Debating Englands Aristocracy In The 1790s

Download Debating Englands Aristocracy In The 1790s full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Debating Englands Aristocracy In The 1790s ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

Debating England's Aristocracy in the 1790s

Author : Amanda Goodrich
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer Ltd
ISBN 13 : 9780861932757
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (327 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Debating England's Aristocracy in the 1790s by : Amanda Goodrich

Download or read book Debating England's Aristocracy in the 1790s written by Amanda Goodrich and published by Boydell & Brewer Ltd. This book was released on 2005 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1790s saw a lively `French Revolution Debate' in England, with much space and intellectual energy, in classic texts by men such as Burke and Paine, and ensuing pamphlet literature, devoted characterisations and representations of the aristocracy; yet this is the first full-scale survey of the subject. Dr Goodrich takes a fresh approach to the topic, illustrating the complexities of the bitter battle fought out in such texts between radicals and loyalists, and highlighting the persistent viciousness and vitriol of a radical anti-aristocratic rhetoric. However, she demonstrates that the loyalist response contained the more innovative campaign, bringing out in particular the development of a commercial loyalism which promoted a new model of society with a modern aristocracy and an open elite; what emerges are English defences of aristocracy which are not simply reducible to ideas of an ancien régime or a Gothic institution.

Aristocrats

Author : Lawrence James
Publisher : St. Martin's Press
ISBN 13 : 9781429982788
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (827 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Aristocrats by : Lawrence James

Download or read book Aristocrats written by Lawrence James and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2010-07-06 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aristocracy means "rule by the best." For nine hundred years, the British aristocracy considered itself ideally qualified to rule others, make laws, and guide the nation. Its virtues lay in its collective wisdom, its attachment to chivalric codes, and its sense of public duty. It evolved from a medieval warrior caste into a self-assured and sophisticated elite, which made itself the champion of popular liberty: It forced King John to sign the Magna Carta and later used its power and wealth to depose a succession of tyrannical kings from Richard II to James II. Britain's liberties and constitution were the result of aristocratic bloody-mindedness and courage. Aristocrats traces the history of this remarkable supremacy. It is a story of civil wars, conquests, intrigue, chicanery, and extremes of selflessness and greed. The aristocracy survived and, in the age of the great house and the Grand Tour, governed the first industrial nation while a knot of noblemen ruled its growing empire. Under pressure from below, this political power was slowly relinquished and then shared. Yet democratic Britain retained its aristocracy: Churchill, himself the grandson of a duke, presided over a wartime cabinet that contained six hereditary peers. Lawrence James illuminates the culture of this singular caste, shows how its infatuation with classical art has forged England's heritage, how its love of sport has shaped the nation's pastimes and values, and how its scandals have entertained its public. Impeccably researched, balanced, and brilliantly told, Aristocrats is an enthralling story of survival, a stunning history of wealth, power, and influence.

Aristocracy and its Enemies in the Age of Revolution

Author : William Doyle
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191609714
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (916 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Aristocracy and its Enemies in the Age of Revolution by : William Doyle

Download or read book Aristocracy and its Enemies in the Age of Revolution written by William Doyle and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2009-04-09 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since time immemorial Europe had been dominated by nobles and nobilities. In the eighteenth century their power seemed better entrenched than ever. But in 1790 the French revolutionaries made a determined attempt to abolish nobility entirely. 'Aristocracy' became the term for everything they were against, and the nobility of France, so recently the most dazzling and sophisticated elite in the European world, found itself persecuted in ways that horrified counterparts in other countries. Aristocracy and its Enemies traces the roots of the attack on nobility at this time, looking at intellectual developments over the preceding centuries, in particular the impact of the American Revolution. It traces the steps by which French nobles were disempowered and persecuted, a period during which large numbers fled the country and many perished or were imprisoned. In the end abolition of the aristocracy proved impossible, and nobles recovered much of their property. Napoleon set out to reconcile the remnants of the old nobility to the consequences of revolution, and created a titled elite of his own. After his fall the restored Bourbons offered renewed recognition to all forms of nobility. But nineteenth century French nobles were a group transformed and traumatized by the revolutionary experience, and they never recovered their old hegemony and privileges. As William Doyle shows, if the revolutionaries failed in their attempt to abolish nobility, they nevertheless began the longer term process of aristocratic decline that has marked the last two centuries.

