Debating Cosmopolitics

Download Debating Cosmopolitics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Verso Books
ISBN 13 : 1789608716
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (896 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Debating Cosmopolitics by : Daniele Archibugi

Download or read book Debating Cosmopolitics written by Daniele Archibugi and published by Verso Books. This book was released on 2020-05-05 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cosmopolitics, the concept of a world politics based on shared democratic values, is in an increasingly fragile state. While Western democracies insist ever more vehemently upon a maintenance of their privileges-freedom of speech, security, wealth-an increasing number of the world's inhabitants are under threat of poverty, famine and war. What is needed, the writers suggest, is a deliberate decision to extend the principles and values of democracy to the sphere of international relations. Recent experience does not bode well, but their arguments, which range from reform of the United Nations, reduction of military weapons, additional power for international judiciary institutions and an increase in aid to developing countries, urge new and inspired action.

Current Debates in Global Justice

Download Current Debates in Global Justice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402033476
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (334 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Current Debates in Global Justice by : Gillian Brock

Download or read book Current Debates in Global Justice written by Gillian Brock and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-22 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers collected in this volume represent some of the finest recent work by political philosophers and political theorists in the area of global justice. Covering both theoretical and applied issues, these papers are distinguished by their exceptional quality. Moreover, they give the reader a sense both of the scope of the field as it is currently emerging and the direction that the debates seem to be taking. This anthology is essential reading for anyone serious about understanding the current pressing issues in Global Justice Studies. With contributions from: Richard Arneson, Charles Beitz, Luis Cabrera, Omar Dahbour, Robert Goodin, Dale Jamieson, John Lango, David Miller, Thomas Pogge, Sanjay Reddy, Mathias Risse, Gopal Sreenivasan, and James Sterba.

Kant's Cosmopolitics

Download Kant's Cosmopolitics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edinburgh University Press
ISBN 13 : 0748695508
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (486 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Kant's Cosmopolitics by : Garrett Wallace Brown

Download or read book Kant's Cosmopolitics written by Garrett Wallace Brown and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores Kant's cosmopolitanism and its implications for a Kantian-inspired cosmopolitics. The contributors provide a definitive source and specification of key new areas in the field of Kantian cosmopolitanism and how it is integral to current debates in political theory, political philosophy and international relations.

Radical Cosmopolitics

Download Radical Cosmopolitics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231161107
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Radical Cosmopolitics by : James D. Ingram

Download or read book Radical Cosmopolitics written by James D. Ingram and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-24 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While supporting the cosmopolitan pursuit of a world that respects all rights and interests, James D. Ingram believes political theorists have, in their approach to this project, compromised its egalitarian and emancipatory principles. Focusing on recent debates without losing sight of cosmopolitanism’s ancient and Enlightenment roots, Ingram confronts the philosophical difficulties of defending universal ideals and the implications for ethics and political theory. In morality as in politics, theorists have generally focused first on discovering universal values and second on their implementation. Ingram argues that only by prioritizing the development and articulation of universal values through political action in the fight for freedom and equality can theorists do justice to these efforts and cosmopolitanism’s universal vocation. Only by proceeding from the local to the global, from the bottom up rather than from the top down, on the basis of political practice rather than moral ideals, can we salvage moral and political universalism. Ingram provides the clearest, most systematic account yet of this schematic reversal and its radical possibilities.

What Is Cosmopolitical Design? Design, Nature and the Built Environment

Download What Is Cosmopolitical Design? Design, Nature and the Built Environment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1134808941
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (348 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis What Is Cosmopolitical Design? Design, Nature and the Built Environment by : Albena Yaneva

