Deception Real Or Fake News

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Deception: Real or Fake News?

Author : Dona Herweck Rice
Publisher : Teacher Created Materials
ISBN 13 : 1425849946
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (258 download)

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Book Synopsis Deception: Real or Fake News? by : Dona Herweck Rice

Download or read book Deception: Real or Fake News? written by Dona Herweck Rice and published by Teacher Created Materials. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a lot of talk about "fake news" in the news lately. Being able to spot the difference between credible and non-credible sources is a vital 21st century skill to have. Learn the tricks and traps of deception and the skills required to achieve information literacy--and always get to the truth of the matter! Packed with fun facts and detailed sidebars, this informational text explores contemporary issues and high-interest, relevant subjects. Featuring TIME© content and images, this nonfiction book has important text features such as a glossary, an index, and a table of contents to engage students in reading as they build their comprehension, vocabulary, and reading skills. The Reader's Guide and extended Try It! activity increase understanding of the material, and develop higher-order thinking. Check It Out! offers print and online resources for additional reading. Keep students reading from cover to cover with this captivating text!

Deception: Real or Fake News?: Read-along ebook

Author : Dona Herweck Rice
Publisher : Teacher Created Materials
ISBN 13 : 1493866001
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (938 download)

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Book Synopsis Deception: Real or Fake News?: Read-along ebook by : Dona Herweck Rice

Download or read book Deception: Real or Fake News?: Read-along ebook written by Dona Herweck Rice and published by Teacher Created Materials. This book was released on 2020-11-11 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a lot of talk about "fake news" in the news lately. Being able to spot the difference between credible and non-credible sources is a vital 21st century skill to have. Learn the tricks and traps of deception and the skills required to achieve information literacy--and always get to the truth of the matter! Packed with fun facts and detailed sidebars, this informational text explores contemporary issues and high-interest, relevant subjects. Featuring TIME© content and images, this nonfiction book has important text features such as a glossary, an index, and a table of contents to engage students in reading as they build their comprehension, vocabulary, and reading skills. The Reader's Guide and extended Try It! activity increase understanding of the material, and develop higher-order thinking. Check It Out! offers print and online resources for additional reading. Keep students reading from cover to cover with this captivating text!

Detecting Deception

Author : Amanda Sturgill
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538141043
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Detecting Deception by : Amanda Sturgill

Download or read book Detecting Deception written by Amanda Sturgill and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2020-08-20 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Teaching fact checking and verification is an essential part of journalism education. When a confusing media environment includes statements like “Truth is not truth” and “The president offered alternative facts,” students need to go beyond traditional reporting standards. They need to be trained to consider the presentation of reality in deciding if a statement is misleading or patently false. Detecting Deception applies the concepts of logical argumentation to supplement the verification techniques that are the stock and trade of any media professional. Pithy and practical, Amanda Sturgill draws from present day news examples to help students recognize the most common bad arguments people make. Detecting Deception is an essential tool for training future journalists to build stories that recognize faulty arguments and hold their subjects to a higher standard.

Deception: Real or Fake News?

Author : Dona Herweck Rice
Publisher : Teacher Created Materials
ISBN 13 : 0743920953
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (439 download)

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Book Synopsis Deception: Real or Fake News? by : Dona Herweck Rice

Download or read book Deception: Real or Fake News? written by Dona Herweck Rice and published by Teacher Created Materials. This book was released on 2024-02-13 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fake news" has been in the news a lot lately. Being able to tell the difference between credible and non-credible news sources can be difficult, but it’s an essential skill to have. This nonfiction book teaches students how to tell the difference between real and fake news, and explores important topics and contemporary issues such as information literacy, journalism, advertising, primary sources, fact checking, and more. Created in partnership with TIME?, this nonfiction reader builds critical literacy skills while students are engaged in reading high-interest content. Reader’s Guide and Try It! provide extensive language-development activities to develop critical thinking; Table of contents, glossary, and index help increase comprehension and strengthen academic vocabulary; A fun culminating activity challenges students to write an unbiased news article on a controversial topic; Prepares students for college and career and aligns with state and national standards.

Deception: Real or Fake News?

Author : Dona Herweck Rice
Publisher : Triangle Interactive, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 168452413X
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (845 download)

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Book Synopsis Deception: Real or Fake News? by : Dona Herweck Rice

Download or read book Deception: Real or Fake News? written by Dona Herweck Rice and published by Triangle Interactive, Inc. . This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a lot of talk about "fake news" in the news lately. Being able to spot the difference between credible and non-credible sources is a vital 21st century skill to have. Learn the tricks and traps of deception and the skills required to achieve information literacy--and always get to the truth of the matter! Packed with fun facts and detailed sidebars, this informational text explores contemporary issues and high-interest, relevant subjects. Featuring TIME© content and images, this nonfiction book has important text features such as a glossary, an index, and a table of contents to engage students in reading as they build their comprehension, vocabulary, and reading skills. The Reader's Guide and extended Try It! activity increase understanding of the material, and develop higher-order thinking. Check It Out! offers print and online resources for additional reading. Keep students reading from cover to cover with this captivating text!

Real Fake News

Author : T. J. Coles
Publisher : Red Pill Press
ISBN 13 : 9780692196175
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (961 download)

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Book Synopsis Real Fake News by : T. J. Coles

Download or read book Real Fake News written by T. J. Coles and published by Red Pill Press. This book was released on 2018-09-20 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: President Trump and his alternative media supporters call the mainstream fake news. The mainstream calls the alternative media fake. But who is telling the truth? What is fake news? And are there parameters to define it? Fake news is everywhere and always has been. From the earliest records of the complex societies of ancient Babylon, Egypt, Greece and Rome right up to the modern age of internet algorithms, people with power on all sides of the political and religious divide have told untruths, partial truths and outright lies in an effort to maintain and expand their power. Whether it's simple money-making schemes online today (clickbait) or powerful political apparatus, including multimillion dollar parties, fake news is business as usual. In Real Fake News, T.J. Coles (Britain's Secret Wars) takes the reader on a journey, from the self- interested mysticism of ancient China and the atrocity propaganda of the British Empire, to the travelling medicine show quackery of 19th century America and the current abuse of authority by big pharma, the classic war photos which are actually staged and the online manipulation techniques of the secret services. Al-Qaeda released fraudulent Bin Laden tapes. Islamic State does green-screen. The US accuses Syria of using chemical weapons with no evidence. Coles demonstrates that fake news isn't confined to news media or to a simple 'we're right, you're wrong' dialectic. There's plenty of 'fake news' in the alternative media as well as in the mainstream. This book gives the reader a broader historical and cultural context and encourages ultra-skepticism and critical thinking.

Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online

Author : Chiluwa, Innocent E.
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1522585370
Total Pages : 651 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (225 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online by : Chiluwa, Innocent E.

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online written by Chiluwa, Innocent E. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-06-28 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing amount of false and misleading information on the internet has generated new concerns and quests for research regarding the study of deception and deception detection. Innovative methods that involve catching these fraudulent scams are constantly being perfected, but more material addressing these concerns is needed. The Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online provides broad perspectives, practices, and case studies on online deception. It also offers deception-detection methods on how to address the challenges of the various aspects of deceptive online communication and cyber fraud. While highlighting topics such as behavior analysis, cyber terrorism, and network security, this publication explores various aspects of deceptive behavior and deceptive communication on social media, as well as new methods examining the concepts of fake news and misinformation, character assassination, and political deception. This book is ideally designed for academicians, students, researchers, media specialists, and professionals involved in media and communications, cyber security, psychology, forensic linguistics, and information technology.

Deception: Real or Fake News? 6-Pack

Author :
Publisher : Teacher Created Materials
ISBN 13 : 142583423X
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (258 download)

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Book Synopsis Deception: Real or Fake News? 6-Pack by :

Download or read book Deception: Real or Fake News? 6-Pack written by and published by Teacher Created Materials. This book was released on 2018-08-01 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fake news" has been in the news a lot lately. Being able to tell the difference between credible and non-credible news sources can be difficult, but it's an essential skill to have. This title teaches students how to tell the difference between real and fake news, and explores important topics and contemporary issues such as information literacy, journalism, advertising, primary sources, fact checking, and more. Created in partnership with TIME©, this 6-Pack of nonfiction readers builds critical literacy skills while students are engaged in reading high-interest content. Reader's Guide and Try It! provide extensive language-development activities to develop critical thinking; Table of contents, glossary, and index help increase comprehension and strengthen academic vocabulary; A fun culminating activity challenges students to write an unbiased news article on a controversial topic; Prepares students for college and career and aligns with state and national standards. This 6-Pack includes six copies of this title and a content-area focused lesson plan.

Hoax: A History of Deception

Author : Ian Tattersall
Publisher : Black Dog & Leventhal
ISBN 13 : 0316503703
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Hoax: A History of Deception by : Ian Tattersall

Download or read book Hoax: A History of Deception written by Ian Tattersall and published by Black Dog & Leventhal. This book was released on 2018-03-20 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An entertaining collection of the most audacious and underhanded deceptions in the history of mankind, from sacred relics to financial schemes to fake art, music, and identities. World history is littered with tall tales and those who have fallen for them. Ian Tattersall, a curator emeritus at the American Museum of Natural History, has teamed up with Peter Névraumont to tell this anti-history of the world, in which Michelangelo fakes a masterpiece; Arctic explorers seek an entrance into a hollow Earth; a Shakespeare tragedy is "rediscovered"; a financial scheme inspires Charles Ponzi; a spirit photographer snaps Abraham Lincoln's ghost; people can survive ingesting only air and sunshine; Edgar Allen Poe is the forefather of fake news; and the first human was not only British but played cricket. Told chronologically, HOAX begins with the first documented announcement of the end of the world in 2800 BC and winds its way through controversial tales such as the Loch Ness Monster and the Shroud of Turin, past proven fakes such as the Thomas Jefferson's ancient wine and the Davenport Tablets built by a lost race, and explores bald-faced lies in the worlds of art, science, literature, journalism, and finance.

Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online

Author : Innocent Chiluwa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781787858695
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (586 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online by : Innocent Chiluwa

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online written by Innocent Chiluwa and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Research on Deception, Fake News, and Misinformation Online provides broad perspectives, practices, and case studies on online deception. It also offers deception-detection methods on how to address the challenges of the various aspects of deceptive online communication and cyber fraud.

Duped

Author : Timothy R. Levine
Publisher : University Alabama Press
ISBN 13 : 0817359680
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (173 download)

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Book Synopsis Duped by : Timothy R. Levine

Download or read book Duped written by Timothy R. Levine and published by University Alabama Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A scrupulous account that overturns many commonplace notions about how we can best detect lies and falsehoods From the advent of fake news to climate-science denial and Bernie Madoff's appeal to investors, people can be astonishingly gullible. Some people appear authentic and sincere even when the facts discredit them, and many people fall victim to conspiracy theories and economic scams that should be dismissed as obviously ludicrous. This happens because of a near-universal human tendency to operate within a mindset that can be characterized as a "truth-default." We uncritically accept most of the messages we receive as "honest." We all are perceptually blind to deception. We are hardwired to be duped. The question is, can anything be done to militate against our vulnerability to deception without further eroding the trust in people and social institutions that we so desperately need in civil society? Timothy R. Levine's Duped: Truth-Default Theory and the Social Science of Lying and Deception recounts a decades-long program of empirical research that culminates in a new theory of deception--truth-default theory. This theory holds that the content of incoming communication is typically and uncritically accepted as true, and most of the time, this is good. Truth-default allows humans to function socially. Further, because most deception is enacted by a few prolific liars, the so called "truth-bias" is not really a bias after all. Passive belief makes us right most of the time, but the catch is that it also makes us vulnerable to occasional deceit. Levine's research on lie detection and truth-bias has produced many provocative new findings over the years. He has uncovered what makes some people more believable than others and has discovered several ways to improve lie-detection accuracy. In Duped, Levine details where these ideas came from, how they were tested, and how the findings combine to produce a coherent new understanding of human deception and deception detection.

Navigating Fake News, Alternative Facts, and Misinformation in a Post-Truth World

Author : Dalkir, Kimiz
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799825450
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Navigating Fake News, Alternative Facts, and Misinformation in a Post-Truth World by : Dalkir, Kimiz

Download or read book Navigating Fake News, Alternative Facts, and Misinformation in a Post-Truth World written by Dalkir, Kimiz and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the current day and age, objective facts have less influence on opinions and decisions than personal emotions and beliefs. Many individuals rely on their social networks to gather information thanks to social media’s ability to share information rapidly and over a much greater geographic range. However, this creates an overall false balance as people tend to seek out information that is compatible with their existing views and values. They deliberately seek out “facts” and data that specifically support their conclusions and classify any information that contradicts their beliefs as “false news.” Navigating Fake News, Alternative Facts, and Misinformation in a Post-Truth World is a collection of innovative research on human and automated methods to deter the spread of misinformation online, such as legal or policy changes, information literacy workshops, and algorithms that can detect fake news dissemination patterns in social media. While highlighting topics including source credibility, share culture, and media literacy, this book is ideally designed for social media managers, technology and software developers, IT specialists, educators, columnists, writers, editors, journalists, broadcasters, newscasters, researchers, policymakers, and students.

Liars

Author : Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197545130
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Liars by : Cass R. Sunstein

Download or read book Liars written by Cass R. Sunstein and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A powerful analysis of why lies and falsehoods spread so rapidly now, and how we can reform our laws and policies regarding speech to alleviate the problem. Lying has been with us from time immemorial. Yet today is different-and in many respects worse. All over the world, people are circulating damaging lies, and these falsehoods are amplified as never before through powerful social media platforms that reach billions. Liars are saying that COVID-19 is a hoax. They are claiming that vaccines cause autism. They are lying about public officials and about people who aspire to high office. They are lying about their friends and neighbors. They are trying to sell products on the basis of untruths. Unfriendly governments, including Russia, are circulating lies in order to destabilize other nations, including the United Kingdom and the United States. In the face of those problems, the renowned legal scholar Cass Sunstein probes the fundamental question of how we can deter lies while also protecting freedom of speech. To be sure, we cannot eliminate lying, nor should we try to do so. Sunstein shows why free societies must generally allow falsehoods and lies, which cannot and should not be excised from democratic debate. A main reason is that we cannot trust governments to make unbiased judgments about what counts as "fake news." However, governments should have the power to regulate specific kinds of falsehoods: those that genuinely endanger health, safety, and the capacity of the public to govern itself. Sunstein also suggests that private institutions, such as Facebook and Twitter, have a great deal of room to stop the spread of falsehoods, and they should be exercising their authority far more than they are now doing. As Sunstein contends, we are allowing far too many lies, including those that both threaten public health and undermine the foundations of democracy itself.

Fake News

Author : Melissa Zimdars
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262357399
Total Pages : 413 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Fake News by : Melissa Zimdars

Download or read book Fake News written by Melissa Zimdars and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2020-02-18 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New perspectives on the misinformation ecosystem that is the production and circulation of fake news. What is fake news? Is it an item on Breitbart, an article in The Onion, an outright falsehood disseminated via Russian bot, or a catchphrase used by a politician to discredit a story he doesn't like? This book examines the real fake news: the constant flow of purposefully crafted, sensational, emotionally charged, misleading or totally fabricated information that mimics the form of mainstream news. Rather than viewing fake news through a single lens, the book maps the various kinds of misinformation through several different disciplinary perspectives, taking into account the overlapping contexts of politics, technology, and journalism. The contributors consider topics including fake news as “disorganized” propaganda; folkloric falsehood in the “Pizzagate” conspiracy; native advertising as counterfeit news; the limitations of regulatory reform and technological solutionism; Reddit's enabling of fake news; the psychological mechanisms by which people make sense of information; and the evolution of fake news in America. A section on media hoaxes and satire features an oral history of and an interview with prankster-activists the Yes Men, famous for parodies that reveal hidden truths. Finally, contributors consider possible solutions to the complex problem of fake news—ways to mitigate its spread, to teach students to find factually accurate information, and to go beyond fact-checking. Contributors Mark Andrejevic, Benjamin Burroughs, Nicholas Bowman, Mark Brewin, Elizabeth Cohen, Colin Doty, Dan Faltesek, Johan Farkas, Cherian George, Tarleton Gillespie, Dawn R. Gilpin, Gina Giotta, Theodore Glasser, Amanda Ann Klein, Paul Levinson, Adrienne Massanari, Sophia A. McClennen, Kembrew McLeod, Panagiotis Takis Metaxas, Paul Mihailidis, Benjamin Peters, Whitney Phillips, Victor Pickard, Danielle Polage, Stephanie Ricker Schulte, Leslie-Jean Thornton, Anita Varma, Claire Wardle, Melissa Zimdars, Sheng Zou

The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era

Author : Alison MacKenzie
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303072154X
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (37 download)

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Book Synopsis The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era by : Alison MacKenzie

Download or read book The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era written by Alison MacKenzie and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-03 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book collection offers strong theoretical and philosophical insight into how digital platforms and their constituent algorithms interact with belief systems to achieve deception, and how related vices such as lies, bullshit, misinformation, disinformation, and ignorance contribute to deception. This inter-disciplinary collection explores how we can better understand and respond to these problematic practices. The Epistemology of Deceit in a Postdigital Era: Dupery by Design will be of interest to anyone concerned with deception in a ‘postdigital’ era including fake news, and propaganda online. The election of populist governments across the world has raised concerns that fake news in online platforms is undermining the legitimacy of the press, the democratic process, and the authority of sources such as science, the social sciences and qualified experts. The global reach of Google, YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, and other platforms has shown that they can be used to create and spread fake and misleading news quickly and without control. These platforms operate and thrive in an increasingly balkanised media eco-system where networks of users will predominantly access and consume information that conforms to their existing worldviews. Conflicting positions, even if relevant and authoritative, are suppressed, or overlooked in everyday digital information consumption. Digital platforms have contributed to the prolific spread of false information, enabled ignorance in online news consumers, and fostered confusion over determining fact from fiction. The collection explores: Deception, what it is, and how its proliferation is achieved in online platforms. Truth and the appearance of truth, and the role digital technologies play in pretending to represent truth. How we can counter these vices to protect ourselves and our institutions from their potentially baneful effects. Chapter 15 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Bunk

Author : Kevin Young
Publisher : Graywolf Press
ISBN 13 : 1555979823
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (559 download)

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Book Synopsis Bunk by : Kevin Young

Download or read book Bunk written by Kevin Young and published by Graywolf Press. This book was released on 2017-11-14 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Longlisted for the National Book Award for Nonfiction “There Kevin Young goes again, giving us books we greatly need, cleverly disguised as books we merely want. Unexpectedly essential.”—Marlon James Award-winning poet and critic Kevin Young tours us through a rogue’s gallery of hoaxers, plagiarists, forgers, and fakers—from the humbug of P. T. Barnum and Edgar Allan Poe to the unrepentant bunk of JT LeRoy and Donald J. Trump. Bunk traces the history of the hoax as a peculiarly American phenomenon, examining what motivates hucksters and makes the rest of us so gullible. Disturbingly, Young finds that fakery is woven from stereotype and suspicion, race being the most insidious American hoax of all. He chronicles how Barnum came to fame by displaying figures like Joice Heth, a black woman whom he pretended was the 161-year-old nursemaid to George Washington, and What Is It?, an African American man Barnum professed was a newly discovered missing link in evolution. Bunk then turns to the hoaxing of history and the ways that forgers, plagiarists, and journalistic fakers invent backstories and falsehoods to sell us lies about themselves and about the world in our own time, from pretend Native Americans Grey Owl and Nasdijj to the deadly imposture of Clark Rockefeller, from the made-up memoirs of James Frey to the identity theft of Rachel Dolezal. In this brilliant and timely work, Young asks what it means to live in a post-factual world of “truthiness” where everything is up for interpretation and everyone is subject to a pervasive cynicism that damages our ideas of reality, fact, and art.

Liars

Author : Cass R. Sunstein
Publisher : Inalienable Rights
ISBN 13 : 0197545114
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

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Book Synopsis Liars by : Cass R. Sunstein

Download or read book Liars written by Cass R. Sunstein and published by Inalienable Rights. This book was released on 2021 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Liars are causing devastating problems. They are endangering public health. They are threatening self-government. They are destroying the reputation of good people - and inflating the reputation of people who are not so good. Nonetheless, falsehoods ought not to be censored or regulated, even if they are lies. Free societies allow them. Public officials should not be allowed to act as the truth police. A key reason is that we cannot trust officials to separate truth from falsehood; their own judgments are unreliable, and their own biases get in the way. If officials are licensed to punish falsehoods, they will end up punishing dissent. The best response to falsehoods is usually to correct them, rather than to punish or censor them. At the same time, governments should have the power to regulate the most harmful lies and falsehoods. In brief: False statements are not constitutionally protected if the government can show that they threaten to cause serious harm. Public officials should be able to restrict and punish lies and falsehoods that pose serious threats to public health and safety. To protect the democratic process, public officials should be able to restrict certain lies and falsehoods. They should be able to safeguard people's reputations. Private institutions, including television networks, magazines, and newspapers, and social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter, should be doing much more to slow or stop the spread of lies and falsehoods"--