Aristocracy and the Modern World

Author : Ellis Wasson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1137040297
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (37 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Aristocracy and the Modern World by : Ellis Wasson

Download or read book Aristocracy and the Modern World written by Ellis Wasson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ellis Wasson offers one of the first comprehensive studies of the European ruling class during the 19th and 20th centuries. Distilling a wealth of recent research, Wasson analyses the role of aristocracy in modern times, focusing on the tensions that exist between egalitarian values and the way elites shape society. Wasson explodes myths and jettisons stereotypes in sweeping coverage that takes the story from the Congress of Vienna to Stalingrad. The study recounts the change from the genteel world of court balls to Café Society and finally on to Eurotrash. It also contrasts the paradox of continued aristocratic social power and cultural leadership with the gradual decline in their political authority. Aristocracy and the Modern World covers key topics, such as: - The fabulous wealth of the great magnates - The relationship between servants and masters - Interaction with the middle classes - Concepts of honour - Culture, recreation and gender - Local authority and national power. Lively and authoritative, the book reviews developments in Scandinavia, the Austro-Hungarian Empire, France, Italy and Spain as well as in Britain, Germany and Russia. It is essential reading for all those with an interest in modern European history.

Fonthill Recovered

Author : Caroline Dakers
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 1787350460
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Fonthill Recovered by : Caroline Dakers

Download or read book Fonthill Recovered written by Caroline Dakers and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2018-05-16 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fonthill, in Wiltshire, is traditionally associated with the writer and collector William Beckford who built his Gothic fantasy house called Fonthill Abbey at the end of the eighteenth century. The collapse of the Abbey’s tower in 1825 transformed the name Fonthill into a symbol for overarching ambition and folly, a sublime ruin. Fonthill is, however, much more than the story of one man’s excesses. Beckford’s Abbey is only one of several important houses to be built on the estate since the early sixteenth century, all of them eventually consumed by fire or deliberately demolished, and all of them oddly forgotten by historians. Little now remains: a tower, a stable block, a kitchen range, some dressed stone, an indentation in a field. Fonthill Recovered draws on histories of art and architecture, politics and economics to explore the rich cultural history of this famous Wiltshire estate. The first half of the book traces the occupation of Fonthill from the Bronze Age to the twenty-first century. Some of the owners surpassed Beckford in terms of their wealth, their collections, their political power and even, in one case, their sexual misdemeanours. They include Charles I’s Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the richest commoner in the nineteenth century. The second half of the book consists of essays on specific topics, filling out such crucial areas as the complex history of the designed landscape, the sources of the Beckfords’ wealth and their collections, and one essay that features the most recent appearance of the Abbey in a video game.

The Hanoverian Succession

Author : Andreas Gestrich
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317029321
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Hanoverian Succession by : Andreas Gestrich

Download or read book The Hanoverian Succession written by Andreas Gestrich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hanoverian succession of 1714 brought about a 123-year union between Britain and the German electorate of Hanover, ushering in a distinct new period in British history. Under the four Georges and William IV Britain became arguably the most powerful nation in the world with a growing colonial Empire, a muscular economy and an effervescent artistic, social and scientific culture. And yet history has not tended to be kind to the Hanoverians, frequently portraying them as petty-minded and boring monarchs presiding over a dull and inconsequential court, merely the puppets of parliament and powerful ministers. In order both to explain and to challenge such a paradox, this collection looks afresh at the Georgian monarchs and their role, influence and legacy within Britain, Hanover and beyond. Concentrating on the self-representation and the perception of the Hanoverians in their various dominions, each chapter shines new light on important topics: from rivalling concepts of monarchical legitimacy and court culture during the eighteenth century to the multi-confessional set-up of the British composite monarchy and the role of social groups such as the military, the Anglican Church and the aristocracy in defining and challenging the political order. As a result, the volume uncovers a clearly defined new style of Hanoverian kingship, one that emphasized the Protestantism of the dynasty, laid great store by rational government in close collaboration with traditional political powers, embraced army and navy to an unheard of extent and projected this image to audiences on the British Isles, in the German territories and in the colonies alike. Three hundred years after the succession of the first Hanoverian king, an intriguing new perspective of a dynasty emerges, challenging long held assumptions and prejudices.

Reforming Ideas in Britain

Author : Mark Philp
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107512263
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (75 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Reforming Ideas in Britain by : Mark Philp

Download or read book Reforming Ideas in Britain written by Mark Philp and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-11-28 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1789 and 1815, Britain faced a surge of challenges brought about by the French Revolution. Growing tensions with France, then the outbreak of war, exacerbated domestic political controversy, giving rise to new forms of political protest, to which the government responded with ever-increasing severity. Reforming Ideas in Britain brings together a series of essays to provide a vibrant historiography of Britain's political thought and movements during the 1790s and beyond. Challenging traditional perceptions of the period, Philp prompts us to reconsider the weight of various ideas, interpretations and explanations of British politics and language; showing us instead that this dynamic world of popular politics was at once more chaotic, innovative and open-minded than historians have typically perceived it to be. This is an essential interdisciplinary text for scholars of history, political theory and romanticism that offers a fresh perspective on radicalism, loyalism and republicanism in Britain during the French Revolution.

Nobility and the Making of Race in Eighteenth-Century Britain

Author : Tim Mc Inerney
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350346373
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (53 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Nobility and the Making of Race in Eighteenth-Century Britain by : Tim Mc Inerney

Download or read book Nobility and the Making of Race in Eighteenth-Century Britain written by Tim Mc Inerney and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-09-07 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nobility and the Making of Race in Eighteenth-Century Britain focuses on 18th-century Britain and Ireland at a time when race theory as we know it today was steadily emerging in the realm of natural philosophy to examine the structural relationship between nobility and race. This ground-breaking book examines texts from the fields of naturalism, political philosophy, medicine, and colonial venture, as well as interrogating works of drama and literature, in order to track how climate-based understandings of human variety at this time became increasingly imbued with noble traditions of genealogical purity and hierarchies of descent. This process, the book argues, allowed British naturalists and wider society to understand global populations according to an already familiar pattern of genealogical inequality, and offered the proponents of race theory a ready made model of natural supremacy. In this highly original and meticulously researched book, Tim McInerney explains why nobility and race developed in the way they did and how the premise of each promoted a certain idea of superiority. The result is a necessary in-depth understanding of how genealogical exclusivity works as a power strategy, vital to students and scholars alike.

Pen, print and communication in the eighteenth century

Author : Caroline Archer-Parré
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 178962827X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Pen, print and communication in the eighteenth century by : Caroline Archer-Parré

Download or read book Pen, print and communication in the eighteenth century written by Caroline Archer-Parré and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the eighteenth century there was a growing interest in recording, listing and documenting the world, whether for personal interest and private consumption, or general record and the greater good. Such documentation was done through both the written and printed word. Each genre had its own material conventions and spawned industries which supported these practices. This volume considers writing and printing in parallel: it highlights the intersections between the two methods of communication; discusses the medium and materiality of the message; considers how writing and printing were deployed in the construction of personal and cultural identities; and explores the different dimensions surrounding the production, distribution and consumption of private and public letters, words and texts during the eighteenth-century. In combination the chapters in this volume consider how the processes of both writing and printing contributed to the creation of cultural identity and taste, assisted in the spread of knowledge and furthered personal, political, economic, social and cultural change in Britain and the wider-world. This volume provides an original narrative on the nature of communication and brings a fresh perspective on printing history, print culture and the literate society of the Enlightenment.

George III

Author : Jeremy Black
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300117329
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis George III by : Jeremy Black

Download or read book George III written by Jeremy Black and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black's biography deals comprehensively with the politics, the wars, and the domestic issues, and harnesses the richest range of unpublished sources in Britain, Germany, and the United States to explore the king's scientific, cultural, and intellectual interests as no other biographer has done.