Download or read book What Is Cosmopolitical Design? Design, Nature and the Built Environment written by Albena Yaneva and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2017-05-15 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scale of ecological crises made us realize that every kind of politics has always been cosmopolitics, politics of a cosmos. Cosmos embraces everything, including the multifarious natural and material entities that make humans act. The book examines cosmopolitics in its relation to design practice. Abandoning the modernist idea of nature as being external to the human experience - a nature that can be mastered by engineers and scientists from outside, the cosmpolitical thinking offers designers to embark in an active process of manipulating and reworking nature ’from within.’ To engage in cosmopolitics, this book argues, means to redesign, create, instigate, and compose every single feature of our common experience. In the light of this new understanding of nature, we set the questions: What is the role of design if nature is no longer salient enough to provide a background for human activities? How can we foster designers’ own force and make present what causes designers to think, feel, and act? How do designers make explicit the connection of humans to a variety of entities with different ontology: rivers, species, particles, materials and forces? How do they redefine political order by bringing together stars, prions and people? In effect, how should we understand design practice in its relation to the material and the living world? In this volume, anthropologists, science studies scholars, political scientists and sociologists rethink together the meaning of cosmopolitics for design. At the same time designers, architects and artists engage with the cosmopolitical question in trying to imagine the future of architectural and urban design. The book contains original empirical chapters and a number of revealing interviews with artists and designers whose practices set examples of ’cosmopolitically correct design’.

US Foreign Policy and the Gulf Wars

Download US Foreign Policy and the Gulf Wars PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0857738909
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (577 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis US Foreign Policy and the Gulf Wars by : Ahmed Ijaz Malik

Download or read book US Foreign Policy and the Gulf Wars written by Ahmed Ijaz Malik and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-09 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The US-led coalition which launched an invasion of Iraq on 20 March 2003 led to a decade-long military presence in the country. In the run-up to that invasion, many comparisons were made with the 1991 Gulf War. Ahmed Ijaz Malik takes these two instances of military intervention by Republican US governments to highlight how the official discourse of leaders and decision-makers has an impact on foreign policy and its results. By taking these two examples, he examines how discourse affects real events, and the extent to which the legacy of the Cold War has influenced the decisions which are made at the upper echelons of the US government. US Foreign Policy and the Gulf Wars critically analyses the post-Cold War liberal cosmopolitan and realist discourses related to these two instances of US military intervention. Using an approach which Malik labels 'critical realism', this book examines the ways in which discourses often act as ideological covers for material interests, whilst still not holding a deterministic view whereby these interests alone shape policies. From this perspective, this book assesses the themes of 'Just War', humanitarianism and cosmopolitanism. It furthermore uses the approach of 'critical realism' to engage with a variety of arguments on the emerging role of the US - as they were displayed in academic discourses and other intellectual contributions around each of the 1991 and 2003 wars. Malik relates these discussions to an analysis of the official discourses, documents and policies displayed prior to the 1991 and 2003 wars, as well as to an examination of the resulting actual conduct. Since the implications of the US military presence in the Middle East are so central to the study of International Relations and Security Studies, this book will be invaluable for specialists in these disciplines, as well as for those interested in policy formation and the wider Middle East.

Politics and Aesthetics in Contemporary Native American Literature

Download Politics and Aesthetics in Contemporary Native American Literature PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135163545
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (351 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Politics and Aesthetics in Contemporary Native American Literature by : Matthew Herman

Download or read book Politics and Aesthetics in Contemporary Native American Literature written by Matthew Herman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last twenty years, Native American literary studies has taken a sharp political turn. In this book, Matthew Herman provides the historical framework for this shift and examines the key moments in the movement away from cultural analyses toward more politically inflected and motivated perspectives. He highlights such notable cases as the prevailing readings of the popular within Native American writing; the Silko-Erdrich controversy; the ongoing debate over the comparative value of nationalism versus cosmopolitanism within Native American literature and politics; and the status of native nationalism in relation to recent critiques of the nation coming from postmodernism, postcolonialism, and subaltern studies. Herman concludes that the central problematic defining the last two decades of Native American literary studies has involved the emergence in theory of anti-colonial nationalism, its variants, and its contradictions. This study will be a necessary addition for students and scholars of Native American Studies as well as 20th-century literature.

Cartographies of Transnationalism in Postcolonial Feminisms

Download Cartographies of Transnationalism in Postcolonial Feminisms PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 0739170635
Total Pages : 213 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cartographies of Transnationalism in Postcolonial Feminisms by : Jamil Khader

Download or read book Cartographies of Transnationalism in Postcolonial Feminisms written by Jamil Khader and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2013 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proffers a new theory of the radical possibilities of contemporary postcolonial feminist writings from Africa, the Middle East, the Americas, and the Caribbean, against what can be described as "actually-existing colonialisms." These writers include prominent and other less-known postcolonial women writers such as Tsitsi Dangarembga, Louise Erdrich, Aurora Levins Morales, Rosario Morales, Esmeralda Santiago, Raymonda Tawil, Michelle Cliff, and Rigoberta Mench . Negotiating the contradictions among gender, nation, and globalization, postcolonial women writers construct extimate subjectivities that mark their excessive locations in the social field through the dialectical relation between the intimate and the external, the intimately or internally external, articulating these contradictions within the larger history and narratives of anti-colonial internationalist struggle for liberation and emancipation. Grounded in a commitment to the future of the postcolonial nation and the project of decolonization and liberation within the ever-encroaching, neocolonial global capitalist system, postcolonial women's narratives of displacing offer not only an alternative mode of ideological critique of scripted and commonly-inherited discourses of identity, home, culture that obfuscate the fundamental social antagonism, but also ways of changing them through practices of radical politics. The book thus charts four intersecting, dialogic strategies, by which postcolonial women writers produce extimate subjectivities: travel, unhomeliness, multiple and shifting subject positions, and transnational alliances. First, specific strategies of travel, voluntary and involuntary, within glocal networks of dispossession, displacement, and labor migration that foreground their extimate locations as internally external. Second, tactics of unhomeliness that uncover traces of the foreign, and elsewhere, in the edifice of the familiar that serve as the basis for interrogating dominant discourses of belonging. Third, techniques of multiple and shifting subject positions that recognize the excessive location of the extimate subject, in order to unravel not only the contingency of the subject's ontic properties, but also her locations in the interplay of oppression and privilege. And fourth, strategies for building political solidarity with transnational and transethnic communities of struggle that are grounded in the concrete Universality of the excluded communities. This book bears witness to the radical possibility in contemporary postcolonial feminist writing, and promises a way out of the impasse of the current culturalization of politics in the humanities that has resulted from the uncritical celebration of hybridity and the concomitant emphasis on diaspora, postnationalism, and cosmopolitanism in dominant discourses of postcolonial, ethnic, and transnational studies.

Encyclopedia of Political Theory

Download Encyclopedia of Political Theory PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 1412958652
Total Pages : 1585 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Political Theory by : Mark Bevir

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Political Theory written by Mark Bevir and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2010-03-18 with total page 1585 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Looking at the roots of contemporary political theory, this three-volume set examines the global landscape of all the key theories and the theorists behind them, and provides concise, to-the-point definitions of key concepts, ideas, schools and figures.

For the Love of Humanity

Download For the Love of Humanity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812295374
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (122 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis For the Love of Humanity by : Ayça Çubukçu

Download or read book For the Love of Humanity written by Ayça Çubukçu and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2018-08-14 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 15, 2003, millions of people around the world demonstrated against the war that the United States, the United Kingdom, and their allies were planning to wage in Iraq. Despite this being the largest protest in the history of humankind, the war on Iraq began the next month. That year, the World Tribunal on Iraq (WTI) emerged from the global antiwar movement that had mobilized against the invasion and subsequent occupation. Like the earlier tribunal on Vietnam convened by Bertrand Russell and Jean-Paul Sartre, the WTI sought to document—and provide grounds for adjudicating—war crimes committed by the United States, the United Kingdom, and their allied forces during the Iraq war. For the Love of Humanity builds on two years of transnational fieldwork within the decentralized network of antiwar activists who constituted the WTI in some twenty cities around the world. Ayça Çubukçu illuminates the tribunal up close, both as an ethnographer and a sympathetic participant. In the process, she situates debates among WTI activists—a group encompassing scholars, lawyers, students, translators, writers, teachers, and more—alongside key jurists, theorists, and critics of global democracy. WTI activists confronted many dilemmas as they conducted their political arguments and actions, often facing interpretations of human rights and international law that, unlike their own, were not grounded in anti-imperialism. Çubukçu approaches this conflict by broadening her lens, incorporating insights into how Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the Iraqi High Tribunal grappled with the realities of Iraq's occupation. Through critical analysis of the global debate surrounding one of the early twenty-first century's most significant world events, For the Love of Humanity addresses the challenges of forging global solidarity against imperialism and makes a case for reevaluating the relationships between law and violence, empire and human rights, and cosmopolitan authority and political autonomy.

