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Darwin And International Relations On The Evolutionary Origins Of War And Ethnic Conflict
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Book Synopsis Darwin and International Relations by : Bradley A. Thayer
Download or read book Darwin and International Relations written by Bradley A. Thayer and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2021-03-17 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Shows a mastery of research and theory in both biology and international relations and weaves the two fields together in a compelling fashion.” —Dr. Steven A. Peterson, Director, School of Public Affairs, Penn State Pathbreaking and controversial, Darwin and International Relations offers the first comprehensive analysis of international affairs of state through the lens of evolutionary theory. Using ethnological and statistical studies of warfare among tribal societies, Bradley A. Thayer argues that humans wage war for reasons predicted by evolutionary theory?to gain and protect vital resources but also for the physically and emotionally stimulating effects of combat. Thayer demonstrates that an evolutionary understanding of disease will become a more important part of the study of international relations as new strains of diseases emerge and advances in genetics make biological warfare a more effective weapon for states and terrorists. He also explains the deep causes of ethnic conflict by illuminating how xenophobia and ethnocentrism evolved in humans. He notes that these behaviors once contributed to our ancestors’ success in radically different environments, but they remain a part of us. Darwin and International Relations makes a major contribution to our understanding of human history and the future of international relations. “Obligatory reading for social and life scientists alike, and deserves to become a standard work in political science.” —International History Review “A thoughtful book that can challenge some of our comfortable assumptions.” —Journal of Military History “Outstanding! This book will become a standard work in political science.” —Roger D. Masters, Dartmouth College
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Peaceful Change in International Relations by : T. V. Paul
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Peaceful Change in International Relations written by T. V. Paul and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Abstract: With the rapid rise of China and the relative decline of the United States, the topic of power transition conflicts is back in popular and scholarly attention. The discipline of International Relations offers much on why violent power transition conflicts occur, yet very few substantive treatments exist on why and how peaceful changes happen in world politics. This Handbook is the first comprehensive treatment of the subject of peaceful change in International Relations. It contains some 41 chapters, all written by scholars from different theoretical and conceptual backgrounds examining the multi-faceted dimensions of this subject. In the first part, key conceptual and definitional clarifications are offered and in the second part, papers address the historical origins of peaceful change as an International Relations subject matter during the Inter-War, Cold War, and Post-Cold War eras. In the third part, each of the IR theoretical traditions and paradigms in particular Realism, liberalism, constructivism and critical perspectives and their distinct views on peaceful change are analyzed. In the fourth part papers tackle the key material, ideational and social sources of change. In the fifth part, the papers explore selected great and middle powers and their foreign policy contributions to peaceful change, realizing that many of these states have violent past or tend not to pursue peaceful policies consistently. In part six, the contributors evaluate the peaceful change that occurred in the world's key regions. In the final part, the editors address prospective research agenda and trajectories on this important subject matter. Keywords: Peaceful Change; War; Security; International Relations Theory; Sources of Change; Systemic Theory; Realism; Liberalism; Constructivism; Critical Theories"--
Book Synopsis Handbook of Biology and Politics by : Steven A. Peterson
Download or read book Handbook of Biology and Politics written by Steven A. Peterson and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-05-26 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of biology and politics (or biopolitics) has gained considerable currency in recent years, as articles on the subject have appeared in mainstream journals and books on the subject have been well received. The literature has increased greatly since the 1960s and 1970s, when this specialization first made an appearance. This volume assesses the contributions of biology to political science. Chapters focus on general biological approaches to politics, biopolitical contributions to mainstream areas within political science, and linkages between biology and public policy. The volume provides readers with a comprehensive introduction to the subject.
Book Synopsis Realism and Fear in International Relations by : Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou
Download or read book Realism and Fear in International Relations written by Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the fascinating story of how the chief architects of realism (Hans Morgenthau, Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer) dealt with some of the most pressing political issues of our time through the lenses of fear. Pashakhanlou conducts the most comprehensive evaluation of their works to date, compromising of a meticulous analysis of 400 of their publications. As such, this book is an invaluable resource for practitioners, students and concerned citizens that seek to understand how three of the most influential International Relations scholars thought about the implications of fear at the global level. ‘In this important book, the author gets to the heart of the underlying emotional condition on which so much rational political thought in International Relations is built. By uncovering the role of fear within the modern classics of realism, the book sheds light on the role that fear plays in producing otherwise rational decision-making.’ David Galbreath, Professor of International Security, University of Bath, UK ‘The role played by fear in Realist international theory is under-explored and poorly theorised. This book addresses this lacuna and provides a thorough and systematic analysis of the significance of fear in Realism. In doing so, Arash Heydarian Pashakhanlou makes a major contribution to International Relations theory, and the ‘emotional turn’ in the study of contemporary international politics’. Adrian Hyde-Price, Professor of International Politics, Gothenburg University, Sweden
Book Synopsis Human Beings in International Relations by : Daniel Jacobi
Download or read book Human Beings in International Relations written by Daniel Jacobi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-11 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asks how, why and to what ends humans appear in international relations theories and how this makes us interpret world politics.
Book Synopsis Understanding Deterrence by : Keith B. Payne
Download or read book Understanding Deterrence written by Keith B. Payne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-11 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, the rational actor model served as the preferred guide for U.S. deterrence policy. It has been a convenient and comforting guide because it requires little detailed knowledge of an opponent’s unique decision-making process and yet typically provides confident generalizations about how deterrence works. The model tends to postulate common decision-making parameters across the globe to reach generalizations about how deterrence will function and the types of forces that will be "stabilizing" or "destabilizing." Yet a broad spectrum of unique factors can influence an opponent’s perceptions and his calculations, and these are not easily captured by the rational actor model. The absence of uniformity means there can be very few deterrence generalizations generated by the use of the rational actor model that are applicable to the entire range of opponents. Understanding Deterrence considers how factors such as psychology, history, religion, ideology, geography, political structure, culture, proliferation and geopolitics can shape a leadership’s decision-making process, in ways that are specific and unique to each opponent. Understanding Deterrence demonstrates how using a multidisciplinary approach to deterrence analysis can better identify and assess factors that influence an opponent’s decision-making process. This identification and assessment process can facilitate the tailoring of deterrence strategies to specific purposes and result in a higher likelihood of success than strategies guided by the generalizations about opponent decision-making typically contained in the rational actor model. This book was published as a special issue of Comparative Strategy.
Book Synopsis Strategic Instincts by : Dominic D. P. Johnson
Download or read book Strategic Instincts written by Dominic D. P. Johnson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-30 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A very timely book."—Anne-Marie Slaughter, CEO of New America How cognitive biases can guide good decision making in politics and international relations A widespread assumption in political science and international relations is that cognitive biases—quirks of the brain we all share as human beings—are detrimental and responsible for policy failures, disasters, and wars. In Strategic Instincts, Dominic Johnson challenges this assumption, explaining that these nonrational behaviors can actually support favorable results in international politics and contribute to political and strategic success. By studying past examples, he considers the ways that cognitive biases act as “strategic instincts,” lending a competitive edge in policy decisions, especially under conditions of unpredictability and imperfect information. Drawing from evolutionary theory and behavioral sciences, Johnson looks at three influential cognitive biases—overconfidence, the fundamental attribution error, and in-group/out-group bias. He then examines the advantageous as well as the detrimental effects of these biases through historical case studies of the American Revolution, the Munich Crisis, and the Pacific campaign in World War II. He acknowledges the dark side of biases—when confidence becomes hubris, when attribution errors become paranoia, and when group bias becomes prejudice. Ultimately, Johnson makes a case for a more nuanced understanding of the causes and consequences of cognitive biases and argues that in the complex world of international relations, strategic instincts can, in the right context, guide better performance. Strategic Instincts shows how an evolutionary perspective can offer the crucial next step in bringing psychological insights to bear on foundational questions in international politics.
Book Synopsis Handbook of International Relations by : Walter Carlsnaes
Download or read book Handbook of International Relations written by Walter Carlsnaes and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The original Handbook of International Relations was the first authoritative and comprehensive survey of the field of international relations. In this eagerly-awaited new edition, the Editors have once again drawn together a team of the world′s leading scholars of international relations to provide a state-of-the-art review and indispensable guide to the field, ensuring its position as the pre-eminent volume of its kind. The Second Edition has been expanded to 33 chapters and fully revised, with new chapters on the following contemporary topics: - Normative Theory in IR - Critical Theories and Poststructuralism - Efforts at Theoretical Synthesis in IR: Possibilities and Limits - International Law and International Relations - Transnational Diffusion: Norms, Ideas and Policies - Comparative Regionalism - Nationalism and Ethnicity - Geopolitics in the 21st Century - Terrorism and International Relations - Religion and International Politics - International Migration A truly international undertaking, this Handbook reviews the many historical, philosophical, analytical and normative roots to the discipline and covers the key contemporary topics of research and debate today. The Handbook of International Relations remains an essential benchmark publication for all advanced undergraduates, graduate students and academics in politics and international relations.
Book Synopsis Perception and Misperception in International Politics by : Robert Jervis
Download or read book Perception and Misperception in International Politics written by Robert Jervis and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its original publication in 1976, Perception and Misperception in International Politics has become a landmark book in its field, hailed by the New York Times as "the seminal statement of principles underlying political psychology." This new edition includes an extensive preface by the author reflecting on the book's lasting impact and legacy, particularly in the application of cognitive psychology to political decision making, and brings that analysis up to date by discussing the relevant psychological research over the past forty years. Jervis describes the process of perception (for example, how decision makers learn from history) and then explores common forms of misperception (such as overestimating one's influence). He then tests his ideas through a number of important events in international relations from nineteenth- and twentieth-century European history. Perception and Misperception in International Politics is essential for understanding international relations today.
Book Synopsis The Oil Wars Myth by : Emily L. Meierding
Download or read book The Oil Wars Myth written by Emily L. Meierding and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do countries fight wars for oil? Given the resource's exceptional military and economic importance, most people assume that states will do anything to obtain it. Challenging this conventional wisdom, The Oil Wars Myth reveals that countries do not launch major conflicts to acquire petroleum resources. Emily Meierding argues that the costs of foreign invasion, territorial occupation, international retaliation, and damage to oil company relations deter even the most powerful countries from initiating "classic oil wars." Examining a century of interstate violence, she demonstrates that, at most, countries have engaged in mild sparring to advance their petroleum ambitions. The Oil Wars Myth elaborates on these findings by reassessing the presumed oil motives for many of the twentieth century's most prominent international conflicts: World War II, the two American Gulf wars, the Iran–Iraq War, the Falklands/Malvinas War, and the Chaco War. These case studies show that countries have consistently refrained from fighting for oil. Meierding also explains why oil war assumptions are so common, despite the lack of supporting evidence. Since classic oil wars exist at the intersection of need and greed—two popular explanations for resource grabs—they are unusually easy to believe in. The Oil Wars Myth will engage and inform anyone interested in oil, war, and the narratives that connect them.
Book Synopsis Classical Liberalism and International Relations Theory by : Edwin van de Haar
Download or read book Classical Liberalism and International Relations Theory written by Edwin van de Haar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-08-31 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book calls for a reappraisal of liberalism in IR theory. Based on the first comprehensive analysis of the ideas by David Hume, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek and a new perspective on Adam Smith and international relations, the analysis shows that classical liberalism differs substantially from other forms of liberalism.
Book Synopsis The Causes of War and the Spread of Peace by : Azar Gat
Download or read book The Causes of War and the Spread of Peace written by Azar Gat and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The causes of war - why people fight - is one of the big questions of human existence. Azar Gat's book, ranging from the beginning of prehistory to the 21st century, offers a definitive answer to the lingering mystery.
Book Synopsis Where the Evidence Leads by : Robert C. Johansen
Download or read book Where the Evidence Leads written by Robert C. Johansen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book develops an "empirical realist" theory to enable the United States to respond effectively to rising security threats and to seize new opportunities for global governance more successfully than have past policies. A synthesis of peace research and security studies shows that a global grand strategy for human security, with U.S. national security folded into it, is likely to produce more security for the United States than a grand strategy for national security pursued as an end in itself. More security advantages are likely to result from maximizing the "causes" or correlates of peace than from maximizing U.S. military power. Peace reigns when these correlates are present: all nations' security fears are addressed; people can meet basic needs; nations enjoy reciprocal rights and duties; they are treated equitably; their lives are predictable because the international system is governed by the rule of law; and they participate in the decisions that affect their lives through fair representation in democratic global governing processes. This approach revolutionizes thinking about national security policy by transforming it into human security policy. Evidence suggests that the anarchic, militarized balance-of-power system can be gradually changed with help from enhanced international lawmaking and enforcing capacities. To promote change, concerned policymakers and citizens could withdraw their support from U.S. policies that do not serve the common good and work to implement a global grand strategy for human security that would simultaneously serve U.S. security interests and uphold the value of human dignity for all"--
Book Synopsis China, the European Union, and the International Politics of Global Governance by : Jianwei Wang
Download or read book China, the European Union, and the International Politics of Global Governance written by Jianwei Wang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-29 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two major themes in contemporary international relations—Sino-European relations and global governance—are both addressed in this volume. In its focused analysis of Sino-European relations, global governance serves as both a topic for analysis and a conceptual framework to join together individual chapters. Featuring perspectives from a diverse group of established and promising young scholars from China, Europe, and elsewhere, this book has important implications for Chinese foreign policy, the European Union, the future of global governance, and international relations at large.
Book Synopsis Human Morality and Sociality by : Henrik Hogh-Olesen
Download or read book Human Morality and Sociality written by Henrik Hogh-Olesen and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human nature is enigmatic. Are we cruel, selfish creatures or good merciful Samaritans? This book takes you on a journey into the complexities of human mind and kind, from altruism, sharing, and large-scale cooperation, to cheating, distrust, and warfare. What are the building blocks of morality and sociality? Featuring contributions from leading researchers, such as Christophe Boesch, Leda Cosmides and John Tooby, Azar Gat, Dennis Krebs, Ara Norenzayan, and Frans B. M. de Waal, this fascinating interdisciplinary reader draws on evolutionary and comparative perspectives, and is essential reading for any students interested in the unique characteristics that define humanity and society.
Book Synopsis On Social Evolution by : Shiping Tang
Download or read book On Social Evolution written by Shiping Tang and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-02-26 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tang provides a coherent and systematic exploration of social evolution as a phenomenon and as a paradigm. He critically builds on existing discussions on social evolution, while drawing from a wide range of disciplines, including archaeology, evolutionary anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, the philosophy of social sciences, and evolutionary biology. Clarifying the relationship between biological evolution and social evolution, Tang lays bare the ontological and epistemological principles of the social evolutionary paradigm. He also presents operational principles and tools for deploying this paradigm to understand empirical puzzles about human society. This is a vital resource for students, practitioners, and philosophers of all social sciences.
Book Synopsis Natural Security by : Raphael D. Sagarin
Download or read book Natural Security written by Raphael D. Sagarin and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2008-02 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written with the aim of breaking down barriers between disparate disciplines in order to create more responsive and effective strategies, Natural Security provides a new lens through which to explore the ancient and ever present problem of how to maintain security in an unpredictable, complex, and dangerous world."--BOOK JACKET.
