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Book Synopsis Crowds and Public Order Policing by : Ibrahim Cerrah
Download or read book Crowds and Public Order Policing written by Ibrahim Cerrah and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in 1998. This research is based on observations made of 33 crowd events between February 1992 - February 1995. These took place in Turkey, England and Wales and all of which involved a large police deployment. In addition, informal interviews were conducted in both countries, involving key figures in areas of police public order training and practice. Further, visits were made to training sites and public order units, to familiarise the researcher with public order policing in both countries. Finally, the researcher has attended three major public order courses organised for the senior members of British police forces. This research analyzes the underlying assumptions contained within the existing theories in the field and attempts to adjudicate on the validity of both classical and modern contributions to the understanding of the field. The research concludes that any public order policing, regardless of the political system it serves, will tend to be relatively paramilitary and oppressive. Civilian public order policing practices need to take account of an approach which appreciates a wide combination of levels of understanding as represented by Combined Factors Approach. Finally, it is argued that the more public order policy reflects the potential level of understanding promoted by the CFA the less emphasis on paramilitary techniques will be deployed as tactics of last resort.
Download or read book Peptide Solvation and H-bonds written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-03-02 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 72, Peptide Solvation and H-bonds, addresses the role of peptide backbone solvation in the energetics of protein folding. Particular attention is focused on modeling and computation. This volume will be of particular interest to biophysicists and structural biologists. Challenges the longstanding and basic assumptions of structural biology Discusses how to solve the problem of protein structure prediction Addresses the quantitation of the energetics of folding
Book Synopsis Advances in Metal and Semiconductor Clusters by : M.A. Duncan
Download or read book Advances in Metal and Semiconductor Clusters written by M.A. Duncan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-07-10 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In previous volumes in this series, Advances in Metal and Semiconductor Clusters, the focus has been on atomic clusters of metals, semiconductors and carbon. Fundamental gas phase studies have been surveyed, and most recently scientists have explored new materials which can be produced from clusters or cluster precursors. In this latest volume, the focus shifts to clusters composed primarily of non-metal molecules or atoms which have one or more metal atoms seeded into the cluster as an impurity. These clusters provide model systems for metal ion solvation processes and metal-ligand interactions. Metal-ligand bonding underlies the vast fields of organometallic chemistry, transition metal chemistry and homogeneous catalysis. Catalytic activity, ligand displacement reactions and photochemical activity depend on the specific details of metal-ligand bonding. Likewise, metal ions are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology and weaker electrostatic interactions play a leading role in their function. In solution, metals exist in different charge states depending on the conditions, and the solvation environment strongly influences their chemistry. Many enzymes have metal ions at their active sites, and electrostatic interactions influence the selectivity for metal ion transport through cell membranes. Metal ions (e.g., Mg+, Ca+) are deposited into the earth's atmosphere by meteor ablation, resulting in a rich variety of atmospheric chemistry. Similarly, metal ions ( Mg+) have been observed in planetary atmospheres and in the impact of the comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 on Jupiter. In various circumstances, the electrostatic interactions of metal ions determine the outcome of significant chemistry. Cluster chemistry has made significant contributions to the understanding of these stronger metal ligand interactions and weaker metal ion solvation interactions. In this volume, the authors explore a variety of work in these general areas, where new cluster science techniques in the gas phase have made it possible to synthesize new kinds of complexes with metals and to measure their properties in detail.
Book Synopsis Solvent refined coal (SRC) process by : Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co
Download or read book Solvent refined coal (SRC) process written by Pittsburg & Midway Coal Mining Co and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecular Response Functions for the Polarizable Continuum Model by : Roberto Cammi
Download or read book Molecular Response Functions for the Polarizable Continuum Model written by Roberto Cammi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-10 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Brief presents the main aspects of the response functions theory (RFT) for molecular solutes described within the framework of the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). PCM is a solvation model for a Quantum Mechanical molecular system in which the solvent is represented as a continuum distribution of matter. Particular attention is devoted to the description of the basic features of the PCM model, and to the problems characterizing the study of the response function theory for molecules in solution with respect to the analogous theory on isolated molecules.