Redescriptions

Download Redescriptions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LIT Verlag Münster
ISBN 13 : 9783825891220
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Redescriptions by : Kari Palonen

Download or read book Redescriptions written by Kari Palonen and published by LIT Verlag Münster. This book was released on 2005 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With nine articles neatly combining contemporary theorizing and historical approaches to political thought and concepts, this volume of Redescriptions draws attention to two topics several of the contributions share. In these articles rhetoric serves both as a style of political theorizing and as a medium of conceptual change. In addition, the relationship of political thought and practice to religion is discussed as a subject matter as well as in the sense of a cultural heritage that is used by the political agents for contemporary purposes.

Inhuman Conditions

Download Inhuman Conditions PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674029461
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Inhuman Conditions by : Pheng Cheah

Download or read book Inhuman Conditions written by Pheng Cheah and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globalization promises to bring people around the world together, to unite them as members of the human community. To such sanguine expectations, Pheng Cheah responds deftly with a sobering account of how the "inhuman" imperatives of capitalism and technology are transforming our understanding of humanity and its prerogatives. Through an examination of debates about cosmopolitanism and human rights, Inhuman Conditions questions key ideas about what it means to be human that underwrite our understanding of globalization. Cheah asks whether the contemporary international division of labor so irreparably compromises and mars global solidarities and our sense of human belonging that we must radically rethink cherished ideas about humankind as the bearer of dignity and freedom or culture as a power of transcendence. Cheah links influential arguments about the new cosmopolitanism drawn from the humanities, the social sciences, and cultural studies to a perceptive examination of the older cosmopolitanism of Kant and Marx, and juxtaposes them with proliferating formations of collective culture to reveal the flaws in claims about the imminent decline of the nation-state and the obsolescence of popular nationalism. Cheah also proposes a radical rethinking of the normative force of human rights in light of how Asian values challenge human rights universalism.

The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt

Download The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134114494
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt by : Louiza Odysseos

Download or read book The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt written by Louiza Odysseos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the first critical analysis of Carl Schmitt's The Nomos of the Earth and how it relates to the epochal changes in the international system that have risen from the collapse of the ‘Westphalian’ international order. There is an emerging recognition in political theory circles that core issues, such as order, social justice, rights, need to be studied in their global context. Schmitt’s international political thought provides a stepping stone in these related paths, offering an alternative history of international relations, of the genesis, achievements and demise of the ‘Westphalian system.’ Writing at a time when he believed that the spatial, political and legal order—the nomos of the earth—had collapsed, he highlighted the advent of the modern state as the vehicle of secularization, tracing how this interstate order was able to limit and ‘rationalize and humanize’ war. Providing a large number of case studies including: global terrorism, humanitarian intervention and US hegemony, this book will give further impetus to, and expand, the nascent debate on the significance of Schmitt’s legal and political thought for international politics. The International Political Thought of Carl Schmitt will be of interest to students and scholars of international relations, law and history.

