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Data Cartels
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Download or read book Data Cartels written by Sarah Lamdan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our digital world, data is power, and information hoarders reign supreme. The practices of these digital pillagers are analogous to those of cartels--they use intimidation, aggression, and force to maintain control and power. Sarah Lamdan brings us into the unregulated underworld of the "data cartels," demonstrating how the entities mining, hoarding, commodifying, and selling our data and informational resources perpetuate social inequalities and threaten the democratic sharing of knowledge. The companies at the center of this book are not household names like Google. They fly under the radar and self-identify as "data analytics" or "business solutions" operations. These companies supply the digital lifeblood that flow through the circulatory system of the internet. With their control over data, they can prevent the free flow of information to places where it is needed, and simultaneously distribute private information to predatory entities. Just a few companies dominate most of our critical informational resources, from scientific research and financial data to the law. They are also data brokers, selling our personal data to law enforcement and other government agencies that determine whether we should be eligible for social services, and they sell "risk" products that insurance companies, employers, landlords, and healthcare systems use to make decisions. Alarmingly, everything they're doing is perfectly legal. Ranging from small information firms to billion-dollar data giants like Thomson Reuters and RELX Group, these companies masterfully exploit outdated information and privacy laws, curating online information in a way that amplifies digital racism and targets marginalized communities. In this book, Lamdan contends that privatization and tech exceptionalism have prevented us from creating effective legal regulation. Lack of legal intervention has allowed oversized information oligopolies to coalesce. In addition to specific legal and market-based solutions, Lamdan calls for treating information like a public good and creating digital infrastructure that supports our democratic ideals.
Download or read book Data Cartels written by Sarah Lamdan and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-08 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In our digital world, data is power. Information hoarding businesses reign supreme, using intimidation, aggression, and force to maintain influence and control. Sarah Lamdan brings us into the unregulated underworld of these "data cartels", demonstrating how the entities mining, commodifying, and selling our data and informational resources perpetuate social inequalities and threaten the democratic sharing of knowledge. Just a few companies dominate most of our critical informational resources. Often self-identifying as "data analytics" or "business solutions" operations, they supply the digital lifeblood that flows through the circulatory system of the internet. With their control over data, they can prevent the free flow of information, masterfully exploiting outdated information and privacy laws and curating online information in a way that amplifies digital racism and targets marginalized communities. They can also distribute private information to predatory entities. Alarmingly, everything they're doing is perfectly legal. In this book, Lamdan contends that privatization and tech exceptionalism have prevented us from creating effective legal regulation. This in turn has allowed oversized information oligopolies to coalesce. In addition to specific legal and market-based solutions, Lamdan calls for treating information like a public good and creating digital infrastructure that supports our democratic ideals.
Book Synopsis How Do Cartels Operate? by : Joseph Emmett Harrington
Download or read book How Do Cartels Operate? written by Joseph Emmett Harrington and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2006 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper distills and organizes facts about cartels from about 20 European Commission decisions over 2000-2004. It describes the properties of a collusive outcome in terms of the setting of price and a market allocation, monitoring of agreements with respect to price but more importantly sales, punishment methods for enforcing an agreement and also the use of buy-backs to compensate cartel members, methods for responding to external disruptions from non-cartel suppliers and handling over-zealous sales representatives, and operational procedures in terms of the frequency of meetings and the cartel's organizational structure.
Book Synopsis Data Borders by : Melissa Villa-Nicholas
Download or read book Data Borders written by Melissa Villa-Nicholas and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2023 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Borders investigates entrenched and emerging borderland technology that ensnares all people in an intimate web of surveillance where data resides and defines citizenship. Detailing the new trend of biologically mapping undocumented people through biotechnologies, Melissa Villa-Nicholas shows how surreptitious monitoring of Latinx immigrants is the focus of and driving force behind Silicon Valley's growing industry within defense technology manufacturing. Villa-Nicholas reveals a murky network that gathers data on marginalized communities for purposes of exploitation and control that implicates law enforcement, border patrol, and ICE, but that also pulls in public workers and the general public, often without their knowledge or consent. Enriched by interviews of Latinx immigrants living in the borderlands who describe their daily use of technology and their caution around surveillance, this book argues that in order to move beyond a heavily surveilled state that dehumanizes both immigrants and citizens, we must first understand how our data is being collected, aggregated, correlated, and weaponized with artificial intelligence and then push for immigrant and citizen information privacy rights along the border and throughout the United States.