Book Synopsis Molecular Theory of Solvation by : F. Hirata
Download or read book Molecular Theory of Solvation written by F. Hirata and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Theory of Solvation presents the recent progress in the statistical mechanics of molecular liquids applied to the most intriguing problems in chemistry today, including chemical reactions, conformational stability of biomolecules, ion hydration, and electrode-solution interface. The continuum model of "solvation" has played a dominant role in describing chemical processes in solution during the last century. This book discards and replaces it completely with molecular theory taking proper account of chemical specificity of solvent. The main machinery employed here is the reference-interaction-site-model (RISM) theory, which is combined with other tools in theoretical chemistry and physics: the ab initio and density functional theories in quantum chemistry, the generalized Langevin theory, and the molecular simulation techniques. This book will be of benefit to graduate students and industrial scientists who are struggling to find a better way of accounting and/or predicting "solvation" properties.
Book Synopsis Determination of Liquid Water Structure by : E. Clementi
Download or read book Determination of Liquid Water Structure written by E. Clementi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One should distinguish between coordination numbers and hydration numbers. Following Bockris
Book Synopsis Solvent Effects and Chemical Reactivity by : Orlando Tapia
Download or read book Solvent Effects and Chemical Reactivity written by Orlando Tapia and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-04-11 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers original contributions from a selected group of distinguished researchers that are actively working in the theory and practical applications of solvent effects and chemical reactions. The importance of getting a good understanding of surrounding media effects on chemical reacting system is difficult to overestimate. Applications go from condensed phase chemistry, biochemical reactions in vitro to biological systems in vivo. Catalysis is a phenomenon produced by a particular system interacting with the reacting subsystem. The result may be an increment of the chemical rate or sometimes a decreased one. At the bottom, catalytic sources can be characterized as a special kind of surrounding medium effect. The materials involving in catalysis may range from inorganic components as in zeolites, homogenous components, enzymes, catalytic antibodies, and ceramic materials. . With the enormous progress achieved by computing technology, an increasing number of models and phenomenological approaches are being used to describe the effects of a given surrounding medium on the electronic properties of selected subsystem. A number of quantum chemical methods and programs, currently applied to calculate in vacuum systems, have been supplemented with a variety of model representations. With the increasing number of methodologies applied to this important field, it is becoming more and more difficult for non-specialist to cope with theoretical developments and extended applications. For this and other reasons, it is was deemed timely to produce a book where methodology and applications were analyzed and reviewed by leading experts in the field.
Book Synopsis Thomas' Calculus by : George B. Thomas Jr.
Download or read book Thomas' Calculus written by George B. Thomas Jr. and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2015-10-07 with total page 1208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the eBook of the printed book and may not include any media, website access codes, or print supplements that may come packaged with the bound book. This text is designed for a three-semester or four-quarter calculus course (math, engineering, and science majors). Thomas’ Calculus: Early Transcendentals, Thirteenth Edition, introduces readers to the intrinsic beauty of calculus and the power of its applications. For more than half a century, this text has been revered for its clear and precise explanations, thoughtfully chosen examples, superior figures, and time-tested exercise sets. With this new edition, the exercises were refined, updated, and expanded—always with the goal of developing technical competence while furthering readers’ appreciation of the subject. Co-authors Hass and Weir have made it their passion to improve the text in keeping with the shifts in both the preparation and ambitions of today's learners.
Book Synopsis Cluster Reactions by : Michael A. Duncan
Download or read book Cluster Reactions written by Michael A. Duncan and published by Jai Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Organolith¿um Compounds/ Solvated Electrons by : Michael J. S. Dewar
Download or read book Organolith¿um Compounds/ Solvated Electrons written by Michael J. S. Dewar and published by de Gruyter. This book was released on 1987-01-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Role of the Solvent in Chemical Reactions by : E. Buncel
Download or read book The Role of the Solvent in Chemical Reactions written by E. Buncel and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 2003 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Chemistry Masters series is designed to provide clear and concise accounts of important topics - both established and emergent - that may be encountered by chemistry students as they progress from the senior undergraduate stage through postgraduate study to leadership in research. These Masters assume little prior knowledge, other than the foundations provided by an undergraduate degree in chemistry, and lead the reader through to an appreciation of the state of the art in thetopic whilst providing an entree to the original literature in the field. The role of the solvent in chemical reactions is one of immediate and daily concern to the practising chemist. Whether in the laboratory, or in industry, most reactions are carried out in the liquid phase. In the majority of these, one or two reacting components, or reagents, are dissolved in a suitable medium and the reaction is allowed to take place. Given the importance of solvent, the need for an in-depth understanding of this topic is obvious. However, many inorganic and organic chemistry texts only make passing references to solvents, or worse still, fail to mention that a given reaction takes place in a particular solvent at all. This book successfully addresses the gap in our understanding of solvent chemistry, and brings the role of the solvent rightly to the fore. The book begins with a summary of essential thermodynamic and kinetic facts, emphasizing aspects of these fields, where relevant, to reactions in solution. Chapter 2 introduces the reader to the role of the solvent purely as a medium, touching on early theories based on electrostatic considerations (Born and Kirkwood-Onsager) and the solubility parameter (Hildebrand). Chapter 3 discusses the role of solvent as an active participant, chiefly through hydrogen bonding, Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis acid-base interactions, including hard and soft acids and bases. The ability of solvents to serve as media for oxidation and reductionis also touched upon. There then follows a chapter on chemometrics; the application of statistical methods to chemical phenomena and spectra, chiefly linear free energy correlations and principal component analysis. A novel method for the presentation of data is also described. In chapter 5, methods of theoretical calculation are discussed. These include quantum-mechanical ab-initio and semiempirical methods, integral-equation theories, and methods based on statistical mechanics (Monte Carloand molecular dynamics). Examples to illustrate these methods are detailed in the chapter. Chapters 6 and 7 look at a selection of particular classes of solvents including aprotic-dipolar, acidic, basic, room-temperature ionic, and chiral. The suitability of examples from each class of solvent for particular purposes is also discussed. The final chapter presents some concluding observations. Throughout the book, the authors use a semiquantitative and thermodynamically based approach, deliberately avoiding unnecessary detail or rigour, so that the discussions are accessible to both senior undergraduates and postgraduates. The text is also interspersed with helpful examples taken from both inorganic and organic chemistry.
Book Synopsis Organolithium Compounds/Solvated Electrons by : Springer
Download or read book Organolithium Compounds/Solvated Electrons written by Springer and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Structure and Reactivity in Aqueous Solution by :
Download or read book Structure and Reactivity in Aqueous Solution written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spectroscopy and Structure by : Michael A. Duncan
Download or read book Spectroscopy and Structure written by Michael A. Duncan and published by Jai Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text surveys developments at the forefront of the developing field of semiconductor clusters. It focuses on spectroscopic measurements of molecular structure, kinetic and dynamics measurements of cluster chemistry, and attempts to synthesize and isola
Book Synopsis The Solvated Electron in Radiation Chemistry by : Aleksei Konstantinovich Pikaev
Download or read book The Solvated Electron in Radiation Chemistry written by Aleksei Konstantinovich Pikaev and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Photography's Orientalism by : Ali Behdad
Download or read book Photography's Orientalism written by Ali Behdad and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Middle East played a critical role in the development of photography as a new technology and an art form. Likewise, photography was instrumental in cultivating and maintaining Europe’s distinctively Orientalist vision of the Middle East. As new advances enhanced the versatility of the medium, nineteenth-century photographers were able to mass-produce images to incite and satisfy the demands of the region’s burgeoning tourist industry and the appetites of armchair travelers in Europe. In this way, the evolution of modern photography fueled an interest in visual contact with the rest of the world. Photography’s Orientalism offers the first in-depth cultural study of the works of European and non- European photographers active in the Middle East and India, focusing on the relationship between photographic, literary, and historical representations of this region and beyond. The essays explore the relationship between art and politics by considering the connection between the European presence there and aesthetic representations produced by traveling and resident photographers, thereby contributing to how the history of photography is understood.
