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Decentralized Structures For Providing Roads A Cross Country Comparison
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Book Synopsis Decentralized Structures for Providing Roads by : Frannie Humplick
Download or read book Decentralized Structures for Providing Roads written by Frannie Humplick and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Decentralized Structures for Providing Roads: A Cross-Country Comparison by : Frannie Humplick
Download or read book Decentralized Structures for Providing Roads: A Cross-Country Comparison written by Frannie Humplick and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: September 1996 Decentralizing the responsibility for roads costs more at first, mostly through losses in economies of scale. But those losses may be outweighed by increases in efficiency when the locus of roadwork is closer to the people. Minimizing costs is often cited as essential for optimizing service delivery. Roads are the oldest, most important infrastructure services provided by governments. They require construction, rehabilitation, maintenance, and administration (planning, selection, and management). Various institutional arrangements - including the structure of decentralization - affect the degree to which costs can be minimized. Drawing on analyses of experiences with decentralized road provision in eight countries, a longitudinal analysis (over 25 years) of change in the Republic of Korea, and vertical and horizontal analysis across states and local governments in Germany, Humplick and Moini-Araghi found that the impact of decentralization varies depending on which aspect one is considering: the efficiency of producing road services or the impact on road users. Resource costs - the cost of providing roads ($/km) - are concave, increasing first and decreasing at later stages of decentralization. Preference costs - the costs to road users as a result of bad roads - are downward sloping, suggesting that road conditions improve as decentralization advances. In short, decentralization entails initial costs, mostly as losses in economies of scale. But those losses can be outweighed by increases in efficiency when the locus of roadwork is closer to the people. The advantages or limitations of decentralization are function-specific: * Maintenance functions are best provided locally. If both resource and preference costs are considered, local government should have more than 40 but less than 70 percent of fiscal responsibility. If only resource cost efficiencies are considered, there should be complete decentralization. * To minimize resource costs, construction should be either completely centralized or completely decentralized. The efficiency of construction is more sensitive to the degree of competition in award contracts than to the degree of decentralization. * Administrative activities are more efficiently provided by local units similar to local maintenance units. At early stages of decentralization, it is more costly to administer a growing number of road agents, making the optimal level more than 50 percent but less than 80 percent local fiscal responsibility. Exceptions to these results include the United States, where nearly all road functions are decentralized and operate efficiently. This paper - a product of the Environment, Infrastructure, and Agriculture Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger study in the Agriculture and Natural Resources Department to develop a strategy for rural development. The study is funded jointly by the Norwegian and Swiss Special Studies Trust Funds and by the Bank's Research Support Budget, under research project Decentralization, Fiscal Systems, and Rural Development (RPO 679-68).
Book Synopsis Is There an Optimal Structure for Decentralized Provision of Roads? by : Frannie Humplick
Download or read book Is There an Optimal Structure for Decentralized Provision of Roads? written by Frannie Humplick and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9789251042243 Total Pages :148 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (422 download)
Book Synopsis Technical Consultation on Decentralization for Rural Development by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Technical Consultation on Decentralization for Rural Development written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1999 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Financial Constraints, Uses of Funds and Firm Growth: and International Comparison by : Vojislav Maksimovi?, Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt
Download or read book Financial Constraints, Uses of Funds and Firm Growth: and International Comparison written by Vojislav Maksimovi?, Asl? Demirgüç-Kunt and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: October 1996 The findings suggest that across very different financial systems, financial markets and intermediaries have a comparative advantage in funding short-term investment. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and high scores on an index of respect for legal norms are associated with faster than predicted rates of firm growth. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms growing faster than predicted. Demirgüç-Kunt and Maksimovic focus on two issues. First, they examine whether firms in different countries finance long-term and short-term investment similarly. Second, they investigate whether differences in financial systems and legal institutions across countries are reflected in the ability of firms to grow faster than they might have by relying on their internal resources or short-term borrowing. Across their sample, they find: * Positive correlations between investment in plant and equipment and retained earnings. * Negative correlations between investment in plant and equipment and external financing. * Negative correlations between investment in short-term assets and retained earnings. * Positive correlations between investment in short-term assets and external financing. These findings suggest that across very different financial systems, financial markets and intermediaries have a comparative advantage in funding short-term investment. For each firm in their sample, they estimate a predicted rate at which it can grow if it does not rely on long-term external financing. They show that the proportion of firms that grow faster than the predicted rate in each country is associated with specific features of the legal system, financial markets, and institutions. An active, though not necessarily large, stock market and high scores on an index of respect for legal norms are associated with faster than predicted rates of firm growth. They present evidence that the law-and-order index measures the ability of creditors and debtors to enter into long-term contracts. Government subsidies to industry do not increase the proportion of firms growing faster than predicted. This paper - a product of the Finance and Private Sector Development Division, Policy Research Department - is part of a larger effort in the department to understand the impact of financial constraints on firm growth.