Entitled

Author : Chris Bryant
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1473525519
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (735 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Entitled by : Chris Bryant

Download or read book Entitled written by Chris Bryant and published by Random House. This book was released on 2017-09-07 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A proudly partisan history of the British aristocracy - which scores some shrewd hits against the upper class themselves, and the nostalgia of the rest of us for their less endearing eccentricities. A great antidote to Downton Abbey." (Mary Beard) Exploring the extraordinary social and political dominance enjoyed by the British aristocracy over the centuries, Entitled seeks to explain how a tiny number of noble families rose to such a position in the first place. It reveals the often nefarious means they have employed to maintain their wealth, power and prestige and examines the greed, ambition, jealousy and rivalry which drove aristocratic families to guard their interests with such determination. In telling their history, Entitled introduces a cast of extraordinary characters: fierce warriors, rakish dandies, political dilettantes, charming eccentrics, arrogant snobs and criminals who quite literally got away with murder.

Scotland and the French Revolutionary War, 1792-1802

Author : Atle Wold
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 1474406688
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Scotland and the French Revolutionary War, 1792-1802 by : Atle Wold

Download or read book Scotland and the French Revolutionary War, 1792-1802 written by Atle Wold and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the British government's supporters in Scotland in the 1790s, one thing was paramount: they were fighting French principles in any shape or form they might take. Whether this meant defeating the influence of French revolutionary ideas in Scotland, or defeating the military menace of the French republic, they were determined to stand firm in their support of the British state.This book charts the Scottish contribution to, both the war effort of the 1790s, and the British governments struggles to defeat political radicalism at home; lasting from the first outbreak of political disturbances in Scotland in 1792, until the French revolutionary war came to an end in 1802. In this, the Scots made their very distinct mark in terms of recruitment for armed service, demonstrations of loyalty, and prosecutions against political radicals in the law courts but, perhaps less so, in terms of their financial contributions . The government of Scotland was further integrated into the British state in a structural sense over the course of the decade, yet retained many distinctly Scottish features none the less and on the whole the 1790s comes across as a time when the Scots found little difficulty in seeing themselves as both British and Scottish.

Terrorists, Anarchists, and Republicans

Author : Richard Whatmore
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691206643
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Terrorists, Anarchists, and Republicans by : Richard Whatmore

Download or read book Terrorists, Anarchists, and Republicans written by Richard Whatmore and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-12-14 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bloody episode that epitomised the political dilemmas of the eighteenth century In 1798, members of the United Irishmen were massacred by the British amid the crumbling walls of a half-built town near Waterford in Ireland. Many of the Irish were republicans inspired by the French Revolution, and the site of their demise was known as Geneva Barracks. The Barracks were the remnants of an experimental community called New Geneva, a settlement of Calvinist republican rebels who fled the continent in 1782. The British believed that the rectitude and industriousness of these imported revolutionaries would have a positive effect on the Irish populace. The experiment was abandoned, however, after the Calvinists demanded greater independence and more state money for their project. Terrorists, Anarchists, and Republicans tells the story of a utopian city inspired by a spirit of liberty and republican values being turned into a place where republicans who had fought for liberty were extinguished by the might of empire. Richard Whatmore brings to life a violent age in which powerful states like Britain and France intervened in the affairs of smaller, weaker countries, justifying their actions on the grounds that they were stopping anarchists and terrorists from destroying society, religion and government. The Genevans and the Irish rebels, in turn, saw themselves as advocates of republican virtue, willing to sacrifice themselves for liberty, rights and the public good. Terrorists, Anarchists, and Republicans shows how the massacre at Geneva Barracks marked an end to the old Europe of diverse political forms, and the ascendancy of powerful states seeking empire and markets—in many respects the end of enlightenment itself.

Paine and Jefferson in the Age of Revolutions

Author : Simon P. Newman
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 081393477X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Paine and Jefferson in the Age of Revolutions by : Simon P. Newman

Download or read book Paine and Jefferson in the Age of Revolutions written by Simon P. Newman and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enormous popularity of his pamphlet Common Sense made Thomas Paine one of the best-known patriots during the early years of American independence. His subsequent service with the Continental Army, his publication of The American Crisis (1776–83), and his work with Pennsylvania’s revolutionary government consolidated his reputation as one of the foremost radicals of the Revolution. Thereafter, Paine spent almost fifteen years in Europe, where he was actively involved in the French Revolution, articulating his radical social, economic, and political vision in major publications such as The Rights of Man (1791), The Age of Reason (1793-1807), and Agrarian Justice (1797). Such radicalism was deemed a danger to the state in his native Britain, where Paine was found guilty of sedition, and even in the United States some of Paine’s later publications lost him a great deal of his early popularity. Yet despite this legacy, historians have paid less attention to Paine than to other leading Patriots such as Thomas Jefferson. In Paine and Jefferson in the Age of Revolutions, editors Simon Newman and Peter Onuf present a collection of essays that examine how the reputations of two figures whose outlooks were so similar have had such different trajectories.

The Georgians

Author : Penelope J. Corfield
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 0300265069
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Georgians by : Penelope J. Corfield

Download or read book The Georgians written by Penelope J. Corfield and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-08 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive history of the Georgians, comparing past views of these exciting, turbulent, and controversial times with our attitudes today The Georgian era is often seen as a time of innovations. It saw the end of monarchical absolutism, global exploration and settlements overseas, the world’s first industrial revolution, deep transformations in religious and cultural life, and Britain’s role in the international trade in enslaved Africans. But how were these changes perceived by people at the time? And how do their viewpoints compare with attitudes today? In this wide-ranging history, Penelope J. Corfield explores every aspect of Georgian life—politics and empire, culture and society, love and violence, religion and science, industry and towns. People’s responses at the time were often divided. Pessimists saw loss and decline, while optimists saw improvements and light. Out of such tensions came the Georgian culture of both experiment and resistance. Corfield emphasizes those elements of deep continuity that persisted even within major changes, and shows how new developments were challenged if their human consequences proved dire.

Five Long Winters

Author : John Bugg
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804787301
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Five Long Winters by : John Bugg

Download or read book Five Long Winters written by John Bugg and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that the British government's repression of the 1790s rivals the French Revolution as the most important historical event for our understanding the development of Romantic literature. Romanticism has long been associated with both rebellion and escapism, and much Romantic historicism traces an arc from the outburst of democratic energy in British culture triggered by the French Revolution to a dwindling of enthusiasm later in the 1790s, when things in France turned violent. Writers such as Wordsworth and Coleridge can then be seen as "apostates" who turned from radical politics to a poetics of transcendence. Bugg argues instead for a poetics of silence, and his book is set against the backdrop of the so-called Gagging Acts and other legislation of William Pitt, which in literature manifests itself stylistically as silence, stuttering, fragmentation, and encoding. Mining archives of unpublished documents, including manuscripts, diaries, and letters, where authors were more candid, as well as rereading the work of both major and minor figures, a number of whom were subject to prison sentences, Five Long Winters offers a new way of approaching the literature of the Romantic era.

The Routledge Guidebook to Paine's Rights of Man

Author : Frances A Chiu
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134486243
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (344 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Routledge Guidebook to Paine's Rights of Man by : Frances A Chiu

Download or read book The Routledge Guidebook to Paine's Rights of Man written by Frances A Chiu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Upon publication in 1791-92, the two parts of Thomas Paine’s Rights of Man proved to be both immensely popular and highly controversial. An immediate bestseller, it not only defended the French revolution but also challenged current laws, customs, and government. The Routledge Guidebook to Paine’s Rights of Man provides the first comprehensive and fully contextualized introduction to this foundational text in the history of modern political thought, addressing its central themes, reception, and influence. The Guidebook examines: the history of rights, populism, representative governments, and challenges to monarchy from the 12th through 18th century; Paine’s arguments against monarchies, mixed governments, war, and state-church establishments; Paine’s views on constitutions; Paine’s proposals regarding suffrage, inequality, poverty, and public welfare; Paine’s revolution in rhetoric and style; the critical reception upon publication and influence through the centuries, as well as Paine’s relevance today. The Routledge Guidebook to Paine’s Rights of Man is essential reading for students of eighteenth-century American and British history, politics and philosophy, and anyone approaching Paine’s work for the first time.