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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 84 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (82 download)
Download or read book Cortical Inhibition Deficits in Schizophrenia written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Patricio O'Donnell
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387743502
Total Pages : 247 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)
Download or read book Cortical Deficits in Schizophrenia written by Patricio O'Donnell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-13 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This hugely important text aims to illuminate one of the most difficult areas of study in psychiatric medicine – the basis for schizophrenia in human DNA. The genetics of schizophrenia have been elusive for decades. Lately, however, a complex set of genes and gene variations that confer predisposition to schizophrenia have been identified. The challenge is to understand the biology of the genes and find out how they exert their influence. Here is all the latest research.
Author : Shahrzad Mazhari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book Cortical Inhibitory Deficit as a Core Feature of Schizophrenia written by Shahrzad Mazhari and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia (SZ) is a complex and likely heterogeneous disorder characterised by considerable variation in clinical symptomatology and cognitive functioning. In the Western Australian Family Study of Schizophrenia (WAFSS), two major subtypes were identified, one exhibiting pervasive, generalised cognitive deficit (CD), and another with only mild or focal cognitive deficits (cognitively spared, CS). Linkage analysis demonstrated that the two subtypes were genetically distinct (Hallmayer et al., 2005). The aim of the research reported in the current thesis was to test the hypothesis that cortical inhibition (CI) deficit is a core feature of the CD subtype. This hypothesis was tested by examining the performance of patients in three functional domains related to CI: neuromotor eye movement control, electrophysiological eventrelated potentials, and visuospatial working memory. Archival data from the WAFSS were used to compare the performance of 93 schizophrenia patients (CD = 47, CS = 46), 99 unaffected relatives and 62 healthy controls on a standard antisaccade task. A new sample of 57 patients with schizophrenia (CD = 28, CS = 29) and 50 healthy controls were also assessed on: i) the two additional antisaccade paradigms (overlap and delayed); ii) P50, N100, and P200 mid-latency auditory gating measures; and iii) a visuospatial working memory test. The results showed that schizophrenia patients, and particularly those classified as CD, were impaired in all three domains: (i) on the antisaccade tasks, CD patients demonstrated deficient response inhibition and response generation; (ii) in mid-latency sensory gating, CD patients showed attenuated responses to the first click of N100 and P200 components; and (iii) on the VSWM test, they exhibited impairments in the maintenance of direction of spatial location, as well as deficient use of a vertical frame of reference to support visual information processing. The results of these investigations indicate consistently poor performance of CD patients on separate measures of CI functioning, and support the notion of CI deficit as a prominent feature of CD patients when compared to CS patients.
Author : Bahar Salavati
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Pharmacological Manipulation of Long-term Potentiation and Cortical Inhibition from the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, a Model to Understand Cognitive Deficits of Schizophrenia written by Bahar Salavati and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several studies have assessed the pharmacological modulation of cortical inhibition (CI) and long-term potentiation (LTP) using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) from the motor cortex and recorded these effects through surface electromyography (EMG). However, recording CI and LTP from the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), a cortical region that is more closely associated with the pathophysiology of severe psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia were previously not done. Objectives: This study, therefore, was designed to investigate whether CI, indexed by long interval cortical inhibition (LICI), and LTP measured using paired associative stimulation (PAS) could be modulated and measured from the DLPFC in healthy participants through the use of TMS combined with electroencephalography ( EEG ) using a placebo-controlled, randomized double-blinded crossover study design. Methods: 12 healthy participants were given a single oral dose of baclofen, a GABAB agonist, dextromethorphan, a NMDA antagonist, L-DOPA, a dopamine precursor, rivastigmine, an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor for each arm of the study. Results: LICI was enhanced and suppressed by increasing GABAergic tone and cholinergic tone, respectively. LTP was increased by enhancing cholinergic tone and dopaminergic tone and abolished when NMDA receptors were blocked. Conclusion: These results are important and have the potential for therapeutic application in manipulating neural plasticity and CI in the DLPFC to treat a variety of conditions, including depression, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.