Risk, Global Governance and Security

Download Risk, Global Governance and Security PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134028954
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (34 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Risk, Global Governance and Security by : Yee-Kuang Heng

Download or read book Risk, Global Governance and Security written by Yee-Kuang Heng and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-03-26 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book applies risk society theory to the 'War on Terror', steering the discussion away from the militaristic discourse of the Bush era towards an emphasis on global cooperation and a new cosmopolitan agenda. The literature and rhetoric of the 'War on Terror' has been dominated by dramatic high-profile military campaigns and division in the international community. This overlooks the various multilateral practices and cooperative processes that are emerging to combat global terrorism. President Bush himself had initially been at pains to stress that his 'war' on terror would be like no other; it would involve not just military tools but financial, intelligence, police and diplomatic measures too. More than eight years later, the time is right for an in-depth evaluation of this 'other' war on terror. Yet these relatively mundane regulatory dimensions have received much less attention than the 'hot' wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, where ongoing difficulties suggest that military force alone is inadequate in controlling globalised terrorism. This book aims to redress this imbalance, by foregrounding these initiatives, tracing their implementation and reflecting on the implications for International Relations. Adopting an analytical approach that seeks to incorporate theories of risk, global governance and security, this book aims to explore the overlapping multi-level and multi-lateral dynamics of the emerging global security architecture which have remained neglected and unmapped thus far in the war on terror. This book will be of interest to students of risk politics, security studies, global governance and IR in general. Yee-Kuang Heng is Lecturer in International Relations, University of St Andrews, UK. Kenneth McDonagh is Lecturer in International Relations in the School of Law and Government, Dublin City University.

Cosmopolitanism

Download Cosmopolitanism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113416419X
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cosmopolitanism by : Robert Fine

Download or read book Cosmopolitanism written by Robert Fine and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-10-30 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The idea of cosmopolitanism has informed some of the most important developments in current sociology. It has changed the way in which we think about a vast array of issues: the forces of globalization, the resurgence of nationalism, the future of political community in Europe, the role of international law in social life, changing forms of violence and even the life of the mind. This book explains what cosmopolitanism is and why it has grabbed the sociological imagination. Robert Fine explores the concept of cosmopolitanism and its application to a range of contemporary issues, including: the future of Europe the role of human rights, global governance and perpetual peace in the construction of a cosmopolitan order crimes against humanity the justification of humanitarian military interventions the extension of democracy beyond national limits. This book offers an innovative mix of theoretical and socio-political elements that will be of great interest to students and researchers in the fields of international political theory, international relations, social theory and cultural studies.

The Ashgate Research Companion to Cosmopolitanism

Download The Ashgate Research Companion to Cosmopolitanism PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317043774
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Ashgate Research Companion to Cosmopolitanism by : Maria Rovisco

Download or read book The Ashgate Research Companion to Cosmopolitanism written by Maria Rovisco and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of Cosmopolitanism has been transformed in the last 20 years and the subject itself has become highly discussed across the social sciences and the humanities. The Ashgate Research Companion to Cosmopolitanism pursues distinct theoretical orientations and empirical analyses, bringing together mainstream discussions with the newest thinking and developments on the main themes, debates and controversies surrounding the subject. The contributions are grouped into three parts, each reflecting a different analytical focus within a variety of intellectual disciplines and methodological approaches. Part I (Cultural Cosmopolitanism) is primarily concerned with the empirically-grounded aspects of cosmopolitanism which are apparent in mundane practices and lifestyle options on the micro-scale of daily interactions. It focuses on the outlooks and lived experience of ordinary individuals and groups in concrete situational contexts and social structures. Part II (Political Cosmopolitanism) sets out the main topics and issues dealt with by scholars writing within the tradition of political cosmopolitanism. Addressing timely issues such as human rights, global justice, and global democracy, it focuses on Cosmopolitanism as an ethico-political ideal and a political project to devise new forms of supranational and transnational governance. Part III (Debates) reflects the major debates and controversies on the subject and deliberately eschews any bland consensus to instead foreground the key arguments and lively intellectual discussions in play across disciplinary divisions. Featuring contributions from key thinkers in the field, including Ulrich Beck, David Held and Martha Nussbaum, this comprehensive volume will be a valuable resource for all academics and students working within this area of study.

Cosmopolitics II

Download Cosmopolitics II PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Posthumanities
ISBN 13 : 9780816656899
Total Pages : 480 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (568 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cosmopolitics II by : Isabelle Stengers

Download or read book Cosmopolitics II written by Isabelle Stengers and published by Posthumanities. This book was released on 2011 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping inquiry that critiques modern science's claims of objectivity, rationality, and truth