad look at the wide range of symbiont roles and impacts throughout Insecta Molecular and genomic-assisted insights into the diversity and function of symbioses Insights into the influence and integration of symbionts from medically and agriculturally important insects