Book Synopsis Beyond the Center by : Shahid Javed Burki
Download or read book Beyond the Center written by Shahid Javed Burki and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This report examines the impact of decentralization and its effect on the efficiency of public services, on equity, and on macroeconomic stability.
Book Synopsis International Development Governance by : Ahmed Shafiqul Huque
Download or read book International Development Governance written by Ahmed Shafiqul Huque and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 904 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The establishment of good governance is a major challenge for the developing world, along with the need to sustain the progress resulting from developmental efforts. Although there are numerous studies on the development and governance of emerging nations, few volumes make a serious effort to bring together these two critical concepts. International Development Governance combines the two concepts - development and governance - by examining the issues and problems faced by nations in their attempts to establish sustainable governance. This textbook also initiates discussions on the concept of development governance in an international context. The book fills the gap in existing literature by drawing upon the experience and expertise of scholars from a broad spectrum of knowledge. Their views explain the issues and problems with reference to a number of tools that could establish "development governance" and sustain it. The text offers in-depth examinations of developmental sectors, resulting in a textbook that will inspire future public officials, policy makers, and consultants to contribute to the betterment of life for citizens of developing countries.
Book Synopsis Indonesian Labor Legislation in a Comparative Perspective by : Reema Nayar
Download or read book Indonesian Labor Legislation in a Comparative Perspective written by Reema Nayar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1956 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :European Conference of Ministers of Transport Publisher :OECD Publishing ISBN 13 :9282113434 Total Pages :136 pages Book Rating :4.2/5 (821 download)
Book Synopsis ECMT Round Tables Transport and Decentralisation by : European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Download or read book ECMT Round Tables Transport and Decentralisation written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the circumstances under which decentralisation has brought economic and other benefits in the transport sector.
Book Synopsis How Can China Provide Income Security for Its Rapidly Aging Population? by :
Download or read book How Can China Provide Income Security for Its Rapidly Aging Population? written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Transportation Policy and Administration by : Jeremy Plant
Download or read book Handbook of Transportation Policy and Administration written by Jeremy Plant and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-02-22 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past few decades, the field of transportation has changed dramatically. Deregulation and greater reliance on markets and the private sector has helped to reconfigure the transport industries, while the rise of intermodal goods and global commerce has produced efficiencies of operation and a greater interdependence among transport modes. In a
Book Synopsis Financing Cities by : George E Peterson
Download or read book Financing Cities written by George E Peterson and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2007-04-04 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the need to boost infrastructure investment in cities as also the necessity for fiscal management across all levels of government-within the context of decentralizing service delivery responsibilities. The volume provides case studies reflecting various viewpoints and a range of success and failure stories from five countries. The topics covered include: - Impact of political and fiscal decentralization - Limitations on borrowing - Managing moral hazard - The role of the financial sector in striking a balance between controls and encouraging the local government to maintain fiscal discipline
Book Synopsis From Learning to Partnership by : Giorgio Barba Navaretti
Download or read book From Learning to Partnership written by Giorgio Barba Navaretti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evolving Transportation Networks by : Feng Xie
Download or read book Evolving Transportation Networks written by Feng Xie and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-15 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last two centuries, the development of modern transportation has significantly transformed human life. The main theme of this book is to understand the complexity of transportation development and model the process of network growth including its determining factors, which may be topological, morphological, temporal, technological, economic, managerial, social or political. Using multidimensional concepts and methods, the authors develop a holistic framework to represent network growth as an open and complex process with models that demonstrate in a scientific way how numerous independent decisions made by entities such as travelers, property owners, developers, and public jurisdictions could result in a coherent network of facilities on the ground. Models are proposed from innovative perspectives including self-organization, degeneration, and sequential connection to interpret the evolutionary growth of transportation networks in explicit consideration of independent economic and regulatory initiatives. Employing these models, the authors survey a series of topics ranging from network hierarchy and topology to first mover advantage. The authors demonstrate, with a wide spectrum of empirical and theoretical evidence, that network growth follows a path that is not only logical in retrospect, but also predictable and manageable from a planning perspective. In the larger scheme of innovative transportation planning, this book provides a re-consideration of conventional planning practice and sets the stage for further development on the theory and practice of the next-generation, evolutionary planning approach in transportation, making it of interest to scholars and practitioners alike in the field of transportation .
Book Synopsis Nations, Conglomerates, and Empires by : Branko Milanovic
Download or read book Nations, Conglomerates, and Empires written by Branko Milanovic and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grants and Debt Forgiveness in Africa by : Leonardo Hernández
Download or read book Grants and Debt Forgiveness in Africa written by Leonardo Hernández and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Capital Flows by : Punam Chuhan
Download or read book International Capital Flows written by Punam Chuhan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1996 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: