Crop Protection In Medieval Agriculture

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Crop Protection in Medieval Agriculture

Author : Jan C. Zadoks
Publisher : Sidestone Press
ISBN 13 : 9088901872
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (889 download)

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Book Synopsis Crop Protection in Medieval Agriculture by : Jan C. Zadoks

Download or read book Crop Protection in Medieval Agriculture written by Jan C. Zadoks and published by Sidestone Press. This book was released on 2013-10-16 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mediterranean and West European pre-modern agriculture (agriculture before 1600) was by necessity ‘organic agriculture’. Crop protection is part and parcel of this agriculture, with weed control in the forefront. Crop protection is embedded in the medieval agronomy text books but specialised sections do occur. Weeds, insects and diseases are described but identification in modern terms is not easy. The pre-modern ‘Crop Portfolio’ is well filled, certainly in the Mediterranean area. The medieval ‘Pest Portfolio’ differs from the modern one because agriculture then was a Low External Input Agriculture, and because the proportion of cultivated to non-cultivated land was drastically lower than today. The pre-modern ‘Control Portfolio’ is surprisingly rich, both in preventive and interventive measures. Prevention was by risk management, intensive tillage, and careful storage. Intervention was mechanical and chemical. Chemical intervention used natural substances such as sulphur, pitch, and ‘botanicals’. Some fifty plant species are mentioned in a crop protection context. Though application methods look rather modern they are typically low-tech. Among them are seed disinfection, spraying, dusting, fumigation, grease banding, wound care, and hand-picking but also scarification, now outdated. The reality of pest outbreaks and other damages is explored as to frequency, intensity, and extent. Information on the practical use of the recommended treatments is scanty. If applied, their effectiveness remains enigmatic. Three medieval agronomists are at the heart of this book, but historical developments in crop protection from early Punic, Greek, and Roman authors to the first modern author are outlined. The readership of these writers was the privileged class of landowners but hints pointing to the exchange of ideas between them and the common peasant were found. Consideration is given to the pre-modern reasoning in matters of crop protection. Comparison of pre-modern crop protection and its counterpart in modern organic agriculture is difficult because of drastic changes in the relation between crop areas and non-crop areas, and because of the great difference in yield levels then and now, with several associated differences.

Medieval Farming and Technology

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9004617833
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (46 download)

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Book Synopsis Medieval Farming and Technology by :

Download or read book Medieval Farming and Technology written by and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-07-24 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first of three planned volumes which deal with the techniques and technology of agriculture in Europe in the period from 600 A.D. down to the 17th century. The focus of this first volume is Scandinavia, the British Isles, Northern Germany, the Low Countries and Northern France. The volume discusses methodological approaches and their limitations, the development of medieval agriculture in terms of the transmission of technological ideas, improvements in productivity, regional variations, social responses to agricultural technology, and those common trends that unite the Northwest European region. The volume integrates material derived from the great advances made in medieval archaeology and the historical study of landscapes during the past 30 years and has a supranational character. It will be of interest to all those working on the social, economic and political history of Northwest Europe in the medieval and early modern periods as well as to those undertaking research in the specific field of the history of technology.

English Medieval Agriculture, 1000-1485

Author : Robert Morris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis English Medieval Agriculture, 1000-1485 by : Robert Morris

Download or read book English Medieval Agriculture, 1000-1485 written by Robert Morris and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England

Author : B. M. S. Campbell
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England by : B. M. S. Campbell

Download or read book Field Systems and Farming Systems in Late Medieval England written by B. M. S. Campbell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A majority of households on later Middle Ages relied upon farming for a living. Yet conventional accounts of the period rarely do justice to the variety of ways in which the land was managed and worked. The thirteen essays collected in this volume draw upon the abundant documentary evidence of the period to explore that diversity. In the process they engage with the issue of classification - without which effective generalisation is impossible - and offer a series of solutions to that particularly thorny methodological challenge. What emerges is an agrarian world more commercialised, differentiated, and complex than is usually appreciated, whose institutional and agronomic contours shaped the course of agricultural development for centuries to come.

Decision-making in Medieval Agriculture

Author : David Stone
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (799 download)

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Book Synopsis Decision-making in Medieval Agriculture by : David Stone

Download or read book Decision-making in Medieval Agriculture written by David Stone and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture

Author : Derek J. Chadwick
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470514485
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture by : Derek J. Chadwick

Download or read book Crop Protection and Sustainable Agriculture written by Derek J. Chadwick and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-04-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increase in the world population and changes in welfare have led to an enormously expanding demand for food. In the industrialized world, food surpluses rather than shortages are a problem together with adverse environmental impacts from the overuse of chemicals and excessive exploitation of agricultural land. In the developing world, food production cannot keep up with population growth and the gap between demand and supply is growing. This book explores the theme of sustainable agricultural development in the developing world, with a particular focus on crop protection. Includes chapters on the ecology of food production, on sustainable agriculture and crop protection methods, on the economics of food production and more.

Herbicides

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128236752
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (282 download)

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Book Synopsis Herbicides by :

Download or read book Herbicides written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-06-23 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Herbicides: Chemistry, Efficacy, Toxicology, and Environmental Impacts addresses contemporary debates on herbicide toxicology. The reader is offered a comprehensive overview of this complex topic, presented by internationally recognized experts. Information presented will inform discussions on the use of herbicides in modern agricultural and other systems, and their potential non-target effects on human populations and various ecosystems. The book covers these matters in concise language appropriate to engage both specialists in the research community and informed persons responsible for legislative, funding, and public health matters in the community at large. The use of herbicides is an essential pillar of modern agricultural production systems. Weeds, if uncontrolled, would reduce crop yield and result in massive economic damage. Recently, the heavy reliance on single herbicides has been linked to the development of weed resistance. To combat resistant weeds, farmers are advised to use a mix of several herbicides and to increase herbicide application rates. As a result, the toxicity of herbicides on human health and the environment has become a controversial topic. Offers a comprehensive overview of herbicide science in modern agricultural systems Addresses the complex problems that can arise from herbicide use and misuse, including weed resistance, pollution, and human health issues Uses recent examples to demonstrate the topical nature of this issue

Weeds and the Carolingians

Author : Paolo Squatriti
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 131651286X
Total Pages : 237 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (165 download)

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Book Synopsis Weeds and the Carolingians by : Paolo Squatriti

Download or read book Weeds and the Carolingians written by Paolo Squatriti and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In early medieval Europe, unwanted plants that persistently appeared among crops created extra work, reduced productivity, and challenged theologians who believed God had made all vegetation good. This book presents a dynamic picture of early medieval people struggling to control their ecosystems, and their relationship with their environments.

Digital atlas of traditional agricultural practices and food processing

Author : R.T.J. Cappers
Publisher : Barkhuis
ISBN 13 : 9492444003
Total Pages : 1993 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (924 download)

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Book Synopsis Digital atlas of traditional agricultural practices and food processing by : R.T.J. Cappers

Download or read book Digital atlas of traditional agricultural practices and food processing written by R.T.J. Cappers and published by Barkhuis. This book was released on 2016-05-09 with total page 1993 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Digital atlas [www.plantatlas.eu] of traditional agricultural practices and food processing documents the various processes involved in the production of food--from working the fields through to processing the crops for food, fodder, and other purposes. The atlas aims to define and describe these various processes unambiguously by using a standardized vocabulary and by explicitly taking into account the intention behind each process. Illustrated with more than 3,000 photographs and numerous films documenting 20 years of field observation in the Mediterranean area, the Middle East, and the Indian subcontinent, the atlas also includes detailed case studies of the practices and processes involving grapes, olives, date palms, barley, and wheat. Many of these processes are part of the intangible cultural heritage of agriculture that is now rapidly disappearing.

Sustainable Agrochemistry

Author : Sílvio Vaz Jr.
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030178919
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Sustainable Agrochemistry by : Sílvio Vaz Jr.

Download or read book Sustainable Agrochemistry written by Sílvio Vaz Jr. and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad range of technologies for sustainable agrochemistry, e.g. semiochemicals for pest management, nanotechnology for release of eco-friendly agrochemicals, and green chemistry principles for agriculture. It provides a concise introduction to sustainable agrochemistry for a professional audience, and highlights the main scientific and technological approaches that can be applied to modern agrochemistry. It also discusses various available technologies for reducing the negative impacts of agrochemicals on the environment and human health.

Plant Pathology and Plant Diseases

Author : Anne Marte Tronsmo
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1789243181
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (892 download)

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Book Synopsis Plant Pathology and Plant Diseases by : Anne Marte Tronsmo

Download or read book Plant Pathology and Plant Diseases written by Anne Marte Tronsmo and published by CABI. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of plant diseases, including pathogens, plant-pathogen interactions, their management, and future perspectives. Plant diseases limit potential crop production and are responsible for considerable losses in agriculture, horticulture and forestry. Our global food production systems are under increasing pressure from global trade, climate change and urbanization. If we could alleviate the losses due to plant diseases, we would be able to produce roughly 20% more food - enough to feed the predicted world population in 2050. Co-authored by a group of international teachers of plant pathology who have collaborated for many years, the book gives expert and seamless coverage. Plant Pathology and Plant Diseases: Addresses major advances in plant-pathogen interactions, classification of plant pathogens, and the methods of managing or controlling disease Is relevant for a global audience; it covers many examples of diseases with an impact worldwide but with an emphasis on disease of particular importance in a temperate context Features over 400 striking figures and colour photographs It is suitable for graduate students and advanced undergraduates studying plant pathology, biology, agriculture and horticulture.

Green Toxicology

Author : Alexandra Maertens
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1839164409
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis Green Toxicology by : Alexandra Maertens

Download or read book Green Toxicology written by Alexandra Maertens and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-02-01 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Green toxicology is an integral part of green chemistry. One of the key goals of green chemistry is to design less toxic chemicals. Therefore, an understanding of toxicology and hazard assessment is important for any chemist working in green chemistry, but toxicology is rarely part of most chemists' education. As a consequence, chemists lack the toxicological lens necessary to view chemicals in order to design safer substitutions. This book seeks to fill that gap and demonstrate how a basic understanding of toxicology, as well as the tools of in silico and in vitro toxicology, can be an integral part of green chemistry. R&D chemists, product stewards, and toxicologists who work in the field of sustainability, can all benefit from integrating green toxicology principles into their work. Topics include in silico tools for hazard assessment, toxicity testing, and lifecycle considerations, this book aims to act as a bridge between green toxicologists and green chemists.

Bioactive Natural products in Drug Discovery

Author : Joginder Singh
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811513945
Total Pages : 733 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Bioactive Natural products in Drug Discovery by : Joginder Singh

Download or read book Bioactive Natural products in Drug Discovery written by Joginder Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-30 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights different natural products that are derived from the plants and microbes that have shown potential as the lead compounds against infectious diseases and cancer. Natural products represent an untapped source of strikingly diverse chemotypes with novel mechanisms of action and the potential to serve as anticancer and anti-infective agents. The book discusses a range of biotechnologically valuable bioactive compounds and secondary metabolites that have been derived from plant and microorganisms from various ecological niches. It also reviews the latest developments in the field of genomics, bioinformatics and industrial fermentation for harnessing the microbial products for commercial applications. In turn, the book’s closing section reviews important biotechnological applications of various natural products. Combining the expertise of specialists in this field, the book’s goal is to promote the further investigation of natural sources for the development of standardized, safe and effective therapies.

LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Author : Dr. Bhagwat Bhaurao Gadekar
Publisher : Lulu Publication
ISBN 13 : 1716070236
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (16 download)

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Book Synopsis LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT by : Dr. Bhagwat Bhaurao Gadekar

Download or read book LIVESTOCK AND AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT written by Dr. Bhagwat Bhaurao Gadekar and published by Lulu Publication. This book was released on 2021-02-20 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction The poorest of the world’s poor people comprise hundreds of millions of families existing on less than $ 2 per day.1 Approximately 50 percent of these families own livestock and some parts of the world will remain reliant for at least some more human generation on adapted genetic livestock resources that can cope with low- input, high – stress production system to provide food, fibre and hides for home use and local sales; serve as a source of traction and fuel; meet cultural and religious needs and provide a reliable and readily convertible means of managing family resources. Low literacy rates and very real risks of hunger are common problems. Consequently, programmes and policies have to be adjusted to their needs.

Invoking the Akelarre

Author : Emma Wilby
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 1782846247
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (828 download)

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Book Synopsis Invoking the Akelarre by : Emma Wilby

Download or read book Invoking the Akelarre written by Emma Wilby and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With their dramatic descriptions of black masses and cannibalistic feasts, the records generated by the Basque witch-craze of 160914 provide us with arguably the most demonologically-stereotypical accounts of the witches sabbath or akelarre to have emerged from early modern Europe. While the trials have attracted scholarly attention, the most substantial monograph on the subject was written nearly forty years ago and most works have focused on the ways in which interrogators shaped the pattern of prosecutions and the testimonies of defendants. Invoking the Akelarre diverts from this norm by employing more recent historiographical paradigms to analyze the contributions of the accused. Through interdisciplinary analyses of both French- and Spanish-Basque records, it argues that suspects were not passive recipients of elite demonological stereotypes but animated these received templates with their own belief and experience, from the dark exoticism of magical conjuration, liturgical cursing and theatrical misrule to the sharp pragmatism of domestic medical practice and everyday religious observance. In highlighting the range of raw materials available to the suspects, the book helps us to understand how the fiction of the witches sabbath emerged to such prominence in contemporary mentalities, whilst also restoring some agency to the defendants and nuancing the historical thesis that stereotypical content points to interrogatorial opinion and folkloric content to the voices of the accused. In its local context, this study provides an intimate portrait of peasant communities as they flourished in the Basque region in this period and leaves us with the irony that Europes most sensationally-demonological accounts of the witches sabbath may have evolved out of a particularly ardent commitment, on the part of ordinary Basques, to the social and devotional structures of popular Catholicism.