Book Synopsis Macroeconomic Effects of Market Structure Distortions: Evidence from French Cartels by : Flavien Moreau
Download or read book Macroeconomic Effects of Market Structure Distortions: Evidence from French Cartels written by Flavien Moreau and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-05-27 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide systematic evidence on cartels’ characteristics, using novel data on cases investigated by the French Competition Authority. These practices are widely spread across sectors and cartel members are typically among the top firms in their industries. In a model with heterogeneous firms and collusion, cartels amplify misallocation by charging supracompetitive markups. Breaking down French cartels would increase aggregate productivity by 2%, welfare by 3.5%, bringing the economy 37% closer to the efficient frontier. These numbers shed light on the aggregate importance of collusion.
Book Synopsis Regulating Cartels in India by : Sudhanshu Kumar
Download or read book Regulating Cartels in India written by Sudhanshu Kumar and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive assessment of anti-cartel enforcement and investigative procedures in India. It makes a case for enhanced sanctions for cartel conduct in India. Cartels are considered the most pernicious violation of competition law, referred to as "cancer to the free market economy". While competition laws in most jurisdictions prescribe strict sanctions against cartels, Indian Competition Law provides only civil penalties, with an upper ceiling for proven cartel conduct. This volume assesses the effectiveness of anti-cartel enforcement of the Competition Commission of India (CCI). It explores investigative procedures of the CCI through multiple qualitative and quantitative indicators and the extent to which enforcement of anti-cartel laws in India has led to cartel deterrence. Further, it also examines the priorities and processes of the CCI in terms of anti-cartel enforcement, their sanctioning mechanism and their dependency of computation of penalty on varied factors. Featuring detailed case law studies and engaging data, this book will be an essential read for students and researchers of law and legal studies, competition law, corporate law, intellectual property law, and business law.
Book Synopsis Global Cartels Handbook by : Samantha Mobley
Download or read book Global Cartels Handbook written by Samantha Mobley and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-12-08 with total page 963 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years cartel regulation has become a key priority for competition authorities around the globe resulting in a proliferation of immunity and leniency programmes. Competition authorities are constantly developing and revising their approaches to cartel regulation and introducing new mechanisms for businesses to report cartels, seek immunity and gain leniency. The need for businesses and their advisers to be able to identify and manage their global risk exposure is more pressing than ever before. The Global Cartels Handbook addresses this pressing need by providing a comparative analysis of immunity and leniency programmes for legal practitioners and corporate counsel. It consists of a comparative introduction which identifies some of the key features of the main jurisdictions and provides some of the strategic pointers to the most appropriate forums in which to seek leniency. A quick reference guide gives a tabular country-by-country overview of the leniency programmes in place around the world. This is followed by a detailed point-by-point description of each leniency programme, with reference to all key case law throughout, under a set of headings which are templated across each country chapter. This template format allows for ease of reference and consistency of information and provides essential practical information for filing a leniency application.
Book Synopsis The Impact of Cartels on National Economy and Competitiveness by : Jurgita Bruneckienė
Download or read book The Impact of Cartels on National Economy and Competitiveness written by Jurgita Bruneckienė and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-09 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents theoretical and empirical research on the integrated assessment of cartels’ effects on national economies. The empirical analysis is based on three cases in Lithuania, a country chosen because it corresponds to the features of a small economy with a developing culture of competition. An integrated assessment of a cartel’s impact by measuring the net economic effect created by its operations on the market is extremely important at the scale of national economies. If a cartel’s true impact is not identified and evaluated, it is impossible to make important strategic decisions, for the whole economy instead of individual affected parties and to establish an optimum baseline for mitigating the harm done to the economy. Thus, an integrated cartel impact assessment can help to more proactively combat cartel agreements on the market and improve the economic welfare of the respective country.
Book Synopsis Selected Cliometric Studies on German Economic History by : John Komlos
Download or read book Selected Cliometric Studies on German Economic History written by John Komlos and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 1997 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wirtschaftsgeschichtliche Forschung kann nur interdisziplin�r betrieben werden und ihre Aufgabe der Vertiefung unseres Verst�ndnisses von sozio-�konomischen Prozessen und deren Interaktion mit politischen Entwicklungen erfuellen, wenn �konomische Theorie vernuenftig angewendet wird. Zwei amerikanische Wissenschaftler, Douglas North und Robert Fogel, wurden 1993 mit dem Nobelpreis fuer Wirtschaftswissenschaften fuer ihre Pionierarbeit in Kliometrie, der Verbindung von �konomie und Geschichte, ausgezeichnet. In Nordamerika ist der Paradigmenwechsel vollst�ndig vollzogen: Kliometrie ist bereits eine �normale Wissenschaft�. Der vorliegende Band, vornehmlich von amerikanischen Gelehrten mit wirtschaftswissenschaftlichem Sachverstand geschrieben, liefert der deutschen akademischen Gemeinschaft wenig bekannte, jedoch bahnbrechende Artikel. .
Book Synopsis The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement by : Peter Whelan
Download or read book The Criminalization of European Cartel Enforcement written by Peter Whelan and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-08-07 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartel activity is prohibited under EU law by virtue of Article 101(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Firms that violate this provision face severe punishment from those entities responsible for enforcing EU competition law: the European Commission, the national competition authorities, and the national courts. Stiff fines are regularly imposed on firms by these entities; such firm-focused punishment is an established feature of the antitrust enforcement landscape within the EU. In recent years, however, focus has also been placed on the individuals within the firms responsible for the cartel activity. It is increasingly recognized that punishment for cartel activity should be individual-focused as well as firm-focused. Accordingly, a growing tendency to criminalize cartel activity can be observed in the EU Member States. The existence of such criminal sanctions within the EU presents a number of crucial challenges that need to be met if the underlying enforcement objectives are to be achieved in practice without violating prevailing legal norms. For a start, given the severe consequences of a custodial sentence, the employment of criminal antitrust punishment must be justifiable in principle: one must have a robust normative framework rationalizing the existence of criminal cartel sanctions. Second, for it to be legitimate, antitrust criminalization should only occur in a manner that respects the mandatory legalities applicable to the European jurisdiction in question. These include the due process rights of the accused and the principle of legal certainty. Finally, the correct practical measures (such as a criminal leniency policy and a correctly defined criminal cartel offence) need to be in place in order to ensure that the employment of criminal antitrust punishment actually achieves its aims while maintaining its legitimacy. These three particular challenges can be conceptualized respectively as the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization. This book analyses these three crucial challenges so that the complexity of the process of European antitrust criminalization can be understood more accurately. In doing so, this book acknowledges that the three challenges should not be considered in isolation. In fact there is a dynamic relationship between the theoretical, legal, and practical challenges of European antitrust criminalization and an effective antitrust criminalization policy is one which recognizes and respects this complex interaction.
Book Synopsis Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars by : Sylvia Longmire
Download or read book Cartel: The Coming Invasion of Mexico's Drug Wars written by Sylvia Longmire and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2011-10-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having followed Mexico's cartels for years, border security expert Sylvia Longmire takes us deep into the heart of their world to witness a dangerous underground that will do whatever it takes to deliver drugs to a willing audience of American consumers. The cartels have grown increasingly bold in recent years, building submarines to move up the coast of Central America and digging elaborate tunnels that both move drugs north and carry cash and U.S. high-powered assault weapons back to fuel the drug war. Channeling her long experience working on border issues, Longmire brings to life the very real threat of Mexican cartels operating not just along the southwest border, but deep inside every corner of the United States. She also offers real solutions to the critical problems facing Mexico and the United States, including programs to deter youth in Mexico from joining the cartels and changing drug laws on both sides of the border.
Book Synopsis Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age by : Caron Beaton-Wells
Download or read book Anti-Cartel Enforcement in a Contemporary Age written by Caron Beaton-Wells and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2015-09-24 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leniency policies are seen as a revolution in contemporary anti-cartel law enforcement. Unique to competition law, these policies are regarded as essential to detecting, punishing and deterring business collusion – conduct that subverts competition at national and global levels. Featuring contributions from leading scholars, practitioners and enforcers from around the world, this book probes the almost universal adoption and zealous defence of leniency policies by many competition authorities and others. It charts the origins of and impetuses for the leniency movement, captures key insights from academic research and practical experience relating to the operation and effectiveness of leniency policies and examines leniency from the perspectives of corporate and individual applicants, advisers and authorities. The book also explores debates surrounding the intersections between leniency and other crucial elements of the enforcement system such as compensation, compliance and criminalisation. The rich critical analysis in the book draws on the disciplines of law, regulation, economics and criminology. It makes a substantial and distinctive contribution to the literature on a topic that is highly significant to a wide range of actors in the field of competition law and business regulation generally. From the Foreword by Professor Frédéric Jenny ' ... fundamental questions are raised and thoroughly discussed in this book which is undoubtedly the most comprehensive scholarly work on leniency policies produced so far ... [the] book should be required reading for all seeking to acquire a deeper insight into the issues related to leniency policy. It is a priceless contribution ... '
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Cartels by : Peter Whelan
Download or read book Research Handbook on Cartels written by Peter Whelan and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-02 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing together a variety of perspectives, this accessible yet comprehensive Research Handbook provides an in-depth analysis of the most significant issues pertaining to the legal regulation of cartels. An interdisciplinary team of respected experts explores the theoretical, legal, economic, political, and comparative discourse surrounding cartel regulation.
Book Synopsis Regulating Competition by : Susanna Fellman
Download or read book Regulating Competition written by Susanna Fellman and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-12-22 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cartels, trusts and agreements to reduce competition between firms have existed for centuries, but became particularly prevalent toward the end of the 19th century. In the mid-20th century governments began to use so called ‘cartel registers’ to monitor and regulate their behaviour. This book provides cases studies from more than a dozen countries to examine the emergence, application and eventual decline of this form of regulation. Beginning with a comparison of the attitudes to regulation that led to monitoring, rather than prohibiting cartels, this book examines the international studies on cartels undertaken by the League of Nations before World War II. This is followed by a series of studies on the context of the registers, including the international context of the European Union, and the importance of lobby groups in shaping regulatory outcomes, using Finland as an example. Section two provides a broad international comparison of several countries’ registers, with individual studies on Norway, Australia, Japan, Germany, Sweden and the Netherlands. After examining the impact of registration on business behaviour in the insurance industry, this book concludes with an overview of the lessons to be learnt from 20th century efforts to regulate competition. With a foreword by Harm Schroter, this book outlines the rise and fall of a system that allowed nations to tailor their approach to regulating competition to their individual circumstances whilst also responding to the pressures of globalisation that emerged after the Second World War. This book is suitable for those who are interested in and study economic history, international economics and business history.
Book Synopsis Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science by : Giuseppe Nicosia
Download or read book Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science written by Giuseppe Nicosia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume set, LNCS 13163-13164, constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Machine Learning, Optimization, and Data Science, LOD 2021, together with the first edition of the Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience, ACAIN 2021. The total of 86 full papers presented in this two-volume post-conference proceedings set was carefully reviewed and selected from 215 submissions. These research articles were written by leading scientists in the fields of machine learning, artificial intelligence, reinforcement learning, computational optimization, neuroscience, and data science presenting a substantial array of ideas, technologies, algorithms, methods, and applications.
Book Synopsis Making Peace in Drug Wars by : Benjamin Lessing
Download or read book Making Peace in Drug Wars written by Benjamin Lessing and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State crackdowns on drug cartels often backfire, producing entrenched 'cartel-state conflict'; deterrence approaches have curbed violence but proven fragile. This book explains why.
Book Synopsis Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics by : Michael McAleer
Download or read book Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics written by Michael McAleer and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk measures play a vital role in many subfields of economics and finance. It has been proposed that risk measures could be analysed in relation to the performance of variables extracted from empirical real-world data. For example, risk measures may help inform effective monetary and fiscal policies and, therefore, the further development of pricing models for financial assets such as equities, bonds, currencies, and derivative securities.A Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” will be devoted to advancements in the mathematical and statistical development of risk measures with applications in finance and economics. This Special Issue will bring together the theory, practice and real-world applications of risk measures. This book is a collection of papers published in the Special Issue of “Risk Measures with Applications in Finance and Economics” for Sustainability in 2018.