Author : Michelle Samantha Goodman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Evaluating The Effects of Cannabis Dependence and Abstinence on Cortical Inhibition and Working Memory in Schizophrenia written by Michelle Samantha Goodman and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Nigel Rogasch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Developing Concurrent Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography to Study Prefrontal Cortex Neurophysiology in People with Schizophrenia written by Nigel Rogasch and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive impairment such as deficits in working memory - the ability to retain and manipulate information over a brief period - are core features of schizophrenia. Such deficits may result from dysfunctional cortical inhibition in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). One method potentially suited to studying inhibitory circuits in the DLPFC is concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and electroencephalography (TMS-EEG). Merging these methods is technically challenging, resulting in artifacts which obscure recording of TMS-evoked neural activity. Furthermore, little is known about the mechanisms that underlie TMS-evoked cortical potentials (TEPs) from the DLPFC. The broad aim of this thesis was to develop and validate TMS-EEG methods to study DLPFC neurophysiology in people with and without schizophrenia.Five studies are reported. The first describes EEG artifacts following TMS. Phantom heads (melons) and human participants were used to investigate the effects of different experimental arrangements (stimulators, pulse types, stimulation site, intensity, paired-pulse conditions) on TMS-evoked EEG artifacts. This study demonstrated the pervasive nature of TMS-evoked scalp muscle artifacts over the DLPFC.In the second study, independent component analysis (ICA - a method of blind source separation) was assessed to identify and remove artifacts from EEG recordings following TMS over the DLPFC. Five sub-types of artifact were identified including muscle, blink and auditory artifacts. We provided evidence that each of these artifacts could be removed with reasonable confidence using ICA, revealing otherwise obscured TMS-evoked neural activity. In study three and four we examined the underlying mechanisms of TEPs. We compared suppression of TEPs with motor evoked potentials (MEPs) following long-interval cortical inhibition (LICI - a paired-pulse TMS paradigm) over the motor cortex (study three) and variations in TEP LICI over the DLPFC between individuals (study four). We demonstrated that modulation of LICI strength differed between TEP peaks, suggesting early peaks (P30, N40) reflected excitatory neurotransmission, whereas latter peaks (N100) reflected the inhibitory mechanism responsible for LICI. In the final study, we compared TMS-evoked DLPFC network properties between people with and without schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia displayed a reduced N100 and reduced TMS-evoked high frequency oscillations in fronto-parietal and interhemispheric networks compared with controls. Importantly, TMS-evoked gamma oscillations (30-45 Hz; dependent on cortical inhibition) in the DLPFC were particularly reduced in a sub-group of schizophrenia participants with low working memory capacity. These findings support impaired inhibitory neurotransmission in the DLPFC of people with schizophrenia and suggest the ability of the DLPFC to generate high frequency oscillations may contribute to schizophrenia-related working memory deficits.This thesis describes the application of TMS-EEG to study cortical neurophysiology in both healthy and disease states. The findings demonstrate that TMS-evoked neural activity can be recorded from the DLPFC following artifact removal and provide insight into inhibitory mechanisms within the DLPFC. Moreover, alterations in DLPFC function assessed using TMS-EEG may underlie reduced working memory capacity in people with schizophrenia. These findings have significant implications for the development of TMS-EEG as a neurophysiological technique, our knowledge of inhibitory mechanisms in the human cortex and our understanding of working memory deficits in schizophrenia.
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Author : Zafiris Jeffrey Daskalakis
Publisher : National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN 13 : 9780612747289
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (472 download)
Download or read book Cortical Inhibition in Schizophrenia [microform] written by Zafiris Jeffrey Daskalakis and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 2002 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Natasha Radhu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Inhibition of Gamma Oscillations as a Neurophysiological Endophenotype of Schizophrenia written by Natasha Radhu and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Faranak Farzan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Inhibition of Gamma Oscillations in Healthy Subjects and Patients with Schizophrenia written by Faranak Farzan and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul J. Harrison
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (4 download)
Download or read book The Neuropathology of Schizophrenia written by Paul J. Harrison and published by . This book was released on 2000-08-24 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is schizophrenia? This is one of the most controversial questions in psychiatry and mental health research; however, in the last twenty years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the topic. This book provides a balanced, comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the neuropathology of schizophrenia and its interpretation, covering the latest evidence derived from all fields of research, from brain scans to microscopy. The authors include many of the foremost international authorities in this rapidly developing field.
Author : Nicholas T. Carnevale
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139447831
Total Pages : 399 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book The NEURON Book written by Nicholas T. Carnevale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-12 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative reference on NEURON, the simulation environment for modeling biological neurons and neural networks that enjoys wide use in the experimental and computational neuroscience communities. This book shows how to use NEURON to construct and apply empirically based models. Written primarily for neuroscience investigators, teachers, and students, it assumes no previous knowledge of computer programming or numerical methods. Readers with a background in the physical sciences or mathematics, who have some knowledge about brain cells and circuits and are interested in computational modeling, will also find it helpful. The NEURON Book covers material that ranges from the inner workings of this program, to practical considerations involved in specifying the anatomical and biophysical properties that are to be represented in models. It uses a problem-solving approach, with many working examples that readers can try for themselves.
Author : Philip D. Harvey
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107013208
Total Pages : 341 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Impairment in Schizophrenia written by Philip D. Harvey and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-24 with total page 341 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides state-of-the-art information about cognition in schizophrenia with a wide ranging focus on measuring and treating cognitive deficits.
Author : S. Charles Schulz
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019937807X
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders written by S. Charles Schulz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-04-01 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders aims to engage young caregivers in psychiatry, psychology, nursing and social work so that they will be able to become well informed about this significant--and at times confusing--illness. Because schizophrenia is considered to be one of the most complicated and severe psychiatric disorders, this book has the goal of summarizing key issues of the illness, such as its presentation, frequency and age of onset, and diagnostic characteristics. It also contains informative chapters about the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, ranging from brain development issues, genetics, and likely abnormalities in neurotransmitters. This book will give young professionals and those joining the field an excellent and accessible background to treatment. In this area, Schizophrenia and Psychotic Spectrum Disorders provides a comprehensive approach to diagnosis, treatment initiation, strategies for non-response, approaches of therapy, and importantly, ways to provide family therapy and support.
Author : Perminder S. Sachdev
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139485229
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)
Download or read book Secondary Schizophrenia written by Perminder S. Sachdev and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-02-04 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Schizophrenia may not be a single disease, but the result of a diverse set of related conditions. Modern neuroscience is beginning to reveal some of the genetic and environmental underpinnings of schizophrenia; however, an approach less well travelled is to examine the medical disorders that produce symptoms resembling schizophrenia. This book is the first major attempt to bring together the diseases that produce what has been termed 'secondary schizophrenia'. International experts from diverse backgrounds ask the questions: does this medical disorder, or drug, or condition cause psychosis? If yes, does it resemble schizophrenia? What mechanisms form the basis of this relationship? What implications does this understanding have for aetiology and treatment? The answers are a feast for clinicians and researchers of psychosis and schizophrenia. They mark the next step in trying to meet the most important challenge to modern neuroscience – understanding and conquering this most mysterious of human diseases.
Author : Matcheri Keshavan
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107194784
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (71 download)
Download or read book Cognitive Enhancement in Schizophrenia and Related Disorders written by Matcheri Keshavan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A practical guide on how to assess and treat schizophrenia and related disorders using cognitive rehabilitation.
Author : Yoshihiro Noda
Publisher : Mdpi AG
ISBN 13 : 9783036531311
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (313 download)
Download or read book Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Neuromodulation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Yoshihiro Noda and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-02-07 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, as suggested by Dr. György Buzsáki, such ideas as "Without the rhythm of the brain, the mind is not born" and "The brain is a device that predicts, and it is the rhythm of the brain that produces predictive ability" have come to be accepted. In this context, we have organized a Special Issue presenting the cutting-edge research in clinical neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and neuromodulation.
Author : Michael Poyurovsky
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107000122
Total Pages : 249 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Schizo-Obsessive Disorder written by Michael Poyurovsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-17 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to address the clinical and neurobiological interface between schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). There is growing evidence that obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenia are prevalent, persistent and characterized by a distinct pattern of familial inheritance, neurocognitive deficits and brain activation. This text provides guidelines for differential diagnosis of schizophrenic patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and patients with primary OCD alongside poor insight, psychotic features or schizotypal personality. Written by a leading expert in the coexistence of obsessive-compulsive and schizophrenic phenomena, Schizo-Obsessive Disorder uses numerous case studies to present diagnostic guidelines and to describe a recommended treatment algorithm, demystifying this complex disorder and aiding its effective management. The book is essential reading for psychiatrists, neurologists and the wider range of multidisciplinary mental health practitioners.