Plants, Biotechnology and Agriculture

Author : Denis Murphy
Publisher : CABI
ISBN 13 : 1845939131
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (459 download)

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Book Synopsis Plants, Biotechnology and Agriculture by : Denis Murphy

Download or read book Plants, Biotechnology and Agriculture written by Denis Murphy and published by CABI. This book was released on 2011 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a time when the world's food supplies are increasingly unable to meet the needs of a burgeoning population, there is significant diversity of opinion concerning the benefits and perceived dangers of the application of biotechnology to food production. Plants, Biotechnology and Agriculture provides the reader with a guide to plants as both organisms and resources. The first half of the book gives an overview of plant biology, suitable for students of plant biology and agriculture as well as those without a biology background. This is followed by an outline of the human exploitation of plants, from domestication to scientific manipulation. Further chapters describe the technologies that are now being used to improve crops, society's responses to these technologies, and how they are being modified as a result. The book concludes with a discussion of future challenges for biotechnology in the face of rapid population growth, depletion of non-renewable resources and climate change.

The Role of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Human Nutrition - Volume I

Author : Victor R. Squires
Publisher : EOLSS Publications
ISBN 13 : 1848261349
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis The Role of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Human Nutrition - Volume I by : Victor R. Squires

Download or read book The Role of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Human Nutrition - Volume I written by Victor R. Squires and published by EOLSS Publications. This book was released on 2011-11-15 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Role of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Human Nutrition is a component of Encyclopedia of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. Human health and wellbeing depend strongly on production, quality, and availability of food. Agriculture, or cultivation of the soil, harvesting crops, and raising livestock, which are the main sources of food, has no single origin. At different times and in numerous places, many plants and animals have been domesticated to provide food for humankind. Fishing, like farming, is a form of primary food production. Through food gathering, primitive humans first obtained fish and other aquatic products in the shallow waters of lakes and along the seashore, in areas with ebb tides, and in small streams. The breadth and complexity of the subject matter presented here is vast. This volume traces the extraordinary history of human colonization of the habitable world and is a chronicle of humankind’s early communion with the underlying realities of the earth’s physical environment, the eventual destruction of this harmonious relationship, and efforts to repair the damage. To make it easier for the reader the volume is divided into 7 sections Food and agriculture and the use of natural resources examines the relationship between food production and the resource base and demonstrate how humans have adapted and exploited Nature to feed the burgeoning populations of humans and their domestic animals. History of forestry from ancient times to the present day is analyzed and shows the linkage between forest clearance for agriculture and the rise of human populations, and current global environmental issues. History of Fishing is a saga explained that spans the full range from traditional fishing for subsistence through to the evolution of modern factory fishing fleets Impact of global change on agriculture outlines the impact of climate change, human demographic trends and the sustainability issues that arise. Economics and policy of food production analyzes the global trade in foodstuffs and the regional specializations and land use complexities. Fundamentals of human health and nutrition explains the complexities of providing a balanced and safe diet for humans throughout their life cycle from birth to old age. It explores some of the linkages between human health and the quality and quantity of food provided. Human nutrition: an overview provides, a wide ranging summary of the issues and imperatives associated with providing humans with food of a quality and standard that will ensure healthy lives. In the history of human development from the time of the earliest agricultural activities humans have cleared the natural forests and woodlands to obtain building materials and fuel wood, and to provide lands for domestic animals and crops. It is this aspect that is the main focus of the volume. The authors in this volume have analyzed and reviewed the interactions between the utilization of natural resources and human nutrition. Much attention focuses on the specific contribution by agriculture (including livestock husbandry), forestry and fisheries in meeting human needs. This synoptic overview assesses the pattern of past change in the relationship between humans and the resource base on which their lives depend. Lessons learned, or still to be learned, are teased out and elaborated. The vast breadth of the subject matter covered in this volume has meant that the work has benefited from the input of many individual contributors from vastly different parts of the globe. I am grateful to the contributors and reviewers for their time and effort and the exchange of ideas and the learning experience that I obtained by working with such a diverse and learned group. We all owe a debt of gratitude to the vast "invisible college" of colleagues whose publications that have shed light on some of the most pertinent problems facing humankind today. These four volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs.